Vocabulary

guidance system - система поиска

parking place - место парковки

optimal route - оптимальный маршрут

dash board - панель приборов

departure - отправление

destination - место прибытия

real whereabouts - местонахождения

roadbed - дорожное покрытие

radiator grill - решетка радиатора

inner rearview mirror - внутреннее зеркало заднего вида

windshield - (лобовое) ветровое стекло

superhigh frequency antenna - СВЧ антенна

slippery road - скользкая дорога

warning signals - предупреждающее сигналы

vehicle - транспортное средство

steering wheel column - рулевая колонка

secondary road - второстепенная дорога

sophisticated equipment - сложное оборудование

speeders - любители быстрой езды

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Тексты подъемно - транспортной тематики jacks and hoists

Jacks

A jack is the simplest load lifting appliance for raising a load to a small height. There are mechanical (screw and rack and pinion) and hydraulic jacks. Screw jacks utilize self-stopping screws.

When lever of a rack-and-pinion jack is turned, motion is transmitted through gear drive to rack which raises the load on its support. A rack-and-pinion jack has a higher efficiency and its support can be placed under a lower lying load than a screw jack. On the other hand, it is more dangerous to operate since it has no brakes and the load is lowered with the ratchet pawl released.

Hydraulic jacks capable of handling up to 500 tons of weight are employed to erect heavy equipment and structures to a height of 0.15-0.3 meter.

Ram moves in a cylinder. Piston rises when fluid (mineral oil or antifreeze compound) is forced into the cylinder from chamber by reciprocating pump actuated by a lever. A channel connecting the cylinder with the chamber and stopped by valve is used to lower the piston.

To raise structures weighing thousands of tons several jacks operated by one electrically driven pump are jointed together.

Special hydraulic jacks are used for tensioning reinforcement in manufacturing prestressed reinforced-concrete products.

Rack-and-pinion jacks employed in Russia. can handle from 0.5 to 10 tons, screw jacks from 1 to 20 tons and hydraulic jacks from 3 to 500 tons.

Hoists

A hoist, a simple suspension-type small-size mechanism, is used mainly for assembling machines. There are hand-operated and electric hoists.

The hand-operated hoist is attached by its upper hook above the load and lifts it by its bottom hook. When endless chain is pulled by hand, chain wheel turns worm couple.

The shaft of the worm wheel carries sprocket, which lifts the load by means of roller chain. The suspended load is held at rest by automatic brake with a ratchet gear. When chain is pulled for descent the brake is automatically released, but if the operator leaves hold of chain the load will be again stopped by the brake.

The operation of a traveling electric hoist with a trolley is given here. Via a shaft passing through a freely mounted drum and reduction gear, electric motor rotates rope drum which raises or lowers the load. The load suspended on the hook is held at rest by a normal disk brake. The brake is released by an electric magnet. In addition to this brake there is another brake, applied by the weight of the lifted load. Lever serves to switch off the hoisting mechanism when hook casing reaches its upper limit. The hoisting and traveling electric motors are controlled by push-button switch suspended on a flexible cable.