Vocabulary

trolley - тележка

slabs - слябы

winding gear - механизм подъёма стрелы

load - груз

winch - лебёдка

to tip over - переворачиваться

drive - привод

running gear - механизм передвижения

runway - подкрановые пути

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1. How many design groups of tower cranes do you know? 2. What cranes does the first group include? 3. What is a stationary tower made of? 4. How can the cranes be shipped from site to site? 5. Where is an operator’s cab? 6. How may the trolley travel? 7. What are the cranes belonging to the second group? 8. What does the crane winding gear provide for? 9. What mechanism is a load winch equipped with? 10. Where are all mechanisms and counterweight arranged? 11. What does the running gear enable crane to do?

Тексты нефтегазовой тематики oil

Petrol stations with their lines of pumps are among the commonest sights along main roads today. Without petrol commerce and industry would soon come to a standstill. Traffic in great cities would stop, and millions of workers be unable to get or from their work. Petroleum is the name of the mineral oil that comes from under the ground and from which petrol is obtained. It is the crude oil that comes from the wells. From this crude oil we obtain the various fuels that drive ships, aircraft, and many forms of land transport.

Oil usually lies thousands of feet below the earth’s surface. There are many ways of discovering this underground oil, but the only way to be certain that it exists is to make a deep hole, called a bore-hole or a well, through the rock, earth and sand. The steel framework over the well is called a derrick. From this the machinery that makes the hole is raised and lowered. Bore-holes are often very deep. Some of them go down to a depth of two miles, or even farther. The diameter may be 24 inches at the top, and as little as 3 or 4 inches at the bottom.

Many oil-fields are hundreds of miles from the sea. As petroleum is needed in all parts of the world and has to be transported across the oceans, it is carried from oilfields to the sea in pipe-lines that may go for very large distances. The crude oil may be stored in the tanks from which ships called oil-tankers carry it to many countries.

Crude oil contains many different materials. From crude oil we obtain petrol, paraffin and other products. In many parts of the world large quantities of natural gas exist where there is petroleum. This gas can be used instead of, or in addition to, the kind of gas made from coal. Natural gas is very common in North America .

Although petrol is the fist word we think of in connection with petroleum, other oils are important. The oil fuel used in Diesel engines is much cheaper than petrol. Kerosene (paraffin oil) is another fuel obtained from petroleum.

Other products obtained from petroleum are used in the manufacture of artificial rubber, asphalt for road surfaces, light machine oil and heavy engine oil.

Vocabulary

petrol - бензин

petroleum - нефть

crude - неочищенный

bore-hole- буровая скважина

derrick- буровая вышка

obtain- получать

store- хранить

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