Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Практическая грамматика английского языка = Practical English Grammar. Учебное пособие
.pdf
long. 5. To a teenager who swears in public. 6. To a roommate who plays
computer games all night. 7. To a neighbour who has noisy parties. 8. To a
person who can’t travel by air as he easily gets sick. 9. To a peer who likes
to visit expensive restaurants. 10. To a peer who spends all his money
on presents to his girlfriend. 11. To a peer who asks the boss irrelevant
questions. 12. To a peer who is always late for work and make your head
furious.
11. Work in pairs. Give advice to your friend who complains that he is
getting fat.
Example:
I’m getting fat as I usu al-
You should take up walking.
ly go to work by car. (walk)
1. I don’t like walking but I want to lose weight. (cycle) 2. I like having
an extra hour of sleep in the morning. (jog) 3. On days off I like sitting in the
armchair doing nothing. (garden) 4. I am dreaming to have a comfortable
cruise round the Caribbean. (sail) 5. In May I’m spending a fortnight in Las
Vegas. (camp) 6. In summer I like lying in the sun for hours. (swim)
7. In winter I prefer to stay indoors as I don’t want to catch a cold. (skate
or ski) 8. I like staying in the country watching animals. (ride on a horse)
9. I adore mountains but from the window of a room in a fi ve-star hotel
overlooking them. (mountaineer) 10. Girls refuse to go to a disco with me;
they consider me awkward. (dance) 11. I like watching the sea with large
waves. (windsurf)
12. Answer the following questions about one’s likes and dislikes.
Example:
Why do you never wear
I simply hate wearing a hat.
a hat? (hate)
1. Why do you play tennis every day? (enjoy) 2. Why do you never go to
the theatre? (not like) 3. Why do you take so many photos? (like) 4. Why
do you always wear jeans? (love) 5. Why does Ann chat on-line every night?
(enjoy) 6. Why do you never fl y? (hate) 7. Why do you always stay alone
over the weekend? (enjoy) 8. Why do you never drive a car? (dislike) 9. Why
don’t you work in the evenings? (hate) 10. Why don’t you go to the
mountains to spend the holiday? (not like) 11. Why do you always cook for
the whole family but never wash up? (love, hate) 12. Why do you never
shop? (can’t stand)
13. Work in pairs. Explain why somebody couldn’t help doing it.
Example:
You fell asleep! I was too tired that I couldn’t
help falling asleep.
261
1. She heard our conversation! 2. You came in late! 3. Tom woke up the
people in the next fl at! 4. Molly mixed up appointments! 5. The secretary
interrupted me! 6. The line manager put off some urgent work! 7. The
assistant lost important documents! 8. The accountant made mistakes in the
balance sheet! 9. The bank clerk transferred money to a wrong account!
10. Chris wrecked the talks! 11. The fi rm applied for a bank loan! 12. You
broke the contract!
14. Translate the following sentences into English, using the gerund
as part of a verbal predicate.
1. Ты бы занялся виндсерфингом, если действительно хочешь похудеть. 2. Терпеть не могу стоять в очереди, особенно если она длинная!
3. Продолжайте, пожалуйста, мы все внимательно вас слушаем.
4. Не люблю, когда мне лгут! 5. Коллеги, прекратите шуметь, пожалуйста, я пытаюсь сосредоточиться над докладом. 6. Мисс Робертс не могла не перепутать счета – она такая невнимательная! Я думаю, что она
пока не заслуживает повышения зарплаты. 7. Менеджеры с удовольствием руководят другими людьми, но не любят, когда им противоречат. 8. Ты уже закончил делать перерасчет? 9. Она терпеть не может,
когда ей указывают на ошибки. 10. Из-за падения спроса на нашу продукцию мы терпим большие убытки. В таких условиях мы не могли
не обратиться в банк за кредитом, но это нам не помогло. Мы продолжаем нести убытки.
15. Read the sentences. Make a list of the verbs and expressions after
which the gerund is used as an object.
1. The rain prevented us from completing the work. 2. He apologized
to Mrs. Brown for making her wait for him. 3. I’ll never forget arriving
in Venice by ship the fi rst time. 4. We are looking forward to seeing you
again in Madrid. 5. People should be asked to refrain from smoking in public
places. 6. There are many diffi culties involved in following such a course
of action. 7. Jack is very fond of pointing out other people’s fault. 8. Alison
is not interested in looking for a new job. 9. The government was accused
of playing down the potential hazards associated with the mining. 10. For
many years Swiss banks denied receiving deposits from criminal sources.
11. Would you mind my making a suggestion, boss? 12. The manager didn’t
blame me for not fulfi lling the clauses of the contract but he insisted
on knowing the whole truth. 13. I always had an impression that they would
succeed in developing the markets in South Asia. 14. The government was
unable to promise about lifting restrictions in the nearest future.
262
16. Ask somebody to do something for you. Treat him or her as a friend
but not as a very close friend.
Example:
You need a good street
map of the town, but you
haven’t got time to go to
Robert, would you mind
going to the bookshop to buy
a good street map for me?
the bookshop.
1. You feel like eating some chocolate, but can’t be bothered to go and
buy it yourself. 2. You want to go to the theatre, but don’t know when the
performance starts. Get someone else to ring up for you. 3. You are not well
and can’t go to university. Ask to phone the Dean’s offi ce to warn about
missing classes. 4. You have some work to fi nish. You can’t talk to a peer for
30 minutes. Ask him or her to come back later. 5. You are busy and can’t talk
to a visitor for two or three minutes. Ask him or her to wait. 6. You’re
on your way to a lecture. You can’t talk until it’s fi nished. Ask your friend
to wait until then. 7. You’re going to Scotland for the weekend. Get your
friend to call your landlady and tell her. 8. Your airline fl ight departure needs
to be confi rmed, but you can’t go to the travel agent’s yourself. Ask your
peer to do it for you.
17. You are staying at a hotel. You have just come out of the bathroom
and found that all your money, documents, clothes and belongings have
been stolen. All the hotel staff seems to be off duty. It’s 6 a.m. and your
plane to Chicago leaves in three hours, at 9 a.m. – you must be on that
plane. Try to get the guest(s) in the next room to agree to help you.
Before making a polite request, think of the problems you have to solve
(you may use prompts). In making a polite request use the gerund after
the verb mind.
Example:
Would you mind helping me?
Prompts: you have lost your passport and airline ticket; you are a funny
size and the other guests’ clothes won’t fi t you, this means that you can’t leave
the room; you have to let your partners know what has happened, etc.
18. Work in pairs. Answer the questions using the gerund as an object.
Example:
Your friend was late.
Did he apologize?
Yes, he apologized for being late. /
No, he didn’t apologize for being
late.
1. Dave is now living in a cold climate. Is he accustomed to that? 2. The
Browns have a dog. Who is responsible for taking care of it? 3. At dinner
263
Jack pushed the jug with sauce and spoilt Christine’s new dress. Did
he apologize for that? 4. Britons usually have their biggest meal in the
evening. Are you used to that? 5. I’m inviting you to eat out in an Italian
restaurant. Would you object to? 6. When a student, your father was
dreaming to set up his own business and turn it into a multinational company.
Did he succeed in that? 7. In her green years your mother was dreaming
to run a company producing stuffed toys. Did she succeed in doing it well?
8. The director of the Management unit of Leeds University is going to your
University to conclude a treaty on cooperation. You’re the Dean of the
Management Faculty. Are you looking forward to that? 9. The fi rm’s
representative did not sign the contract with the IBM. Did the manager
blame him for that? 10. The customer was badly served at the Gateway. Did
she complain to the shop-owner of that? 11. Some European companies
signed contracts at breakeven prices. They were accused of that, weren’t
they? 12. The proposal adopted in the country doesn’t encourage foreign
capital investment. Do you think the government will be criticized by foreign
companies for that?
19. Respond to your friend’s suggestion saying whether you (don’t) feel
like doing something.
Example:
Let’s go for a walk. I don’t feel like going for a walk.
1. Let’s take the dog out. 2. I’m going to the cinema. It’s a Hollywood
blockbuster on. Will you go with me? 3. Let’s go to a restaurant to try
seafood. 4. Let’s try some oysters. And how about trying snails? 5. Let’s
move the piano. We need more space for the party. 6. I’m going to the tennis
court. Would you like a game with me? 7. Let’s climb the hill. We can have
a magnifi cent view from there. 8. Let’s walk round the town if we are to stay
here for a week. 9. Next summer we are going to take up hiking. Will you
join us? 10. The car wouldn’t start, let’s walk to the place.
20. Work in pairs. Say that your friend sympathizes unnecessarily.
Example:
You have to get up at six!
Oh, I’m used (I’ve got used)
to getting up at six.
1. You have to walk ten miles a day! 2. You have to cycle for hundreds
of kilometers! 3. You have to wade through swamps! 4. You have to canoe
down rivers! 5. You’re married to a Japanese. You have to eat raw fi sh like
the Japanese! 6. Because of your job you have to go to bed late at night!
7. You have to work overtime! 8. You have to concede to your deputy! 9. You
have to stay on after work to participate in discussions about the quality
of your products! 10. You have to work in strained circumstances!
264
21. Respond to the situation saying that you suggested doing something.
Example:
You’re two hours late.
Why didn’t you leave at
once?
Well, I suggested leaving at
once, but my friends wouldn’t
hear of it.
1. You’ve missed the train. Why didn’t you hire a taxi? 2. You were
going to marry. Why didn’t you tell your parents about it? 3. You remember
a man watching the neighbour’s cottage in a blaze from under the tree.
Why didn’t you attract the police attention to him at once? 4. You’re short
of money but you are staying at the Savoy. Why didn’t you look for
a cheaper hotel? 5. You knew your friend’s car would develop engine
trouble during the race. It might have caused a crash and the driver’s
injury. Luckily it didn’t. Why didn’t you tell your friend about the engine
trouble before the race? 6. I remember your applying for a job with
no success, but it happened six months ago. Why didn’t you have another
try? 7. You were badly served in the travel agency. Why didn’t you
complain to the manager? 8. The fi rm had trouble with the taxation
department. Why didn’t you consult a lawyer? 9. In July the company lost
a million dollars trading with some Latin America countries. Why didn’t
you inform the top executive about the loss at once? 10. You knew for sure
that Mr. Carter had presented a forged cheque to get the money. Why
didn’t you accuse him of it at once?
22. Speak about one’s plans, using the gerund as an object.
Example:
I’m planning to buy a
home cinema. And you?
And I’m thinking of buying
a karaoke system.
(buy a karaoke system)
1. Phil’s parents are going to spend the holiday somewhere warmer. And
Phil? (hike in the Highlands) 2. Kate is thinking to start a singing career.
And Betty? (work as a model) 3. I’m going to buy an iPhone. And you? (buy
an iPad) 4. Bob and Tom are going fi shing to Norway next May. And
Marion? (start a course of cooking) 5. I’m planning to buy a BMW after
having my salary increased. And you? (buy a Lexus) 6. Mr. Ridgeway, the
bank executive, was going to fi nd the thief of the Liberty bonds himself. And
his bride Emma? (consult Hercule Poirot about his trouble) 7. Gerald
is thinking of travelling round the Middle East. And Larry? (write a book
about one’s experiences there) 8. I’m going to get a job in an oriental country.
And you? (move into a country with a colder climate) 9. Under the
circumstances the fi nance manager is thinking to accept the company’s
bankruptcy as granted. And the head manager? (consult a lawyer to avoid
265
great losses) 10. To make both ends meet Ian is going to work overtime. And
Max? (fi nd a highly paid job) 11. We’re planning to beat Japanese in the
oriental markets by selling more goods. And you? (become partners
in Japanese enterprises) 12. To get higher profi ts we’re planning to increase
oil production in the North Sea. And you? (expand business to post-Soviet
states)
23. Say that you share your neighbour’s opinion.
Example:
I expect he didn’t want to
miss the train.
Yes, I believe he was afraid of
missing the train.
1. I expect Sandra didn’t want to walk in the rain and get wet as she
easily catches cold. 2. I suppose he didn’t want to make things worse.
3. I think Isabel didn’t want to be punished and sent to prison. 4. I expect
Sam didn’t want to cause a scandal by asking this question. 5. I think
he didn’t want to give false evidence. 6. I expected Nick didn’t want to be
seen at the stadium. He told the boss he was ill. 7. The newcomer is very
shy so, I expect, he doesn’t want to bother anybody in the offi ce. 8. Mr.
Steinback has recently been appointed manager of the department so he
doesn’t want to make a mistake in running it. 9. I suppose he won’t criticize
the deputy head to make the relations tense. 10. I’m sure Lesley didn’t want
to lose her job after being promoted. 11. I think he didn’t want to forge his
father’s signature. 12. I suppose he didn’t want to sell the company’s knowhow.
24. Work in pairs. Answer the following questions to explain why
somebody did it.
Example:
The movie was boring.
Why did you wait till the
end?
Well, my girlfriend enjoyed it
so she insisted on waiting till
the end.
1. Why did you go on holiday when you were badly needed in the fi rm?
2. He forged a cheque to borrow $100,000 from the bank. Why did he do
that? 3. The company diversifi ed into the areas favoured by the government,
didn’t it? 4. You got the costs up by at least 10%, didn’t you? 5. Why did the
Japanese businesses introduce the practice of promoting by seniority?
6. When the recession came, why did Shell maintain the work force intact?
7. The conditions became favourable for business, but your factory didn’t
stop sacking workers, did it? 8. The company had increased wages, but the
workers went on strike. Why? 9. You signed the petition of the trade union
acting against the company’s interests, didn’t you? 10. Yes, our company
produced the machine. After buying the machine you tailored it to your
266
needs that possibly caused your injury. The company was not liable for the
rebuilt product now. Why did you demand the compensation?
25. Translate the following sentences into English using the gerund as an
object.
1. Курильщики считают курение опасным для здоровья, но продолжают курить. 2. Ты бы лучше помог передвинуть принтер, вместо того
чтобы стоять и давать советы! 3. Вы не возражаете, если господин
Картер будет присутствовать при нашем разговоре? 4. Макс привык
всегда спрашивать коллег о том, что ему непонятно. Это иногда раздражает, но я не помню, чтобы ему отказались помочь. 5. Они не могли простить мне, что зря потратили столько времени. 6. Я не возражаю
подождать Ника еще полчаса, но Келли предлагает начать совещание
прямо сейчас, без Ника. 7. Спасибо, Марта, что напомнили мне
о встрече с управляющим банком. Вы прекрасно справляетесь с обязанностями секретаря и заслуживаете поощрения. 8. Рабочие были недовольны решением владельца автозавода, поэтому профсоюз настоял
на проведении забастовки. 9. Форд не боялся делать ошибки, но он
учился и на чужих ошибках. Поэтому он достиг таких успехов в руководстве компанией. 10. Джека обвинили в получении денег по фальшивому аккредитиву. Сначала он отрицал подделку финансовых документов, но после проведения экспертизы вынужден был признать себя
виновным.
26. Train asking special questions to the following sentences where the
gerund is used attributively.
1. She hates the idea of wasting time. 2. If he refuses, what’s the use
in asking him to come to the party? 3. Ray’s habit of excluding from the
conversation didn’t help him. 4. She is like a child who understands the
mechanism of striking matches to start a fi re, but has no conception of the
roaring holocaust of fl ame. 5. The English take pleasure in talking about
their bad weather. Indeed, they almost take pride in it. 6. Is there any hope
of getting tickets for the 10.25 train? 7. When you telephoned Mr. Bush
he was just on the point of leaving the offi ce. 8. Paul had no intention
of selling his car. 9. I can’t make out the reason for his rejecting the offer.
10. She has a reputation for making good reports. 11. Roy has pleasure
in dealing with people, that’s why he works in the personnel department.
12. What are your grounds for including Phil in the list of internal applicants
for the vacancy? 13. The mayor made another public statement for the
purpose of clarifying the new tax proposal. 14. Sally advised you to take
precautions against getting into trouble, didn’t she?
267
27. A. You are applying for the job of a personnel manager. There is a
questionnaire provided by the fi rm to test your abilities, skills and
knowledge. Answer its questions.
1. Do you have any experience:
a) in working with people?
b) in running personnel?
2. Do you possess the ability of organizing people?
3. What is the best method of motivating people?
4. Do you possess the ability of organizing non-human resources?
5. What techniques of forecasting, planning, coordinating and controlling
do you know?
6. You consider the habit of interrupting people as irritating, don’t you?
7. When you are angry, are you in the habit of:
a) raising your voice?
b) trying not to show it in any way?
c) trying to begin to work or to fi nd something else that will help you
forget you are angry?
8. When you dislike a person:
a) you try to avoid meeting him / her;
b) you don’t change the way of being as polite to him / her as possible;
c) you tell him / her openly.
9. Are you in the habit of smiling very often, almost every time you see
someone?
10. When you make a mistake:
a) you frankly admit it;
b) you try to fi nd others to blame;
c) you try to fi nd excuses for having made a mistake.
11. If there is a possibility of training more at Harvard University, will
you snatch at it?
12. You are absorbed by the idea of reaching the top of managerial
hierarchy, aren’t you?
13. Suggest the best way of spending free time.
B. You are an HR-manager. Analyze the answers and suggest if your
peer can or cannot be hired.
28. Work in pairs. Express surprise that somebody fi nds diffi culty in
doing something.
Example:
Tom can’t make compliments to young girls.
Does he really fi nd any dif fi culty in making compli ments
to young girls?
268
1. Women usually have diffi culty in making decisions. 2. Jake can’t ask
and give reasons. 3. He can never pigeonhole things. 4. Ted hasn’t put his
ideas into practice yet. 5. She never fi nds it easy to make people follow her
advice. 6. It’s very diffi cult for me to overcome my superstitions. 7. It’s very
diffi cult for everybody to generalize about nationalities. 8. When I buy
something in the market it’s rather diffi cult for me to charge a price. 9. Mike
has been working as a personnel manager for fi ve years but he still considers
it diffi cult to choose the right person for the right job. 10. Besides, Mike
can’t talk to the employees severely. 11. A British executive working
in Germany fi nds it diffi cult to modify his employment policies because
of the German liking for system and formality. 12. Richard simply can’t give
instructions to his subordinates.
29. Discuss with your peer it there is (not) a chance, possibility for somebody.
Example:
I hope Max will enter
university this year.
Yes, I think (No, I don’t think)
Max has a chance of entering
university this year.
1. I hope you’ll visit your parents in late January. 2. I suppose Jack will
work at a scout camp in Canada this summer. 3. I’m sure, after passing the
TOEFL Jim will study at an American university. 4. Bert is idling away his
time instead of getting ready for statistics. I don’t think he’ll pass the exam.
5. I hear your group has got ready to take over Australia’s CRA, hasn’t it?
6. Are you going to set up a joint venture with Toyota to build small cars?
7. I believe Don will get a job in AgroChemicals. 8. Your father has been
working for the advertising agency for ten years. How do the prospects for
his promotion look? 9. If you meet your bank manager, he’ll give you good
advice how to borrow money. 10. I suppose the company must export
a larger proportion of its output next year. 11. I think if you apply to the fi rm,
you’ll be sent the catalogues and price lists needed. 12. It is important for
both sides that Mr. Meyland should be involved in making arrangements.
30. Explain why somebody did it.
Example:
Do you know why he was
in a hurry?
Sure, I know the reason for
his being in a hurry. He was
about to miss the train.
1. Why did she refuse to stay at the hotel? It’s rather comfortable.
2. I wonder why she eavesdropped our conversation. 3. I wonder why
he refused to organize the reception for the peers. 4. A week ago Miss Brown
changed her will and made Jane her heiress. Do you know why she did it?
269
5. Youngsters like the computer but Sue is still completely ignorant of
computer technology. Do you know why? 6. Do you know why Patrick
rejected such a promising offer to work for the IBM? 7. Why did Morris
give false evidence in court? 8. Mrs. Carter was very tenacious of her
opinion, but Charles made her change it. Why did he do it? 9. Do you happen
to know why Sheila changed her job? 10. Why didn’t he charge a fee for the
services we were provided with? 11. Why did the World Bank shift the focus
of aid away from transport, power and communications projects in 1982?
12. Why was Chase Manhattan taking a minority stake in Simon & Coates?
13. I can’t make out why Alex refused to join the General Electric. Can you?
14. The deputy always has objections to making changes. Do you know why?
31. Translate the dialogue using the gerund attributively.
– У меня мало надежды на то, что я получу эту должность.
– Почему ты так считаешь?
– У меня есть все основания так предполагать. Во-первых, я не могу
понять причину, по которой меня не включили в список кандидатов
от фирмы (internal candidates). Говорят, я опоздал с подачей заявления.
Я не придумываю оправдания для несвоевременной подачи, но у меня
не было никакого представления об открытии вакансии. Кроме того, я в
это время был в отпуске! А у тебя была бы возможность подать заявление в срок, если бы ты отдыхал где-то в глуши, где нет интернета?
– Трудно поверить, что где-то еще нет интернета. Ну, а во-вторых?
– Я работаю в аудиторской компании уже шесть лет, и опыт работы
с документами у меня достаточно богатый, но у меня нет опыта работы
с людьми. И потом, ты же знаешь мою привычку говорить начальству
правду в глаза! А какое начальство будет поощрять такую привычку
у подчиненного? Вот и скажи сейчас, есть у меня причины для волнения или нет?
32. Complete the following sentences with the gerund to say how it is
(was) done. Mind the preposition by.
1. Sometimes teenagers get into trouble with their parents ... (keep bad
companies). 2. Peter got out of doing the work ... (pretend to be ill). 3. She
tried, ... (stare into the glass), to see the expression on the man’s face.
4. We show other people that we are happy ... (smile). 5. Emily stayed awake
the whole night ... (drink black coffee). 6. I cut short his lamentations ...
(suggest that we should start work). 7. Hardy began his report ... (explain the
situation in the North). 8. We got the project fi nished ... (work sixteen hours
a day). 9. In Egypt a TV company decided to have another attempt at the
equality of the sexes ... (allow women to announce serious events as well
270
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]