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Файл:Практическая грамматика английского языка = Practical English Grammar. Учебное пособие
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in the company, had been spoken well of by all men. 13. Though the
chairman was surprised by his subordinate’s visit, he didn’t show it.
14. When the home sales manager was offered money for signing the
contract, she refused it with indignation.
12. Translate the following sentences into English using the past
participle as an adverbial modifi er.
1. Он говорил только тогда, когда к нему обращались. 2. Хотя ее и
уважали, она чувствовала себя неловко среди этих людей. 3. Письмо
было неразборчиво, как будто было написано в спешке. 4. Если вашему
сыну дать шанс, он станет таким же знаменитым футболистом, как Роналдо. 5. Марта остановилась, пораженная новостью. 6. Если бы я был
предоставлен сам себе, я бы упустил шанс получить высшее образование. Когда мне рассказали о преимуществах профессии референта-переводчика, я немедленно подал документы в университет. 7. Когда мне
назвали стоимость обучения в Гарварде, я решил поступить в школу
бизнеса при нашем университете. 8. Хотя мы и удивились появлению
нашего босса на работе в такой ранний час, мы не показали этого.
9. Когда Джейн предложили деньги за подписание невыгодного для
ее компании контракта, она отказалась и сообщила о взятке в антикоррупционный комитет.
MIXED BAG ON PARTICIPLES
1. Complete the following newspaper article choosing an appropriate
participle from the two given in brackets.
When I fi rst saw his work, I thought David Lennox seemed a (1)
(promising / promised) young director. So, I was (2) (interesting / interested)
to see his latest fi lm, Vermilion. I was not (3) (disappointing / disappointed).
The story is very (4) (exciting / excited), the special effects are (5)
(astonishing / astonished), and I was most (6) (impressing / impressed)
by the photography. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said of Tell
Me Another, Freddie Dash’s latest fi lm. Advertised as “an original comedy”,
it is neither original nor (7) (amusing / amused). In fact, some of the jokes
are so bad as to be almost (8) (embarrassing / embarrassed). I was not (9)
(surprising / surprised) that most of the audience appeared totally (10)
(boring / bored) by the end, as the story is most (11) (confusing / confused).
I am sorry to say that it is a most (12) (disappointing / disappointed) fi lm.
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2. Insert an appropriate participle of the verb given in brackets. Mind
the forms of Participle I.
1. She cut her foot on a piece of ... (break) glass, half ... (hide) in the
sand. 2. I found it diffi cult to follow the serial, ... (miss) the fi rst episode.
3. ... (annoy) by the constant interruptions, the Minister refused to
continue, ... (demand) that the trouble-makers leave. 4. The river, ... (swell)
by the heavy rains, burst its banks and fl ooded the ... (surround) countryside.
5. ... (lie) in bed, ... (worry) and ... (depress), Sarah started to think once
again about the problem. 6. Students ... (will) to take the exam should give
their names to the Principal by Friday. 7. Anyone ... (travel) without a ticket
may be fi ned up to $100. 8. She didn’t want to hear the story again, ... (hear)
it all before. 9. ... (hit) by a huge wave, the boat turned over. 10. ... (take) the
machine into pieces, Alan found he couldn’t put it together again. 11. And ...
(say) this in her offi cial and impersonal tone of voice, the chambermaid then
grinned, winked and vanished. 12. There was a long line of ... (abandon)
trucks and carts on the road ... (lead) up to the bridge. 13. Mary could feel
Elizabeth ... (review) their hopes and dreams, their relationship as sisters.
14. She averted her eyes each time she found herself ... (stare) at. 15. If …
(link) to a colour monitor, this laptop can be used as a desktop model.
16. A … (grow) child needs a … (balance) diet. 17. … (persuade) four
banks, ... (include) the Bank of China, decided to lend them $10 billion.
18. … (be used) to the company culture, he found it hard to fi t in.
3. Translate these sentences into English using either Participle I or
Participle II.
1. Если роман экранизировать, он будет иметь большой успех.
2. Сколько времени хранятся вещи, оставленные в камере хранения?
3. Во время проведения испытаний новой модели специалисты обнаружили несколько скрытых дефектов. 4. Я не желаю, чтобы вы подписывали контракт без согласия предприятия-производителя! 5. Мы бы хотели, чтобы товары были упакованы в большие металлические контейнеры, промаркированы нашим логотипом и отправлены морем. 6. Так
как он не занимается поставками, он не смог ответить на вопрос представителя компании-партнера о сроках поставки запчастей. 7. Вернувшись после ланча на работу, Кейт обнаружила дверь в офис запертой.
8. Джейк такой человек, который лучше работает, если ему предъявляют жесткие требования. 9. Безбилетные пассажиры могут быть оштрафованы на сумму до ста долларов. 10. Разработав хороший бизнесплан, компания смогла привлечь больше заказчиков. 11. Войдя в приемную президента корпорации, Ричард поздоровался с Тоби, который
уже ждал его. Тоби, раздраженный долгим ожиданием, только холодно
кивнул в ответ. Секретарша, улыбнувшись обоим, пригласила их прой-
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ти в кабинет. 12. Самые важные решения, которые принимаются органами, определяющими политику МВФ, требуют подавляющего большинства голосов.
THE GERUND
Form Active Passive
Indefi nite I like reading. Nobody likes being thought
a fool.
Perfect He admitted having told lies. He denied having been criti-
cized.
NOTES
1. After the verbs want, need, deserve, require and the adjective worth
the Gerund is used in its active form though it is passive in the meaning:
The equipment needs repairing.
The fi lm is worth seeing.
2. After the verbs excuse, forgive, remember, thank and after the
prepositions on (upon), after, without the Gerund Indefi nite may be used
to denote a prior action:
Excuse my interrupting.
After doing his homework he went for a walk.
EXERCISES
1. State the form of the gerund. Translate the sentences into your own
language.
1. Has he tried checking the oil in the engine? 2. The secretary asked if I
would mind waiting for a few minutes. 3. Jack laughed. Their being bothered
amused him. 4. I’m tired of being treated like a silly fat lamb. 5. It is better
to die as the result of being worn out with activity than as the result of doing
nothing. 6. I appreciated being invited to your corporate party. 7. I did for
a moment examine the possibility of Roger not having been good at his job
and inventing the story as an excuse for having been sacked but I kept
my mouth shut. 8. These happy events occurred without any recommendation
having been made by Dick, and indeed without his having been offi cially
informed. 9. For many years, the banks denied having received deposits
253
from criminal sources. 10. Furious with his employees for turning up late
each morning, the manager decided to have a serious talk with them.
11. In 2013 Tourism Queensland launched a campaign to fi nd a suitable
“Island Caretaker” for Hamilton Island. Situated in the Great Barrier Reef,
the island requires one worker to take on the “best job in the world”, with the
only duties being to report on their experience through regular blog, photo
and video updates, along with feeding the fi sh, cleaning the pool and
collecting the mail!
2. Agree with what is suggested.
Example:
The printer doesn’t work.
It’s necessary to repair it.
Yes, it needs (wants, requires)
repairing.
1. It’s diffi cult to take photos with your camera. You should adjust it.
2. The phone is about to switch off. You should charge it. 3. You can’t go to
work like this; your shoes are dirty. It’s necessary to clean them. 4. The
waiter has kept us for an hour waiting for the meal. You should punish him.
5. The librarian forgot to fulfi ll my order. You should reprimand her. 6. The
job is very urgent. You should do it now. 7. The secretary has been very
helpful. You should praise her. 8. You can’t go to the formal dinner in a
crumpled suit. It’s necessary to press it. 9. What a mess in your offi ce! You
should tidy it up. 10. Though Max isn’t an experienced negotiator he didn’t
make many concessions. You should praise him. 11. The photocopier
is working badly. It’s necessary to repair it. 12. Steve was rude to the man
who was an important client. You should sack him.
3. Work in pairs. Answer the following questions using the gerund.
Example:
Do you think it’s a good
fi lm to see?
Yes, the fi lm is (not) worth
seeing.
1. Some people don’t like the idea of trying Indian food as it’s very hot
and juicy. Do you? 2. The boys did not play football in the garden because
they were afraid of breaking a window, weren’t they? 3. I hear you’ve read
all the books by Hailey. Are they interesting? 4. Do you think I’ll make
an attempt to do the examination? 5. Do you consider the idea of rafting
rather interesting to discuss it right now? 6. Is Westminster Abbey a “must”
for all visitors of London? 7. You’re saying they are very interesting people.
Shall I invite them to the party? 8. Ron doesn’t usually carry his passport
with him. Recently he has had trouble with the police, hasn’t he? 9. Do you
advise to get the Wi-Fi in the offi ce? 10. Will it be of any use to try another
method of choosing the personnel? 11. I hear Roy Wilkins is rather
experienced in carrying out marketing researches. Shall we entrust him with
254
doing the job? 12. Sheila has proved her self-confi dence in making optimal
decisions for the company. Do you think she shall be promoted?
4. Give an invitation to the partner to accept it or not. Use the gerund
as an object.
Example:
play chess – What (How) about playing chess?
– Yes, that’d be lovely. (I’d love to, but I’m
afraid I have some work to do.)
Prompts: come to the party; eat out in a Chinese restaurant; go for
a drive in the country; chat on-line; stroll round the market; insure one’s life;
draft a report recommending some course of action for the company; apply
this method in retailing; place the question of employees’ representation
on the agenda of the annual meeting; buy the freehold of the land to extend
the factory; view the group’s pretax profi ts.
5. Act out the following dialogue. Mind the use of the gerund.
Bill who is sorting through the Friday morning mail talks to Jane.
В i l l: Hey Jane! Have you seen this?
J a n e: Seen what?
В i l l: This leafl et about the new Sports and Leisure Centre at Bracklebury.
Jane: No.
В i l l: It’s due to open on Monday.
J a n e: Really.
В i l l: Yes, listen to this: “Interested in keeping fi t and meeting people?
Do you enjoy playing competitive sport and getting rid of all those extra
inches around the waist? You do? Then how about joining us for a game of
squash after a day at the offi ce? Your new Sports and Leisure Centre caters
for sportsmen and women of every size and shape. It’s so easy to join. But
hurry! There’s such a demand for membership that we’ll be turning people
away soon!”
J a n e: That’s just sales talk. Anyway, you know how I detest playing
squash. I’m the wrong shape. I don’t feel like doing anything except
lounging in an armchair when I get home from work.
В il l: Ah, but wait till you hear this: “If you don’t fancy running around a
gym, then what about going for a swim in our heated swimming pool? Or try
using our Sunlamp Studio and get a genuine, all-over tan! It’s even better
than lying on the beach!” Sounds fantastic, doesn’t it? Or maybe you’d rather
be busy doing nothing. Keeping fi t actually makes me feel healthier.
J a n e: Actually I wouldn’t mind going swimming, and don’t forget
I have started jogging occasionally.
В i l l: With the emphasis on occasionally ...
255
FUNCTIONS OF THE GERUND
Functions Indicators Examples
Subject Riding a bike is my
favourite pastime.
It’s no use doing it.
Part of a com pound
nominal predicate
modal After the verbs and
verbal phrases denoting
modality: can’t stand,
can’t help, like, expect,
want, intend, etc.
aspect After the verbs
pre dicate:
Part of a compound verbal
Object Would you mind my sit-
Attribute Always preceded by a
manner with the prepositions
time with the prepositions
attendant
cir cumstances
Adverbial mo di fi er of:
denoting beginning,
duration or end of the
action: begin, continue,
fi n i s h , cease, go on,
give up, keep on, stop,
etc.
preposition
by, in
after, before, in, at,
on (upon)
with the preposition witho ut
All he wanted was
getting out of here.
I like reading at meals.
I couldn’t help smiling.
The baby started crying.
He kept on asking till
she agreed.
ting here?
He had no desire of
seeing her again.
He broke the silence by
co ug hing.
On hearing the bell, she
went to open the door.
She could talk about impersonal things without
turning the conversation
into a lecture.
256
EXERCISES
1. Make sentences with the same meaning using a gerund phrase as the
subject.
Example:
1. It is interesting to learn about other cultures. 2. It is fun to travel
by boat. 3. My favourite pastime is to ride a bicycle. 4. Is it diffi cult to learn
to drive a car? 5. It’s not easy to work out a business plan. 6. It’s hard to ask
him for help. 7. It’s always been very dangerous to climb the western slope
of Everest. 8. Is it important to be polite to all clients? 9. Our aim is to get
money for a start-up. 10. It’s obligatory to offi cially confi rm the company’s
profi ts at the end of the fi scal year. 11. In some countries it is traditional
to pay people to facilitate the passage of a business deal. 12. Today’s
businessman frequently meets situations where it is diffi cult to square his
business interests with his moral conscience. 13. It’s easy to talk about
having high moral standards but sometimes it’s very diffi cult to stand
by your principles.
2. Join the two sentences to make one sentence with a gerund as the
subject.
Example:
1. He never goes out. That must be boring. 2. Carol often plays tennis.
It’s her pastime. 3. They share a fl at. This sometimes causes arguments.
4. Tom doesn’t have any friends. This must make him lonely. 5. He didn’t
get the job. It depressed him. 6. Use a washing machine with a full load.
It saves money. 7. Anne is a teacher. It requires a lot of patience. 8. Phone
people at times when you know they’re busy. It makes your conversations
shorter. 9. Invite people to tea or coffee instead of dinner. It saves money.
10. The employees turn up late each morning. It has made the manager
furious. 11. Mark delivers lectures at Stanford University. It takes up a lot
of his time. 12. Colin is a system analyst. It requires good mathematical
ability. 13. He’s a manager. It’s hard work. 14. Tom is a computer
programmer. He earns a lot of money.
It’s important to have
go od friends.
Sandra’s a nurse. It’s hard
work.
Having good friends is impor tant.
Being a nurse (nursing) is hard
work.
3. Read the politician’s speech and write down his solutions to the
problems as given in the example.
Example:
We are going to build a
cottage. It will require a
lot of time.
Building a cottage will require a lot of time.
257
“Today we are faced with many problems, both social and economic.
What are we, the Government, going to do about them? (1) First of all,
we are going to create new jobs. This will reduce unemployment. (2) Then
we must export more goods, which will help the economy. Of course, the
future of the country is in the hands of the young, (3) so we intend to train
more teachers, and this will raise the level of education. (4) We must also
provide more entertainment for young people. This will keep them out
of trouble. (5) In addition, we plan to cut taxation, and this will help the
lower-paid workers. (6) Finally, we are going to employ more policemen,
which will make our streets safer.”
4. Using the gerund as the subject speak about the ways of saving mo ney.
Invent your own ways of saving money.
Example:
Invite people to tea or
coffee instead of dinner.
Inviting people to tea or
cof fee instead of dinner is a
way of saving money.
1. Exchange homes with a foreign family on holidays. 2. Learn to do
your own simple plumbing and electrical repairs. 3. Drive smoothly, without
sudden stops and starts – it uses less petrol. 4. Put the phone in an
uncomfortable noisy place. 5. Borrow books from the public library instead
of buying them. 6. Knit your own sweaters. 7. Learn to do your own hair.
8. Buy fewer newspapers and magazines – you probably don’t read them all
anyway. 9. Don’t use a dishwasher or a washing machine without a full load.
10. Take showers instead of baths. 11. Drink water instead of expensive soft
drinks. 12. Don’t drive when you can walk. 13. If you have a garden, grow
your own vegetables and fruit. 14. Make your own jam and marmalade.
15. Be very careful about turning lights off when they are not needed.
5. Work in pairs. Answer the questions to compare the following.
Example:
Which is easier: to speak
English or to speak Hindi?
Speaking English is easier
than speaking Hindi.
1. Which is more important: to come to class in time or to get an extra
hour of sleep in the morning? 2. Which is more satisfying: to give gifts or to
receive them? 3. Which is more fun: to operate a glider or to drive a car?
4. Which is more expensive: to travel by bus or to travel by air? 5. Which
is easier: to entertain other people or to be entertained? 6. Which is more
fun: to fret and fi dget waiting in a bus queue in the boiling sun or to amuse
yourself by watching the various expressions on the faces of the other people
in the queue? 7. Which is easier: to earn money or to spend it? 9. Which
is more diffi cult: to run a company or to run its department? 10. Which
258
is more diffi cult: to set up a company or to develop it into a multinational?
11. Which can bring better results: to negotiate with a business partner or to
argue with him? 12. Which is more profi table for a European car-maker:
to sell cars in home markets or to sell them in developing countries?
6. Work in pairs. Answer the questions explaining why it’s no use
(good) / it’s a waste of time doing something.
Example:
Shall I water the plants
now?
It’s no use (good) watering
the plants now. It’s raining.
1. Do you agree that a child shouldn’t jest with edged tools? 2. Phil is not
a coward. But is there anybody or anything that can threaten him? 3. Will
you persuade Ruth to join us? 4. Being a bodyguard is hard work. Have you
warned Brian of the danger he can face as a bodyguard? 5. Why did they
go to the country to spend a day off? It was drizzling all day long. 6. Harry
has been unemployed for three years. Is he still hoping for help from the
local government? 7. Did Jane ask the boss to take the Friday off before your
holiday begins? 8. I see no reason to argue with the partner. Do you? 9. The
visitor can’t say that he is dissatisfi ed with the service here, can he? 10. Are
you going to complain to the manager of his employee’s rudeness?
11. I wonder if a shop assistant will lose temper any time he / she serves
a fastidious and particular customer. 12. Will you make an attempt to be
open with your peers?
7. Translate the following sentences into English using the gerund as the
subject.
1. Ежедневное плавание является хорошим способом поддержания
физической формы. 2. Продолжать переговоры было бесполезно, и мы
согласились их прервать. 3. Не стоит даже и пытаться списывать на экзамене – наш преподаватель обязательно заметит! 4. Вы бы пожаловались владельцу ресторана на грубость официанта. Здесь не принято
грубить. 4. Открытие филиала в одной из стран Юго-Восточной Азии –
цель нашей компании на данном этапе. 5. Увеличение объема продаж
товаров на внутреннем рынке дает фирме больше прибыли, чем их экспорт в соседнюю Польшу. 6. Создание новых рабочих мест в данном
регионе снизит уровень безработицы. 7. Внедрение новых видов продукции является важным условием выживания компании.
8. Insert the appropriate form of the gerund used as part of a compound
verbal predicate. Mind the form of the gerund.
1. Nobody can go on ... (live) without some belief. 2. John intends ...
(buy) a new house. 3. All children hate ... (go) to the dentist’s. 4. The Browns
259
enjoyed ... (give) parties. 5. Do you think the grass needs ... (cut)? 6. When
he told me that everybody had made fun of him, I couldn’t help ... (feel)
sorry for him. 7. The doctor advised she’d give up ... (eat) starchy foods.
8. His parents suddenly burst out ... (laugh). 9. I believe nobody likes waiting
and catching. 10. She did not like ... (plunge) back into a slave state. 11. Tom
continued ... (work) after his illness. 12. The accountant postponed ... (go
through) the calculations. 13. I just couldn’t stand ... (be) away from you any
longer. 14. Alan doesn’t want ... (work) for the company as they don’t offer
him any fringe benefi ts.
9. Make a polite request according to the model.
Example:
Your neighbour likes playing loud music late at
night. Ask him not to do it.
Would (Could / Will) you
stop playing loud music late
at night?
1. You don’t want to listen to the girls discussing their private matters too
loudly in a bus. Ask them not to do it in public. 2. Your fellow-passenger
is smoking. You can’t stand smoking so you ask him not to smoke. 3. Another
fellow-passenger is listening to the loud music that gets on your nerves. Ask
him to stop the music. 4. You’re having a party after moving into a new fl at.
Every fi ve minutes one of your guests moves his chair scratching the fl oor.
Ask him not to move the chair. 5. Your girlfriend is very fond of formal
parties where she can wear her best dresses, and you simply hate them. Ask
her not to go to those parties. 6. You’ve met a boy at a party. He wants
to attract your attention by calling you “sweet”. Ask him not to do it. 7. Your
secretary is in love with the boy who lives in Australia. Every day she phones
him from the offi ce. Ask her not to use the offi ce phone for private calls.
8. You’re in a hurry willing to check out. The receptionist is talking on the
phone. Having waited for ten minutes you ask to stop it. 9. You’re getting
ready for the annual meeting with stockholders. You can’t concentrate on the
report because your secretary is speaking on the phone too loudly. Ask her
to stop it.
10. Give advice to some people using the gerund as part of a compound
aspect predicate. Begin the sentence with you’d better stop (give up) ... .
Example:
To your girlfriend who
spends hours talking on
You’d better stop (give up)
talking on the phone for hours.
the phone.
1. To a friend who smokes too much. 2. To a non-experienced driver who
drives very fast on icy roads. 3. To a light sleeper who always drinks coffee
before going to bed. 4. To your roommate who listens to Ramstein all day
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