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Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ:
M .
ɷɤɜ
V
)H(
V
2
ɑɢɫɥɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɇ
2ɷɤɜ
)H(
ɪɚɜɧɨ z
2
= 2, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ
ɷɤɜ
M)(
m
M)(
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ (+1) ɞɨ 0. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɣ
ɨɛɴɟɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ Ⱥɜɨɝɚɞɪɨ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ (1.6):
(H )V
ɷɤɜ 2
4,22
=
= 11,2 ɥ/ɦɨɥɶ ɷɤɜ.
2
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɤ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɩɨ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ:
pV
Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ:
pV
120,4 745 273
(H ) 109,6 ɦɥ.
V
2
00
TT
.
0
294 760
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ:
M
ɷɤɜ
109,6
Ɇɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ Ɇ (M) = z
 M)(
M . ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɹ z
ɷɤɜ
ɷɤɜ
= 2 (ɞɪɭ-
ɷɤɜ
0,32
(M) 11200 32,7 ɝ / ɦɨɥɶ ɷɤɜ.
ɝɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ), ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ Ɇɟɧɞɟɥɟɟɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɤɨɦɵɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ – Zn (M (Zn)
= 65,4 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ).
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɬɟɫɬ 1
(Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ)
1. ɍɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ.
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. Ɇɟɞɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. Ⱥɥɦɚɡ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. Ƚɪɚɮɢɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. ȼɨɞɚ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. ɋɟɪɚ.
2. ɍɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɣ ɨɤɫɢɞ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. MnO.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. Li
2
O.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. MgO.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. SrO.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. Mn
2O7
.
21
3. ɍɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɣ ɨɤɫɢɞ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. Al
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. Na
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. SiO
2O3
O.
2
.
.
2
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. ZnO.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. Cl
2O7
.
4. ɍɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɚɦɮɨɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɨɤɫɢɞ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. N
2O5
.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. CrO.
2O3
2O5
.
3
.
.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. SO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. Cr
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. P
5. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ CaO?
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. ɋO
.
2
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. FeO.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. BaO.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. K
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. NiO.
2
O.
6. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ SO3?
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
2O5
2
.
2
2
O.
3
.
.
.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. ɋO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. SiO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. P
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. Li
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. CrO
7. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɯɥɨɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ?
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. N
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. SiO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. Al
2
2O3
O.
2
.
.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. ɋO.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. NO.
8. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ, ɜɡɹɬɵɦ ɜ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɟ?
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. Fe(OH)
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. Ni(OH)
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. Ba(OH)
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. Cr(OH)
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. LiOH.
.
2
.
2
.
2
.
3
22
9. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɨɥɶɸ?
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. CuOHCl.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. CaH
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. Pb(HSO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. Na
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. K
.
2
HPO4.
2
2CO3
.
4)2
.
10. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɶɸ?
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. NH
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. KH
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. AlOHSO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. Cr(OH)
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. Rb
Cl.
4
2PO4
2CO3
.
.
4
.
3
.
11. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɨɥɶɸ?
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
3PO4
.
4
.
.
3
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. BaHPO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. H
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. FeCl
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. CaOHCl.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. (NH
4)2SO4
.
12. Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ:
«ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɨɪɬɨɮɨɫɮɚɬ ɛɚɪɢɹ»?
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. BaHPO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. Ba
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. Ba(H
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. (BaOH)
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. BaH
.
4
(PO4)2.
3
2PO4)2
3PO4
2PO4
.
.
.
13. ɍɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤɚɹ ɢɡ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɬɶ.
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. MgO + K
O ĺ
2
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. Cu + HCl ĺ
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. ɋO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. SO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. Ag + HCl ĺ
+ SO2 ĺ
2
+ BaO ĺ
3
14. ɍɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɬ ɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɤ-
ɫɢɞɨɦ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ.
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. P
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. H
; SiO2; Ba(OH)2.
2O5
; Al(OH)3; CO2.
3PO4
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. HCl; KHCO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. MgCl
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. FeSO
; ɋO2; FeO.
2
; CO; Be(OH)2.
4
; Ni(OH)2.
3
23
15. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɤ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɭ ɧɢɤɟɥɹ (II), ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭ-
ɱɢɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɫɨɥɶ?
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
2SO4
.
2
.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. NiCl
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. H
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. HCl.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. NaOH.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. Na
2SO4
.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɬɟɫɬ 2
(Ɉɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ)
1. ɍɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ:
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. AgNO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. NH
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. Na
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. 2Na + 2H
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. SO
+ KCl = AgClp + KNO3.
3
+ HCl = NH4Cl.
3
O + H2O = 2NaOH.
2
O = 2NaOH + H2.
2
+ H2O = H2SO4.
3
2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɜ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ H3PO4.
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. (+1).
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. (+3).
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. 0.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. (+5).
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. (+4).
3. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɥɨɪɚ ɜ ɢɨɧɟ ClO
.
4
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. (+3).
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. (+7).
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. (+6).
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. (+4).
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. (–1).
4. ɍɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɚɡɨɬ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ (–3):
NF
, N2H4, HNO3, NH3, NaNO2.
3
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. NF
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. NH
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. NaNO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. HNO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. N
3
2H4
.
.
3
.
2
.
3
.
24
5. ɍɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ-ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ: KClO
+ H
o KCl + I2 + K2SO4 + H2O.
2SO4
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. KI
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. H
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. KClO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. I
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. KCl.
2SO4
2
3
6. ɍɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ-ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ: P +
+ HNO
+ H2O o H3PO4 + NO.
3
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. P.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. HNO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. H
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. H
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. NO.
O.
2
3PO4
.
3
.
7. ɇɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ
H
S ɜ SO2?
2
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. ɧɚ 4.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. ɧɚ 6.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. ɧɚ 2.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. ɧɚ 8.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. ɧɚ 5.
8. ɇɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɥɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟ-
ɧɢɢ KClO
ɜ KCl?
3
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. ɧɚ 6.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. ɧɚ 5.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. ɧɚ 2.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. ɧɚ 4.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. ɧɚ 1.
9. ɉɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ: Cu
O + Cu2S o Cu + SO2.
2
Ɉɬɜɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ.
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. 4.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. 9.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. 12.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. 10.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. 6.
+ KI +
3
25
10. ɉɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ. Ɉɬɜɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ.
+ Na2SO3 + H2SO
KIO
3
o I2 + Na2SO4 + K2SO4 + H2O.
4
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. 26.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. 16.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. 9.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. 20.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. 34.
11. ɍɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɈȼɊ:
HClO
+ SO2 + H2O o HCl + H2SO4.
4
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. Ɇɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. ȼɧɭɬɪɢɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. Ⱦɢɫɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. Ʉɨɧɬɪɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. ɗɬɨ ɧɟ ɈȼɊ.
12. ɍɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɈȼɊ:
KOH + Cl
o KClO3 + KCl + H2O.
2
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. Ɇɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. ȼɧɭɬɪɢɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. Ⱦɢɫɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. Ʉɨɧɬɪɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. ɗɬɨ ɧɟ ɈȼɊ.
13. ɍɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɈȼɊ:
(NH
4)2Cr2O7
o N2 + Cr2O3 + H2O.
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. Ɇɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. ȼɧɭɬɪɢɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. Ⱦɢɫɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. Ʉɨɧɬɪɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. ɗɬɨ ɧɟ ɈȼɊ.
14. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɯɥɨɪɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ: Cl
, NaClO, KClO2, KClO4, HCl?
2
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. Cl
.
2
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. NaClO.
26
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. KClO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. KClO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. HCl.
.
2
.
4
15. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ: Cl
, NH3, MnO2, SO2, KMnO4?
2
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. Cl
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. NH
.
2
.
3
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. MnO.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. SO
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. KMnO
.
2
.
4
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɬɟɫɬ 3 (ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ)
1. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɪɬɨɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ H3PO4,
ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ:
H
+ Ca(OH)2 = CaHPO4 + 2H2O.
3PO4
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. 3.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. 1.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. 1/3.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. 2.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. 0.
2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɢɤɟɥɹ (II), ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ: Ni(OH)
+ HCl = Ni(OH)Cl + H2O.
2
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. 2.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. 1.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. 1/2.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. 3.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. 1/3.
3. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ:
Si + 2H
= SiH4.
2
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. 2.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. 1.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. 4.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. 3.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. 0.
27
4. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɚɡɨɬɚ (ɜ ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) ɜ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟ-
2H4
.
ɧɢɢ N
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. 14.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. 28.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. 7.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. 3,5.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. 1.
5. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɦɟɞɢ (II) (ɜ ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ),
ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ:
Cu(NO
+ NaOH = Cu(OH)NO3 + NaNO3.
3)2
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. 187,5.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. 93,8.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. 375.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. 46,9.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. 62,5.
6. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ O2 (ɧ. ɭ.), ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ: S + O
= SO2.
2
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. 22,4 ɥ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2.
11,2 ɥ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. 44,8 ɥ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. 5,6 ɥ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. 2,8 ɥ/ɦɨɥɶ.
7. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɡɨɬɚ (ɧ. ɭ.), ɭɱɚɫɬ-
ɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ: N
+ 3H2 = 2NH3.
2
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. 3,73 ɥ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2.
11,2 ɥ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. 22,4 ɥ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. 5,6 ɥ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. 2,8 ɥ/ɦɨɥɶ.
8. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ: Cr
+ 2Al = Al2O3 + 2Cr.
2O3
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. 9,0 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2.
2,25 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. 27 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. 13,5 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. 6,75 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ.
28
9. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ 2,4 ɝ ɜ ɯɥɨɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɟ ɜɵ-
ɞɟɥɢɥɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɦ 2,24 ɥ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ.
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. 6 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2.
48 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. 24 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. 12 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. 36 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ.
10. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɫ 6,4 ɝ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɬɪɚɱɟɧɨ 4,48 ɥ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ (ɧ. ɭ.).
ȼɚɲ ɨɬɜɟɬ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. 16 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2.
8 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3. 32 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4. 24 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5. 64 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ.
Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ
1.1–1.10. ɇɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɨɥɶ.
ʋ
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ
ɉɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɫɨɥɶ
1.1 Mg(OH)2 ɋɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ
1.2 Ca(OH)2SO4 ɋɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ
1.3 Li2O ɏɥɨɪɢɞ ɥɢɬɢɹ
1.4 Al(OH)3
Ⱦɢɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬ
ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ
1.5 NaHCO3 Ʉɚɪɛɨɧɚɬ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ
1.6 Al(OH)3
1.7 Ca(OH)2
Ⱦɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɮɨɫɮɚɬ
ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ
ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ
1.8 BaCl2 ɋɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɛɚɪɢɹ
1.9 Na2O Ʉɚɪɛɨɧɚɬ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ
1.10 Ba(OH)2 Ƚɢɞɪɨɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɛɚɪɢɹ
29
1.11–1.24. ɍɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɵɯ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ-
K
K
K
K
r
a
r
K
a
K
r
K
a
K
a
a
K
K
r
K
K
a
ɥɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ (ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ).
ʋ ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ʋ ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
ĺ (MnO4)
MnCl
2
Fe2O3 ĺ Fe
(MoO
)2– ĺ MoSO4
4
Cl ĺ (ClO3)–
(NO
)– ĺ NH3
3
(MnO4)– ĺ MnO2
Sb
2S3
2(IO4)– ĺ I2
(VO
)– ĺ VCl2
3
HCl ĺ (ClO3)–
2Cr2O7
ĺ Cr2(SO4)3
K
HCl ĺ (ClO4)
(SO
)2– ĺ SO2
4
FeCl3 ĺ FeCl2
ĺ Sb2O5
2–
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
–
1.23
1.24
)3– ĺ (AsO3)3–
(AsO
4
PH3 ĺ P
CrCl
ĺ K2Cr2O7
3
I2 ĺ (IO3)
H
2
–
S ĺ S
(AsO3)3– ĺ (AsO4)
H
ĺ O2
2O2
(NO3)– ĺ (NO2)
-–
(ClO)
ĺ Cl–
ĺ VSO4
3VO4
)– ĺ VOSO4
(VO
3
(ClO4)– ĺKCl
(MnO
)–ĺMnO
4
(NO2)– ĺ(NO3)–
3–
–
2
1.25–1.39. ɍɪɚɜɧɹɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤ-
ɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ.
ʋ Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ
1.25 KI + NaClO4 + H2SO4 ĺ I2 + NaCl +
1.26
C
+ N
2
2O7
+ H2SO4 ĺ C
2SO3
(SO4)3 +
2
2SO4
2SO4
+ H2O
+ N
2SO4
+ H2O
1.27 Cu + HNO3 ĺ Cu(NO3)2 + NO2 + H2O
1.28 MnSO4 + PbO2 + HNO3 ĺ HMnO4 + PbSO4 + Pb(NO3)2 + H2O
1.29 SnCl2 +
1.30
2
1.31 KMnO4 + N
1.32
Sb +
1.33
1.34 Mg + HNO
1.35
1.36
Zn + (NH
ɆnɈ4 + Ɍi2(SO4)3 + ɇ2O o ɌiOSO4 + ɆnSɈ4 +
1.37
1.38 Zn + H2SO
C
+ HCl ĺ SnCl4 + KCl + CrCl3 + H2O
2
2O7
MnO4 + NaBr + H2O ĺ MnO2 + NaBrO3 + KOH
S + NaOH ĺ
2
MnO4 + N
2
MnO4 + N
2
2SO4
ɋ1O4 + H2SO4 o Sb2(SO4)3 + KCl + ɇ2O
C
+ HCl ĺ Cl2 + KCl + CrCl3 + H2O
2
2O7
ĺ Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + H2O
3 (ɪɚɡɛ)
ɆɨO4 + ɇɋ1 o Znɋ12 + Ɇɨɋ13 + NH4Cl + H2O
4)2
+ H2SO4
2SO4
P + NaIO
+ NaOH o N
3
ĺ ZnSO4 + H2S + H2O
4 (ɤɨɧɰ)
HPO3 + I2 + H2O
2
+ H2O
1.39 P + HNO3 + H2O ĺ NO + H3PO4
30
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