Environmental Biotechnology - Jordening and Winter

–

remediation technologies

316

–

special groundwater wells

319

industrial wastewater

49

–

sources 49ff.

–

treatment strategies

49ff.

industrial wastewater treatment

56, 58, 61,

69, 70, 72, 73

–

breweries

72

–

dairy industry

69

–

distilleries

73

–

potato processing undustry

65

–

protection

56

–

slaughterhouses 67

–

starch factories

61

–

sugar factories

58, 63ff.

–

treatment sequence 57

k

139

Kuenenia stuttgartiensis

29

l

laboratory scale 165

laboratory test methods

314

–

degradability of contaminants

314

laccases, depolymerisation of lignin

221

land disposal, of solid wastes

398

landfarming process

269

–

biological ex situ processes

269

landfill simulation reactors (LSR)

388

–

lysimeter tests

388

landfill systems 375

landfills, see also sanitary landfills

–

base sealing systems

384

–

classes of 382

–

402

–

control of waste input

382

–

control of water

382

–

environmental monitoring

387

–

influence of age

381

–

leachate discharge

384

–

leachate, long-term problems with

388

–

leachates

381

–

legal requirements

381

–

LSR leachate concentrations 389

–

problems of

381

–

stages of stabilisation 405

–

waste composition

380

–

waste pretreatment

382

–

waste pretreatment

383

–

water balance

380

leachates 375ff., 403, 404

–

composition of

376, 404

–

constituents

379

–

control of

384

–

controlled reduction

391f.

–

limiting concentrations

386

–

long-term problems

375, 388

–

time course of emissions

390

–

treatment

386

–

water infiltration

392

lignin

9, 17

lipids

20

loads

66

173

membrane bioreactor

411, 413, 414

–

bioscrubber 411

–

elimination capacity (EC)

414

–

empty bed contact time

413

–

mass loading rate (Bv)

414

–

removal efficiency (RE)

414

–

surface loading rate (BA )

413

–

volumetric loading rate (vs) 414

metal ion precipitation

35

metal ions

33

metals, treatment of

326, 327

–

bioleaching, of metals

326

–

bioprecipitation 327

–

phytoremediation

326

methane

7, 15, 17, 24

460

Subject Index

Methanosarcina

15

40

Microlunatus phosphoruvorus

31

organic compounds

203

mineralized sludge

8

mixed substances

87

mixers

99

modeling of biogas reactors

163

Monod equation

422

375

–

landfill systems

375

395, 396, 397, 400,

403

–

composition

397

–

definition

395

–

density of

396

–

generation rates

395

–

sanitary landfill gas

403

–

U.S. EPA regulations

400

waste, solid waste

n

natural attenuation

324, 325

–

aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX)

325

–

chlorinated ethenes

325

–

325

Neocallimastix

9

nitrate

12, 24, 27, 33

nitrate reduction

35

nitrification

8, 25, 28, 90

–

90, 91, 92

– ammonia

92

–

autotrophic

25, 26

–

growth rates

91

–

heterotrophic

26

–

inhibition

92

–

kinetic parameters

91

–

nitrous acid

92

–

operating parameters

91

–

oxygen consumption

91

– pH

92

nitritation

30

nitrite

12, 24, 26, 27, 29

Nitrobacter

25

Nitrococcus

25

nitrogen removal

83, 101ff., 102

–

intermittent nitrification–denitrification

process

108, 111

–

ORP controller

107, 108

–

post denitrification

83, 112

–

pre anoxic zone denitrificaion

83, 104

–

step-feed denitrification process

104, 106

Nitrosococcus

25

Nitrosolobus

25

Nitrosomonas europaea

28

Nitrosomonas sp.

25ff.

Nitrosospira

25

Nitrosovibrio

25

Nitrospira

25

nitrous acid

92

nonreactor composting

342f.

–

field composting 342

–

windrow composting

343

o

OHM process

297

OLAND process

30

online measurements

167

–

mass spectrometer

167

online measurements

169

– Use of HPLC 169

operating parameters

91

organic chemicals

2

organic pollutants

8

organic wastes, comparison of

362

–

aerobic composting

362

–

anaerobic digestion

362

oxidation–reduction potential (ORP)

107

oxygen uptake 90

p

Paracoccus denitrificans

27

pathway of anaerobic biodegradation 172

pathways alkane degradation

207

Pentachlorophenol (PCP)

263

pesticides

36

petroleum hydrocarbons

282

–

heap technique

279

263

Phanaerochaete

9

pharmaceuticals

39

phenol 36, 37, 282

238

–

heap technique

279

233

phosphate 24, 32

phosphate removal

31

phosphorus removal

95

pilot scale 165

Piromyces 9

plant configuration

101

– nitrogen removal

101

polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) 263

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)

263, 282

– heap technique

279

proteases

19

proteins

18, 23, 25

Pseudomonas 9, 40

Pseudomonas pickettii

37

Pseudomonas putida

40

–

amount

50

reactor composting 346ff.

–

horizontal-flow reactors with agitated

solids bed

348

–

rotating-drum reactor

349

–

vertical-flow reactors

348

reactor configurations

289

–

rotating-drum dry solid bioreactors

289

–

slurry bioreactors

289

–

reactor design parameters

145, 146, 150

–

scale-up

145

–

supports

146

–

wastewater 150

reactor operation

154

–

start-up procedure

154

recorcinol, anaerobic degradation of

241

remediation methods, classification

259

remediation technologies

316

Rhodococcus sp.

36, 40

Ruminococcus sp.

6, 9f., 14

s

sanitary landfill gas

403

–

typical constituents

403

sanitary landfills, see also landfills

Subject Index

sanitary landfills

375, 376, 379, 395, 401

–

aerobic degradation phases

376

–

anaerobic degradation phases 376

–

biochemical processes in 375

– COST 401

–

engineering features

401

–

environmental implications

395

–

leachate constituents

379

–

leachates 375f.

–

long-term stability 395

–

of solid wastes

375

sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process

83

sewage sludge

7

Sherwood number

141

silicon membrane probe 168, 170

simultaneous denitrification

83

single substances

87

sludge settling

101

sludge treatment

6

sludge volume index SVI

98

slurry bioreactors

292ff.

–

batch operation

293

–

sequential batch operation

297

–

slurry processing

292

–

the DMT–biodyn process

296

– the FORTEC process

297

–

the Huber process

297

– the OHM process

297

slurry decontamination process (SDP)

301f.

–

mineral oil breakdown

302

– PAH breakdown

301

soil bed biofilters

433

soil remediation, see also bioremediation

soil remediation

259

solid waste

solid waste 375

–

sanitary landfilling of

375

solid-state bioreactors

303ff.

–

batch operating

303

–

composting 303

–

continuous operation

304

–

degradation of kerosene

304

–

process configuraton

303

–

rotating-drum bioreactor

304

–

terranox system

305

solids retention time (SRT)

88

special groundwater wells

319

starch 17

starch factory wastewater

61ff.

462

Subject Index

–

concentrations of pollutants

–

corn starch

61

–

potato starch

61

–

wastewater amounts

62

–

wheat starch

61

stationary fixed-film reactors 135, 145

–

scale-up

145

step aeration

81

step feed activated sludge

81

stirred tank reactor 173

–

mathematical model of anaerobic

digestion

173

stoke’s theory

198

sugar factory wastewater

58, 59

–

anaerobic contact sludge processes 60

–

concentrations of pollutants

–

fluidized bed reactor

60

sulfate reducers

20, 22

sulfate reduction

35

sulfide

23, 33, 36

support characteristics 142

–

fluidized-bed reactors

143

–

support materials

149

supports

147, 146

–

fluidized-bed reactors

149

–

porous materials 149

–

stationary-bed reactors

149

Syntrophobacter wolinii

14

Syntrophomonas wolfei

14

t

technical scale 165

technology

305

– economics

305

temperature

52

terraferm technology by biological soil

treatment

276

terranox system

305

thermal soil purification 260

Thermomonospora

9

Thermophilic species

4

Thiele modulus

142

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

35

Thiosphaera

26

Thiosphaera pantotropha

27, 28

w

waste 398

–

land disposal 398

409, 410, 411, 415,

417, 421, 422, 424, 427, 428, 432

–

applications for biological systems

432

–

biofilters

429

–

biological

409

–

biotrickling filters

410, 432

–

commercial applications

427

– common forms

428

–

conversion of SO2

422

–

important characteristics of waste gas 415

–

needs

427

–

performance parameters

411

–

process principles

417

–

reactor control

424

–

reactor performance

421

–

technology

409–411

waste gas stream, characteristics of

415, 416

–

operating parameters

416

–

pollutant concentrations

416

waste management

397, 398, 399

–

definition

397

–

hierarchy

398

–

landfilling

399

–

practices

398

waste pretreatment

383

– scheme

383

industrial wastewater, municipal wastewater

wastewater 51, 150, 151

–

sanitary and employee facilities

51

–

solids in fluidized-bed reactors

151

–

solids in stationary fixed-film reactors

151

wastewater amounts 59, 62

wastewater characteristics 86

–

biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)

86