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Файл:Практическая грамматика английского языка = Practical English Grammar. Учебное пособие
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Ex. 6
1. (a) a, (b) a, (c) the, (d) the, (e) the,
(f) the
2. (a) a, (b) a, (c) a, (d) the
3. (a) a, (b) a, (c) the, (d) the
4. (a) a, (b) the, (c) a, (d) the, (e) the,
(f) the
5. (a) an, (b) a, (c) the, (d) the, (e) the,
(f) the
Ex. 10
1. Irishmen / the Irish
2. the Norwegians
3. Frenchmen / the French
4. the Spaniards
5. the Finns
6. the Swedes
7. the Japanese
8. the Germans
9. Scotsmen / the Scots
or Scotchmen / the Scotch
10. Welshmen / the Welsh
Ex. 13 1. Women, men
2. tea, coffee
3. The old, the young
4. Most people, marriage, family life
5. the compass, ancient China
6. simplicity
7. violence
Ex. 14 1. the
2. –
3. –
Ex. 19
1. –
2. –
Ex. 21
1. a, a
2. a, the
3. the
4. –
5. –
6. the
3. the
4. –
4. the, the, the
5. –, the
6. a, the
Ex. 22 1. the, the
2. –
3. –
4. the, –
Ex. 27
1. the
2. –
3. –
4. the
5. the
6. the
7. the
8. the
9. the
10. the
7. the
8. the
9. –
5. –
6. the
7. –
8. –, –, the
11. the
12. the
13. –
14. the
15. the
5. the
6. –, the
7. a
8. the
9. the
6. (a) a, (b) a, (c) the
7. (a) a, (b) the
8. (a) a, (b) a, (c) the
9. (a) a, (b) the, (c) the, (d) a, (e) the
10. (a) a, (b) a / the, (c) the
11. the Chinese
12. the Belgians
13. Dutchmen / the Dutch
14. the Italians
15. the Estonians
16. the Greeks
17. the Americans
18. the Israeli
19. the Egyptians
20. the Belarusians
8. Life, electricity
9. The fi sh
10. The beds
11. crime, unemployment
12. Business, work, goods, services
13. The business
14. Commerce, activities, things
10. –
11. the / –
12. –
9. – , the
10. –
11. The, –
12. The, the
16. the
17. the
18. the
19. the
20. the
13. the
14. –
15. –
7. the
8. –
10. a, an
11. The, the
12. a, the
21. the
22. –
23. the
24. The
25. the
16. –
17. –
18. the
9. –
10. the
13. the, the
14. a / the, the, a, the
15. a, a
13. The, the
14. –, –
15. –
16. –
26. the
27. –
28. –
29. –
30. the
19. the
20. the
11. –
12. the
31. –
32. –
33. the
34. –
311
Ex. 28
1. the
2. The
3. –
4. –
5. the
6. The
7. the
8. The
9. a
10. a
11. the
12. A
13. the
14. –
15. the
16. A
17. –
18. a
19. the
20. A
21. the
22. the
23. A
24. a
25. an
26. the
27. The
28. –
29. an
30. a
THE ADJECTIVE
31. the
32. the
33. –
34. the
35. An
36. the
37. the
Ex. 2 1. upset
2. slow
3. intolerant
4. good
Ex. 23 1. the latest
2. the most impressive
3. smaller
4. more spacious
5. the most comfortable
Ex. 24
Ex. 25
1. older
2. more expensive
3. older
4. better
1. lower
2. more disappointing
3. old
4. cheaper
5. safe
6. ungrateful
7. boring
8. dusty
5. the cheapest
6. as good / so good
7. –
8. more powerful
5. the most important
6. more effi cient
7. more fl exible
8. more worrying
THE ADVERB
Ex. 3
Ex. 6
Ex. 12 2. occasionally / sometimes
1. unusually quiet
2. seriously ill
3. completely / totally changed
4. happily married
5. reasonably cheap
6. totally / completely destroyed;
fully insured
1. enough room
2. warm enough
3. enough chairs
4. clean enough
3. frequently /often
4. usually / generally
5. always / continually
5. enough food
6. enough experience
7. attentive enough
8. low enough
9. angry
10. quiet
11. valuable
12. important
6. the fastest
7. the most economical
8. more
9. better
10. more effi cient
7. extremely enormous
8. bitterly sorry
9. badly planned
10. slightly damaged
11. absolutely disappointed
6. sometimes / occasionally
7. rarely / hardly
8. occasionally / sometimes
9. would never / wouldn’t ever
13. high
14. new
15. overseas
16. low
11. easier
12. the safest
13. (the) most reliable
14. the best
9. easier
10. the most expensive
11. the least expensive
12. farther
9. more and more critical
10. biggest
11. the highest
12. the best
9. enough qualifi cations
10. self-confi dent enough
11. enough money
12. disappointing enough
312
Ex. 15 1. higher
2. more slowly
3. the most deeply
4. better
5. the most freely
6. the most, the hardest
Ex. 18 2. extremely / very
3. never
4. best / fastest
5. well
6. daily / regularly
7. recently / lately
8. harder / longer / more
9. farther / longer
10. hardly
7. the most carefully, the most sensibly
8. the most effi ciently, the least
9. the most persuasively
10. the most apologetically, the most unreasonably
11. the most clearly, longer
12. the most favourably, the most enthusiastically
11. very / extremely / quite
12. very / extremely
13. very / extremely
14. close
15. very
16. Luckily / Fortunately
17. ever
18. seriously / badly / severely
19. successfully / safely
THE PRONOUN
Ex. 3 2. blame herself
3. repair ... myself
4. burn yourself
5. help yourselves
6. look after ourselves
Ex. 5
Ex. 6 1. Carol has a lot of gadgets, most of which she doesn’t know how to use.
1. A priceless painting, which was stolen over 25 years ago, has been discovered in a house in Berkshire. 2. Simon Walsh, whose father is the Conservative MP for Lower Trauton, appeared at Manchester Crown Court today, charged with driving without a licence. 3. Amateur radio enthusiast
Paul Little, who heard the SOS signal on his transmitter, saved the lives
of nine Spanish seamen last night. 4. Cardinal Onzo of Brazil, with whom
the Archbishop of Canterbury had talks / who (whom) the Archbishop
of Canterbury had talks with, left Heathrow this morning. 5. The Winstons,
whose house was demolished by mistake, have received more than $200,000
compensation from their local council. 6. The famous 1930s beauty Nancy
Loughborough, for whom the well-known song Beautiful was written / who
(whom) the well-known song Beautiful was written for, has died in her sleep
at 82. 7. Mrs. Brenda Tyler, who lost more than 35 kilos in six months, has
been nominated Slimmer of the Year. 8. Heavy snow, which fell unexpectedly during the night, has blocked most roads in the north of Scotland.
2. There were a lot of people at the party, only a few of whom I had met
before. 3. He gave us a lot of information, most of which was useless.
4. Roger tried on three jackets, none of which fi tted him. 5. Chris has a lot
of friends, many of whom he was at school with. 6. They have got three cars,
two of which they never use. 7. I have sent her fi ve letters, neither of which
7. kick myself
8. talks to himself
9. cut himself
10. locked themselves
11. hurt himself
12. teach ... myself
13. do ourselves
14. buy yourself
15. defend yourself
313
has arrived. 8. Norman won $30,000 in the lottery half of which he gave
on charity. 9. Two men, neither of whom I had seen before, came to my offi ce. 10. Ten people, none of whom were suitable, applied for the job.
11. Tom made a number of suggestions, most of which were very helpful.
Ex. 7
1. someone / somebody
2. something
3. anywhere; anyone / anybody, any
4. anything
5. anyone, anything / anybody, anything
6. anything, anyone / anybody
8. anyone / anybody
9. some
10. Anyone / Anybody
11. anywhere, any
12. any
13. anybody / anyone
7. anywhere
Ex. 8 1. no
2. anything
3. anyone / anybody
4. anywhere
5. none
6. Nothing; anything
7. Nowhere
Ex. 9 1. Neither
2. either of
3. Both / Both of
4. Neither of
5. Neither
6. both of
7. both of
8. Either
8. None
9. No one / Nobody, anything
10. Nothing
11. no one / nobody
12. No
13. none, any
14. none
9. both
10. neither of
11. either
12. both; Both; Both of
Ex. 10 1. They were both tired and hungry. 2. He is either Spanish or Italian. 3. Nei-
ther Tom nor Ann came to the party. 4. George neither smokes nor drinks.
5. That man’s name is either Richard or Robert. 6. I’ve got neither time nor
money to go on holiday. 7. The hotel was neither clean nor comfortable.
8. Both the front and the back of the house need painting. 9. Advertised
as “an original comedy” the fi lm was neither original nor amusing.
10. We can leave either today or tomorrow. 11. He gave up his job both for
a change and a low pay.
Ex. 11 1. Everyone / Everybody
2. Everyone / Everybody; everything
3. everything
4. everyone / everybody
5. all
6. everything
Ex. 12 1. us
2. me
3. their
4. them
Ex. 13 1. who
2. whose
Ex. 15 1. your
2. this
3. us
4. who
5. your
6. her
7. her
8. her
3. which
4. whom
5. anyone
6. him
7. whose
8. everyone
9. his
10. him
11. him
12. my
5. whom
6. whose
9. each other
10. those
11. yourself
12. our
7. All
8. All
9. All
10. Everyone / Everybody
11. all (everything is also possible)
12. everything
13. yours
14. you
15. him
16. her
17. his
18. hers
19. mine
20. yours
21. yours
22. you
7. who
8. which
13. something
14. us
15. myself
16. everyone
314
THE QUANTIFIER
Ex. 1 1. many
2. much
Ex. 2 1. a lot of
2. much
3. many; much
Ex. 3 1. much
2. a lot of / lots of / plenty of /
a number of
3. many / a lot
4. a lot of / lots of / a number of / many
5. much / a great deal of / a lot of
6. many
Ex. 4 1. plenty of
2. plenty of
3. a great deal of
4. a great deal of / plenty of
5. a great deal of
6. A number of / Plenty of
7. a number of
Ex. 5 1. a few
2. a little
Ex. 6 1. (a) a few
2. (a) little
3. (a) few
3. many
4. many
4. A lot of
5. a lot of
6. a lot of
3. a little
4. a few
(b) little
(b) a few
(b) little
5. much
6. much
5. a little
6. a few
(c) a few
(c) a little
(c) few
7. many
8. much
7. a lot of
8. much
9. Many
10. a number
11. a number of / a lot of / lots of
12. plenty of / a lot of / lots of
8. a number of
9. plenty of
10. a number of
11. plenty of
12. plenty of
13. A number of / A great deal of
(d) a little
10. a lot of
11. many
12. much
7. a lot of / lots of / a number of
8. much / a great deal of / a lot of
9. many
7. a few
8. a little
Ex. 8 1. any
2. (a) any (b) some
3. some
4. (a) any (b) some
5. any
6. (a) some (b) some (c) any
Ex. 9 1. quite a few
2. a little
3. few
4. several / quite a few / a few
5. any
6. several / quite a few / a few
7. little
8. fewer
9. some / quite a few
10. less
11. any
12. several / quite a few / a few
13. several / a few / some
14. any
315
THE NUMERAL
Ex. 12 (Table A = Table B)
A
Births Name Deaths Name
1863 Henry Ford 1946 John Keynes
1879 Einstein, Stalin 1947 Henry Ford
1883 John Keynes 1953 Stalin
1889 Chaplin 1955 Einstein
1902 Ray Kroc 1963 Kennedy
1909 Peter Drucker 1977 Chaplin
1912 Milton Friedman 1984 Ray Kroc, Indira Gandhi
1915 Paul Samuelson 2005 Peter Drucker
1917 Jonh Kennedy, Indira Gandhi 2006 Milton Friedman
1925 Margaret Tatcher 2009 Paul Samuelson
1954 Hugo Chavez 2011 Steve Jobs
1955 Steve Jobs 2013 Margaret Tatcher, Hugo Chavez
THE VERB
THE ACTIVE VOICE
THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Ex. 8 House 12: Mrs. Evans; married; tortoise and rabbit; red wine; comics.
House 14: Mr. Russel; widower; dog; lager; detectives.
House 16: Miss Barclay; spinster; cats; orange juice; love stories.
House 18: Mr. Mayer; bachelor; parrots and canaries; cocktails; Shakespeare’s chronicals.
House 20: Mr. Baker; married; racoon; whisky and soda; fi ction stories.
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Ex. 6 1. is coming; don’t want
2. don’t believe
3. grow, aren’t growing
4. fl ows
5. is fl owing
6. am learning; is teaching
7. are getting
8. am catching; leaves
316
9. are going; Are you coming
10. is staying; stays
11. are thinking
12. is doing
13. is working out, underestimate
14. is making
15. is chairing
Ex. 10 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. b 7. b 8. b 9. a
Ex. 12 1. (a) are you making (b) smells (c) am trying
(d) sounds (e) cut (f) just add
(g) makes (h) tastes (i) doesn’t look
2. (a) do … think (b) fi nd (c) is always making
(d) never listens (e) know (f) mean
(g) feel (h) think (i) is trying
(j) only succeeds / is only succeeding
3. (a) are ... waiting (b) expect (c) is having
(d) is always going (e) am not waiting
(g) Are ... coming (f) don’t want
4. (a) see (b) is going (c) know
(d) am seriously considering (e) don’t often use (f) does ... think
(g) agrees (h) doesn’t like
5. (a) do … work (b) think (c) am doing
(d) are pressing (e) enlarges (f) need
(g) is working
6. (a) is seeing (b) Is … expecting (c) have
(d) are running (e) don’t expect (f) don’t min
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
Ex. 8 1. burnt, was cooking
2. was reading, heard
3. took, didn’t look
4. didn’t go out, was raining
5. fell, was painting
6. wasn’t driving, happened
Ex. 11 1. was hanging out
2. started
3. was wiping
4. lost
5. fell off
6. was washing
Ex. 14 1. was mending
2. walked
3. asked
4. thought
5. stopped
6. was doing
7. wiped
8. followed
9. was
7. were you doing
8. broke; was doing, slipped
9. was still ringing, rushed
10. was playing, used
11. was, used to work/was working
12. was walking, called
7. rushed
8. knocked over
9. let
10. was talking
11. managed
12. was doing
10. found
11. was recruiting
12. sounded
13. was trying
14. talked
15. sounded
16. was getting
17. thought
18. was getting
13. cut
14. was peeling
15. reserved
16. forgot
17. bumped
19. only took
20. sat
21. made
22. had
23. tried
24. fell
25. had
26. stayed
27. was sitting
317
28. decided
29. didn’t stay
30. knew
31. were waiting
32. saw
33. were
34. were fl ying
35. got
36. made
37. arrived
38. walked
39. was putting
THE FUTURE SIMPLE
40. hardly recognized
41. were playing
42. knew
43. saw
44. went
Ex. 10 1. will succeed
2. fi nish, will be
3. will tell, get
4. comes, ’ll take
5. catch, will ... be
6. will come
7. Will ... tell, rings
8. will be, phone
9. am, will understand
10. shall / will wait, are
THE PRESENT PERFECT
Ex. 12
Ex. 16 1. has bought; did she get
Ex. 19
1. for
2. for
2. have found; did you fi nd
3. have dropped
4. fell / have fallen
5. have settled on; decided
6. used
1. has already seen; saw
2. planted; have died; didn’t water
3. bought, haven’t worn
4. have done; did you do
5. has lived
6. have just had; fi nished
7. have broken; did you manage
8. Have ... spoken; spoke / have spoken
3. Since
4. for
5. for
6. since
THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
11. ’ll get, depends
12. won’t change, is
13. don’t manage, ’ll have
14. will reach
7. for
8. since
9. since
10. for
7. has got, applied
8. have heard; was
9. signed, has not begun
10. have predicted
11. started, have increased
12. have watched; was
9. has never played, played /
used to play
10. did you meet; met
11. sold
12. has happened; was
13. has come
14. insisted
15. have settled on
16. have applied
11. since
12. since
13. for
14. since
Ex. 8 Possible answers:
B il l: What have you been doing?
B il l: what did you hear?
B il l: Have you phoned your parents about it?
B il l: Have you collected our suitcases?
B il l: Have you got in touch with the airport staff to clear out the situation?
B il l: I did either.
318
Ex. 10
1. have been waiting
2. has been writing; has written
3. has broken
4. have been cleaning; have cleaned
5. has been working / has worked
6. have been living
7. has had; has been staying
THE PAST PERFECT
8. has been
9. has been exploring
10. has been
11. has always worked; has been working
12. have been purchasing
13. has been; has been seeing
14. have recently seen. have been
learning
Ex. 10
1. went
2. hadn’t been
3. arrived
4. spent
5. had had
6. saw
7. had shared
8. had lost
9. called
10. looked
11. turned
12. realized
13. had
14. saw
15. went
16. explained
17. had got
18. wasn’t
MIXED BAG ON THE ACTIVE VOICE
Ex. 3 1. (a) is recovering (b) was taking (c) jumped
(d) pulled (e) was playing / had been playingt (f) happened
2. (a) think (b) started (c) burnt
(d) called (e) arrived (f) had fallen
(g) are now demolishing
3. (a) have protested / are protesting (b) drive / have been driving
(c) complained (d) make (e) haven’t been able (f) are always breaking
(g) will be (h) doesn’t stop
4. (a) has died (b) had lived / had been living (c) taught / had taught
(d) retired (e) will take
5. (a) will be collecting / are collecting (b) hope (c) will have raised
(d) said (e) need (f) will help (g) are looking
6. (a) will open / is to open (b) has written (c) will be signing /will sign
Ex. 4 2. found
3. had been dripping
4. was
5. saw
6. called
7. answered
8. went
9. hasn’t come
10. will (ʼll) tell
11. comes
12. don’t expect
13. will (ʼll) be
14. hung
15. sat
16. rang
17. believe
19. felt
20. hadn’t passed
21. had had
22. thought
23. had
24. got
25. began
26. had happened
18. called
19. have you been
20. demanded
21. have (ʼve) been
waiting
22. have you been
doing
23. answered
319
24. had
25. was driving
26. have (’ve) only just
got
27. haven’t even had
28. is getting
29. said
30. are you going to re pair
MIXED BAG ON THE VOICES
31. Don’t worry
32. replied
33. will have
34. will come
35. put
36. went
37. was still dripping
38. had (’d) put
39. emptied
40. sat
41. picked
42. was dialing
43. rang
44. said
45. think
46. will (’ll) have
Ex. 2 2. was delayed
3. didn’t arrive
4. was ... waiting
5. had double-booked
6. are staying
7. is … being built
8. are woken up
9. does ... happen
10. doesn’t work
11. were getting
12. was cut off
13. didn’t seem
14. hasn’t done
15. Do … know
16. has been
17. took
18. Have ... been
19. found
20. had forgotten
21. didn’t speak
22. is raining
23. am writing
THE MODALS
MIXED BAG ON MODALS
Ex. 2 1. would / will / could / can
2. shouldn’t / ought not to
3. may, can
4. should / ought to
5. can; can’t; must
Ex. 3 1. will; shouldn’t / mustn’t,
won’t be able to / can’t
2. can’t, would / used to
3. must
4. might
5. should / ought to
24. have had
25. don’t want
26. did ... remember
27. doesn’t matter
28. doesn’t surprise /
didn’t surprise
29. have been playing
30. won’t be
31. don’t think
32. will be coming / will
come
6. will, will
7. must, can’t
8. will / shall
9. should
10. was to
6. Would ... like; would
7. must / have to; need not / don’t have to
8. Shall / May / Can / Could; can, shall
9. will / can; could
10. could / were able to
11. mustn’t
12. might / should / ought to
13. should / ought to
14. will, shall / will
15. should
320
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