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Файл:Практическая грамматика английского языка = Practical English Grammar. Учебное пособие
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THE INFINITIVE
FUNCTIONS OF THE INFINITIVE
Ex. 17 1. d 2. h 3. i 4. f 5. g 6. e 7. b 8. a 9. c
PARTICIPLE I
Ex. 1 2. mocking
3. tempting
4. demanding, convincing
5. boring
6. terrifying
Ex. 4 1. exciting
2. missing
3. meeting
4. arriving
Ex. 12 2. making
3. Looking / Peering / Staring
4. smoking
5. talking / speaking
6. laughing / smiling
7. reading / looking at
Ex. 15 2. having planned / thought out
3. having killed / shot / murdered
4. having disposed of / got rid of / buried
5. Having thrown away / got rid of / disposed of
5. wishing
6. no-parking
7. wearing
8. amazing
7. humiliating
8. astonishing; worrying, thrilling
9. disconcerting
10. disappointing
11. encouraging, touching
9. rising
10. telling
11. starting
12. coming
8. looking at / speaking to / taking
no notice of
9. carrying
10. watching / looking at / staring at
11. Turning / Looking
12. Taking / Pulling
6. Having made
7. Having taken / stolen /
hidden
8. having committed
PARTICIPLE II
FUNCTIONS OF PARTICIPLE II
Ex. 2 2. opposed
3. admired
4. mistaken
5. organized
Ex. 5 1. g 2. j 3. i 4. h 5. e 6. b 7. c 8. d 9. f 10. a
6. based
7. bored
8. disappointed
9. convinced
10. limited
11. confused
12. covered
13. delighted
14. provided
15. discussed
Ex. 1 1. promising
2. interested
3. disappointed
4. exciting
5. astonishing
6. impressed
MIXED BAG ON PARTICIPLES
7. amusing
8. embarrassing
9. surprised
10. bored
11. confusing / confused
12. disappointing
321
Ex. 2 1. broken, hidden
2. having missed
3. Annoyed, demanding
4. swollen, surrounding
5. Lying, worried, depressed
6. willing
7. travelling
8. having heard
9. Having been hit
10. Having taken
11. having said
12. abandoned, leading
13. reviewing
14. being stared
15. linked
16. growing, balanced
17. Having been persuaded, including
18. Not being used
THE GERUND
FUNCTIONS OF THE GERUND
Ex. 3 1. Creating new jobs will reduce unemployment. 2. Exporting more goods
will help the economy. 3. Training more teachers will raise the level of education. 4. Providing more entertainment for young people will keep them
out of trouble. 5. Cutting taxation will help the lower-paid workers. 6. Employing more policemen will make our streets safer.
Ex. 15 Prevent from; apologize for; forget; look forward to; refrain from; involve
in; be fond of; be interested in; be accused of; deny; mind; blame for; insist
on; succeed in; promise about.
Ex. 38
Ex. 1
Ex. 3
322
1. on
2. for
3. of
1. reading
2. to give
3. watching
4. walking
5. to see
6. seeing
1. to meet
2. cry
3. speak
4. mentioning
5. to go
6. eating
4. to
5. of
6. in
7. of
8. of
9. for
10. in
11. of
12. –
13. –
14. from
15. in
GERUND OR INFINITIVE
GERUND OR PARTICIPLE I
7. getting / to get
8. having / to have
9. running
10. to make
11. to lend
12. lending
7. to study
8. to go
9. to inform
10. being given / to be given,
to change
11. walking, coming
12. to accept
13. winning
14. to win
15. to work
16. working
17. to have
18. having
16. of
17. by
18. for / against
19. fi lling in
20. to like
21. to understand
22. to turn off
13. doing
14. working
15. being
16. to overhear
17. wondering
18. to fi nd out
Ex. 4 1. to be
2. losing
3. to achieve
4. to reach
Ex. 5 1. to give
2. to leave
3. letting
4. wondering
5. to leave
5. being
6. to get
7. losing
8. reducing
6. working
7. being
8. to say
9. working
10. doing
THE MOOD
SUBJUNCTIVE II
9. lowering
10. to reduce
11. to run
12. to cut
11. telling
12. to be
13. trying
14. to work
15. staying
13. making
14. to wait
16. feeling
17. telling
18. to transfer
19. to go
20. staying
Ex. 1
Ex. 3 1. so long as
Ex. 5
Ex. 6 2. would you choose
Ex. 16 1. had got, wouldn’t need
1. arrives, shall miss
2. give, will (’ll) let, arrives
3. will ... take, order
4. don’t see, want, ask
2. unless
3. provided (that) / as long as /
so long as
4. in case
If in 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12; unless in 1, 4, 6, 11
3. would get
4. didn’t have
5. would take
6. would be able
7. Would you try
8. managed
9. would try
2. had listened / had been listening, would have heard
3. would have had, hadn’t left
4. were, wouldn’t keep on
5. hear, will think
6. stand, will (’ll) be
7. hold, will (’ll) be
8. would climb, could get
9. sees / saw, will (’ll) / would (’d) call
10. would make, didn’t worry
11. move, will (’ll) be
12. hadn’t been / weren’t, wouldn’t have broken
5. doesn’t fi t, bring, will (’ll) change
6. wait, will (’ll) see, is
7. Will I get, pay
8. take, will earn
5. provided (that) / as long as / so long as
6. Supposing
7. provided (that)
8. provided (that)
10. wouldn’t try
11. tried
12. would fall
13. had
14. would want
15. would you catch
16. didn’t have
17. would be
18. wouldn’t hurt
19. didn’t eat
20. Would ... be
21. would fi nd
22. didn’t speak
23. would enjoy
24. would begin
323
Ex. 24 1. were
2. had come
3. were
4. were
5. had died
6. had moved,
had been left
7. didn’t believe,
hadnʼt believed
8. couldn’t fi nd
9. had been praised
10. had been
11. had been given
THE CONDITIONAL MOOD
12. were
Ex. 7 1. would give, wouldn’t give, would give
2. should dine
3. would set
4. should have written
5. wouldn’t lose
6. would have preferred
THE SUPPOSITIONAL MOOD AND SUBJUNCTIVE I
Ex. 11 1. should have disappointed
2. should get / should have got
3. shouldn’t come
4. should lose, should strike
5. should be discovered
6. should be sent
7. should disgrace
8. should hear
7. would have thought
8. should use
9. would have preferred
10. shouldn’t waste
11. would have been
12. shouldn’t have bothered
9. should say
10. should make
11. should talk
12. should have
been involved
REFERENCE LIST
1. Богуславская, Г.П. Практическая грамматика английского языка. 1 курс /
Г.П. Богуславская [и др.]. Минск, 1992.
2. Горбунова, Е .В. Английская грамматика в коммуникативных упражнениях /
Е.В. Горбунова, С.Г. Дубровская. М., 1985.
3. Грызулина, А.П. Практикум по грамматике английского языка для
заочников / А.П. Грызулина [и др.]. М., 1992.
4. Ельникова, Е.П. Продолжайте совершенствовать свой английский /
Е.П. Ельникова [и др.]. М., 1988.
5. Каушанская, В.Л. Сборник упражнений по грамматике английского
языка / В.Л. Каушанская [и др.]. Л., 1968.
6. Качалова, К.Н. Практическая грамматика английского языка /
К.Н. Качалова, Е.Е. Израилевич. Киев, Т. 2. 1995.
7. Новицкая, Т.М. Практическая грамматика английского языка / Т.М. Но-
вицкая, Н.Д. Кучин. М., 1979.
8. Памухина, Л.Г. Деловая поездка за рубеж / Л.Г. Памухина [и др.]. М.,
1989.
9. Руцкая, В.Ф. Практическая грамматика английского языка (вторая
специальность) / В.Ф. Руцкая [и др.]. Минск, 1989.
10. Archer, J. A Quiver Full of Arrows / J. Archer. Hodder & Stoughton, 1989.
11. Archer, J. A Twist in the Tale / J. Archer. Hodder & Stoughton, 1989.
12. Cotton, D. International Business Topics / D. Cotton. Walton-on-Thames,
1989.
13. Davies,
14. Firman, S. Penguin Students’ Grammar of English Exercises / S. Firman,
R. Bosewitz. Harmondsworth, 1988.
15. Jones, L. Functions of English / L. Jones. Cambridge, 1981.
16. Medvedeva, L. English Grammar in Proverbs, Sayings, Idioms and Quota-
tions / L. Medvedeva. Kiev, 1990.
17. Murphy, R. English Grammar in Use / R. Murphy. Cambridge, 1992.
18. Norman, S. Financial English / S. Norman. London, 1987.
19. Soar, J. Headway. Intermediate / J. Soar, L. Soar. Oxford, 1990.
20. Swan, M. The Cambridge English Course. Practice Book 3 / M. Swan, C. Wal-
ter. Cambridge, 1988.
21. Thornbury, S. How to Teach Grammar / S. Thornbury. Harlow, 2012.
P. Framework for First Certifi cate / P. Davies. Sevenoaks, 1986.
CONTENTS
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
THE NOUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
The plural of nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
The possessive case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
THE ARTICLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
The indefi nite article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
The defi nite article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
The zero article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
THE ADJECTIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
THE ADVERB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
THE PRONOUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Personal pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Possessive pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Refl exive pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Demonstrative pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Relative pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Indefi nite pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
THE QUANTIFIER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
THE NUMERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Cardinal numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Ordinal numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
THE VERB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
The Active Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
The Present Simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
The Present Progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
The Past Simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
The Past Progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
The Future Simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
The Future Progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
The Present Perfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
326
The Present Perfect Progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
The Past Perfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
The Past Perfect Progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
The Future Perfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Mixed bag on the active voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
The Passive Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Mixed bag on the voices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
The Modals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Can, could and be able to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
May, might and be allowed (permitted) to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Must . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Have to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Ве tо . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Will and would . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Shall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Should and ought to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Mixed bag on modals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
The Infi nitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Functions of the infi nitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Participle I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Functions of Participle I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Participle II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Functions of Participle II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Mixed bag on participles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
The Gerund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Functions of the gerund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Gerund or infi nitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Gerund or Participle I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
The Mood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Subjunctive II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
The Conditional Mood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
The Suppositional Mood and Subjunctive I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
KEY ANSWERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
REFERENCE LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Учебное издание
Симхович Валентина Александровна
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
PRACTICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Учебное пособие
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Компьютерная верстка А.Н. Бабенковой
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