- •Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
- •Краткая история английского языка
- •Основные отличия английского языка от русского
- •Фонетика
- •Английская транскрипция
- •Произношение английских звуков
- •Гласные
- •Чтение английских букв и сочетаний букв english alphabet английский алфавит
- •Чтение сочетаний гласных
- •Holidays. Congratulations Праздники. Поздравления
- •Classroom English (Minimum)
- •Texts and topics my biography
- •Vocabulary for the topic my biography
- •Riddles
- •Our house and my flat
- •Proverb
- •My working day
- •Our university and my studies
- •Subjects предметы
- •Learn the proverbs:
- •Freshmen versus seniors
- •Riddles
- •Seasons and weather сезоны и погода
- •Learn the proverbs:
- •Seasons and weather in russia
- •Riddles
- •European part of russia
- •Bashqortostan (Bashkortostan)
- •Ufa (Advanced Level)
- •The united kingdom
- •Washington, dc
- •New york city
- •Human body
- •Body parts
- •Learn the proverbs
- •There was a little girl There was a little girl
- •Riddles
- •Health. At the doctor`s
- •Riddles
- •Clothes (clothing) is what people wear
- •Shopping
- •План диалога
- •Meals cuisine kitchen
- •Riddles
- •About the town. Traffic
- •Travelling
- •Additional vocabulary motor car (automobile)
- •Road safety slogan He looked; she didn’t. He is; she isn’t.
- •Sports and games
- •Sport contests
- •Sports and games
- •Sport in the usa
- •Football and hockey
- •Football
- •Ice hockey
- •Cycling
- •Various sports
- •Sport and health
- •Angling as a sport and a hobby
- •I go in for fishing. Angling is the art or sport of catching fish with a rod and line and a baited hook. It is amateur fishing. Chess rules Chess is an indoor game played between two players.
- •Answer the questions
- •Theatre. Concert. Cinema.Tv
- •The master and margaret
- •Jerusalem – Иерусалим; story-line – сюжетная линия; muse - муза some like it hot
- •My favourite english writer (dickens)
- •When was Charles Dickens born?
- •Irregular verbs неправильные глаголы
- •Tests for the 1st year students тексты по фонетике и правописанию
- •Variant one
- •Variant two
- •Упражнения и тесты по лексике и грамматике
- •Тесты по видам, залогам и причастиям
- •Minimum vocabulary for first term students
- •Verbs Глаголы
- •Numerals числительные
- •Riddles
- •Jokes varia
Чтение сочетаний гласных
|
СОЧЕТАНИЯ |
ЗВУКИ |
ПОЗИЦИЯ |
ПРИМЕРЫ |
|
ai, ay, ei, ey |
[ei] |
Под ударением |
rain [rein], grey [grei] |
|
ai, ay ei, ey |
[i] |
В безударном положении |
Sunday [`sʌndi] money [mʌni] |
|
ai |
[eə ] |
перед “r” |
air [eə] |
|
au |
[o:] |
|
author [`o:θə] |
|
ea, ee |
[i:] |
не перед “r” |
meal [mi:l], feel [fi:l] |
|
ea (+r), ee(+r), |
[iə] |
перед “r” |
dear [diə],deer [diə] |
|
ea |
[e] [ei] [ɜ:] |
перед “d”, “th” перед “k”, “t” перед “r”+согл. |
bread [bred] weather [`weðə] break [breik], great [greit] earth [ɜ:θ] |
|
eu |
[ju] [juə] |
перед “r” |
euphemism [`ju:fəmizm] Europe [`juərəp] |
|
ie |
[i:] |
|
field [fi:ld], но: “friend” [frend] |
|
oa |
[ou] [o:] |
перед “r” |
boat [bout] board [bo:d] |
|
oi, oy |
[oi] |
|
spoil [spoil], joy [dӡoi] |
|
oo |
[u:]
[uə] |
не перед “r”, “k” перед “k” перед “r” |
moon [mu:n], tool [tu:l] book [buk], look [luk] poor [puə] |
|
ou |
[au] [o:][auə |
в середине слова перед “r” |
ground [graund] four [fo:] или hour [`auə] |
ЧТЕНИЕ НЕКОТОРЫХ ГЛАСНЫХ ПЕРЕД СОЧЕТАНИЯМИ СОГЛАСНЫХ
Буква “a” читается как:
[o:] перед сочетанием “l”+ согласная: salt [so:lt] wall [wo:l]
(перед “k”+ согласная “l” не читается) chalk [t∫o:k]
[ɑ:] перед “f”, “n”, “s”, “t”+ согласная
staff [stɑ:f], dance [dɑ:ns], past [pɑ:st], path [pɑ:θ]
[ɑ:] перед “lm”, “lf”,где согласная “l” не читается: half [hɑ:f]
Буква “i” читается как: [ai] перед “ld’, “nd’: mild [maild], kind [kaind]
Буква “o” читается как:
[ou] “ld”, “lt”, “st”: old [ould], bolt [boult], post [poust]
[ʌ] перед “m”, “n”, “th”, “v”: come [cʌm] month [mʌn]
another [ənʌðə], glove [glʌv]
[ou] в конце слова: potato [pəteitou] hero [`hiərou]
“ough”, “augh” читаются как [o:]: thought [θo:t],daughter [`do:tə]
“igh” читается как [ai]: high [hai], fight [fait]
ЧТЕНИЕ СОЧЕТАНИЙ ГЛАСНОЙ С СОГЛАСНОЙ
|
СОЧЕТАНИЯ |
ЗВУКИ |
ПОЗИЦИЯ |
ПРИМЕРЫ |
|
aw |
[o:] |
|
paw [po:], law [lo:] |
|
ew |
[ju:] [u:] |
после“r”,“l”,”ch” “j” |
new [nju:] chew [t∫u:] jewel [dӡu:əl] |
|
ow |
[au] [ou] |
В середине В конце слова и безударное |
brown [braun] show [∫ou] window [`windou] |
|
qu |
[kw] |
|
quick [kwik] |
|
qua |
[kwo] [kwo:] |
Перед “r” |
quantity [`kwontiti] quarter [`kwo:tə] |
|
wa |
[wo] [wo:] |
Перед “r”, “l” |
want [wont] war [wo:(r)] walk [wo:k] |
|
wo |
[wɜ:] |
Перед “r” |
world [wɜ:ld |
ПРАВИЛА ЧТЕНИЯ СОГЛАСНЫХ БУКВ И БУКВОСОЧЕТАНИЙ
Согласные иногда не читаются: know [nou], who [hu], hour [auə]
Конечные звонкие согласные не оглушаются: read [ri:d]
Удвоенные согласные читаются как один звук: letter [`betə]
ЧТЕНИЕ НЕКОТОРЫХ СОГЛАСНЫХ БУКВ И СОЧЕТАНИЙ
|
|
звуки |
примечания |
примеры |
|
C |
[s] [k] |
Перед “e”, “i”, “y” Перед “a”, “o”, “u” |
center [`sentə] cinema [`sinimə] cat [kæt] cod [kod] cut [kʌt] |
|
G |
[dʒ]
[g]
[ʒ] |
Перед “e”, “i”, “y”
Перед “a”, “o”, “u” Перед согласными В нек. словах из фр..яз |
gem [dʒem] gist [dʒist] gym [dʒim] garden [`gɑ:dn] green [grin] garage [`gərɑ:ӡ] |
|
S |
[s] [z]
[ʒ] |
1. Между двумя гласными
2. После звонких согласных
3. В суффиксе -ism
Перед -ure |
strong [stroŋ] rose [rəʊz]
balls [`bɔ:lz] reads [ri:dz]
socialism [`sou∫əlizəm]
pleasure [`pleʒə] |
|
X |
[ks] [gz] [z] |
Перед согл. и в конце Между двумя гласными В начале перед гласной |
box [boks] excuse [`iks`kju:z] example [ig`zɑ:mpl] exam [ig`zæm] Xerox [`ziəroks] |
|
Ck |
[k] |
|
clock [klok] back [pæk] |
|
(t)ch,
|
[t∫] [k]] |
В словах из греч.яз. |
check [t∫ek] match [mæt∫] school [`sku:l], character [`kæriktə], chemistry [`kemistri], |
|
sh |
[ʃ] |
|
short [ʃo:t] shut [ʃʌt] |
|
th |
[θ] [ð] |
В глаголах и существительных В артиклях и местоимениях |
thing [θiŋ] throw [θrəʊ]
the [ðə] [ði] that [ðæt] |
|
ng |
[ŋ] [ŋg] |
В середине слова |
sing [siŋ] meeting [ˈmi:tiŋ] language [`læŋgwidʒ] |
|
nk |
[ŋk] |
|
bank [bæŋk] think [θiŋk] |
|
gh |
[f] [-] |
Не читается в конце слова и перед “t” |
enough [iˈnʌf] cough [kof]
high [hai] fight [fait] |
|
wh |
[w] [h] |
Перед “o” |
when [wen] white [wait] who [hu:] whole [houl] |
|
ph |
[f] |
|
philosophy [fiˈlosəfi] |
НЕМЫЕ СОГЛАСНЫЕ БУКВЫ
Буквы “g”, “k” не читаются перед “n” в начале и в конце слова:
knee [ni:] foreign [`forin]
Буквы “b”, “n” не читаются после “m” в конце слова:
bomb [bom] autumn [`o:təm]
Буква “p” не читается в сочетаниях “pn”, “ps”в словах, заимствованных из греческого языка :
psychology [sai`kolədʒi], pneumatic [nju:`mǽtik]
Буква “w” не читается перед “r” write [rait] wrong [roŋ]
Примечание 4. Наряду с этими правилами существует немало исключений. Поэтому всегда проверяйте чтение незнакомых слов по словарю.
Common Phrases Общие фразы
|
How do you do? |
|
|
Hello (Hi) |
|
|
How are you? |
|
|
I am fine |
|
|
Meet my friend |
|
|
Glad to meet you |
|
|
What are you? (I am a student) |
|
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Who are you? |
|
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What is your name? (my name is …) |
|
|
What`s his (her) name? |
|
|
I am sorry (Sorry) |
|
|
Excuse me please |
|
|
Give me … please |
|
|
Take it please |
|
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Here you are |
|
|
Thank you |
|
|
Not at all |
|
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You are welcome |
|
|
Good morning |
|
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Good afternoon |
|
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Good evening |
|
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Good-bye |
|
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See you soon. |
|
|
The bag is on the chair |
|
|
There is a bag on the chair |
|
|
|
|
|
How do you do? |
How do you do? |
|
How are you? |
I am fine. And you? |
|
I am fine too |
Good-bye |
|
Good-bye. See you soon. |
Bye bye |
|
|
|
|
How do you do? |
How do you do? |
|
How are you? |
I am fine. And you? |
|
I am fine too |
Good-bye |
|
Good-bye. See you soon. |
Bye bye |
|
|
|
|
How do you do? |
How do you do? |
|
How are you? |
I am fine. And you? |
|
I am fine too |
Good-bye |
|
Good-bye. See you soon. |
Bye bye |
|
|
|
|
Meet my friend |
|
|
Glad to meet you |
|
|
What are you? (I am a student) |
|
|
Who are you? |
|
|
What is your name? (my name is …) |
|
|
What`s his (her) name? |
|
|
I am sorry (Sorry) |
|
|
Excuse me please |
|
|
Give me … please |
|
|
Take it please |
|
|
Here you are |
|
|
Thank you |
|
|
Not at all |
|
|
You are welcome |
|
|
Good morning |
|
|
Good afternoon |
|
|
Good evening |
|
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Good-bye |
|
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See you soon. |
|