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Файл:Практическая грамматика английского языка = Practical English Grammar. Учебное пособие
.pdf
13. Translate the following sentences into English using the Past Progressive.
1. Когда случился нефтяной кризис, компания оказалась в тяжелом
положении: спрос на ее продукцию падал, падала и прибыль, и соответственно зарплата снижалась, персонал увольнялся. – Что вы производили? – Мы делали эксклюзивные аксессуары из кожи: портмоне, сумки, ремни. 2. Мы собирались за город на пикник. В то время как я готовил машину, а жена укладывала провизию, дети бегали по всему дому,
дразнили собаку и мешали нам. 3. Как раз в тот момент, когда Джек переходил дорогу, из-за угла появился автомобиль. Джек сразу понял, что
у водителя проблемы с управлением. 4. Извини, я не слушал тебя, я думал о другом. 5. Весь прошлый год покупатели привыкали к стремительно растущим ценам. 6. Всю прошлую неделю группа бизнесменов
из Польши находилась в нашем городе. Они изучали возможности сотрудничества в сфере малого бизнеса. 7. Ник раньше был не очень надежным сотрудником: он всегда откладывал важные дела на самый последний момент. 8. Весь прошлый месяц они пытались найти решение
этой проблемы. 9. Вчера мне нужно было увидеться с нашим руководителем отдела по одному неприятному вопросу. Однако, когда я к нему
пришел, у него в кабинете уже кто-то был. Я ждал в приемной окончания этой встречи, и мне было слышно, что с каждой минутой наш босс
все больше и больше сердился: он даже повысил голос. Естественно,
что после такой встречи у него не было никакого желания обсуждать
мой вопрос. 10. Дон только сейчас безработный. Я помню, что в это время в прошлом году он работал на заводе, что в 100 километрах от дома.
Чтобы прокормить большую семью, часто работал сверхурочно.
14. Test yourself. Complete the following story by putting the verbs
in brackets into the correct tense form, either the Past Simple or the
Past Progressive.
I (1) ... (mend) my sails one day when a man I had worked with before
(2) ... (walk) up and (3) ... (ask) me if I’d like to have a drink. I (4) ... (think)
he probably had more than just a friendly drink in mind, so I (5) ... (stop)
what I (6) ... (do), (7) ... (wipe) off my hands and (8) ...(follow) him to the
local drink shop. It (9) ... (be) there that I (10) ... (fi n d ) out that he (11) ...
(recruit) people to work on Necho’s project. Nowadays everybody knows
about our journey, but then it (12) ... (sound) a bit strange. At fi rst I thought
the man (13) ... (try) to play a trick on me. But the more he (14) ... (talk), the
better it (15) ... (sound) – a real adventure. I (16) ... (get) tired of the same
old sea routes year after year. Besides, I (17) ... (think) it would be a great
trading opportunity; the route to Carthage, across Greek waters (18) ... (get)
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more and more dangerous. You may not believe this, but it (19) ... (only
take) me a few minutes to decide; I (20) ... (sit) there in that shop with a cup
in my hand, and I (21) ... (make) a decision that would change my life – and
lots of other people’s lives as well.
There were times on the journey when I (22) ... (have) doubts about
my decision. Once while we were being pushed south-west by the monsoon
winds, I was nearly washed off the deck by a big wave. And one day during
the long sail south, one of the men (23) ... (try) to convince the rest of us that
we were under a magic spell when a dead black bird (24) ... (fall) on the
deck; believe me, we were scared.
But there were some good times, too. We (25) ... (have) to stop and
collect supplies on the west coast, and we (26) ... (stay) there for a long time,
in one of the most beautiful places I’ve ever seen. One evening while
I (27) ... (sit) under a tree with the wind in my face and a luscious big mango
to eat, I almost (28) ... (decide) to stay there for the rest of my life. But
of course, I (29) ... (not stay), I (30) ... (know) that I would get tired of it soon
enough, and besides, my wife and children (31) ... (wait) for me back in Tyre.
We (32) ... (see) thousands of birds at Gibraltar, but these (33) ... (be)
alive: they (34) ... (fl y ) over, on their way south for the winter.
In December, when I (35) ... (get) home, I (36) ... (make) sure that no one
told my family before I (37) ... (arrive). When I (38) ... (walk) through the
door, my wife (39) ... (put) supper on the table, and my son and daughter –
whom I (40) ... (hardly recognize) – (41) ... (play) by the fi replace. I (42) ...
(know) when I (43) ... (see) them that I had done the right thing not to stay
under that tree. I still think of that big tree in the jungle sometimes, though;
and I’ll bet there’s not a man who (44) ... (go) on that journey who wouldn’t
like to go back.
THE FUTURE SIMPLE
1. The Future Simple is formed with the help of the auxiliary verbs shall /
will and the infi nitive of the meaningful verb:
I / we shall
He / she / it / you / they will
In modern spoken English will and won’t (will not) are used more than
shall and shan’t (shall not) after I and we. In more formal English fi rst
person shall and shall not are more frequently used. Such adverbial
modifi ers as tomorrow, tomorrow morning (evening), next day (week, month,
Monday, etc.), soon, in a week (month, year), etc. are normally used with the
Future Simple:
They will come next week.
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+ do
2. The Future Simple is used for future facts and habits:
Our meeting will start at 9 o’clock.
3. The Future Simple is also used to talk about a decision at the moment
of making it:
– Phew! It’s really hot in here!
– I’ll open the window.
4. The Future Simple is used in object clauses of compound sentences
to denote future actions:
I don’t know if (whether) the play will be interesting.
I wonder when she will be able to catch up with the group.
5. In adverbial clauses of time and condition after the conjunctions when,
till, before, after, as soon as, if, unless, on condition that, etc. the Present
Simple is used instead of the Future Simple to denote a future action:
Nick will join us as soon as (when, after, etc.) he fi nishes his work.
We shall help you if we have some free time.
EXERCISES
1. A salesman is trying to sell a computer. Complete what he says with
will / ’ll / won’t.
This is an excellent machine that ... give you many years of service.
We … install it for you. We … even give you a special course to teach you
how to use it. But you ... fi nd it diffi cult to learn. You ... soon see how easy
it is to store information and type letters with this computer. Now, about the
payment. We … ask you for immediate payment. We … be OK if you make
a small payment now, and you can pay the rest in three months’ time. We …
send you a letter to remind you.
What’s more, we … give you a 5% reduction on the market price. And,
of course, the computer ... come to you with a two-year guarantee. But
actually, you ... need the guarantee, because there ... be many problems with
the machine. If there are, I … deal with them personally.
So you want to buy it? Good! I can tell you, sir, you ... be sorry! Actually,
I … give you this machine here in the showroom, it’s rather dusty. I … get
you another one from the store downstairs. Please, wait a moment, sir. I …
be back in a minute.
2. Refer these statements to the future using the given adverbial modifi ers of time and making necessary changes.
Example:
Carry is a fi rst-year student now. (next year)
Next year Carry will be a second-year student.
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1. This year my friend remains a full-time student. (next year) 2. Helen
is working hard to catch up with the group. (soon) 3. Last August my family
had a wonderful journey cruising around the Mediterranean Sea. (next
August around Scandinavia) 4. When he is in London he likes to stay at the
Regent Palace Hotel. (next time he is in the city) 5. I didn’t take part in the
conference on small business in Vienna last month. (in Bern in half a year)
6. This researcher has got important achievements for developing nuclear
power. He deserves a Noble Prize. (next year) 7. The company didn’t reach
its main aims last quarter. (in a quarter) 8. We’re tired and don’t proceed
with our inquiry now. (tomorrow morning) 9. Due to the crisis the company’s
sales are low this year. (next year) 10. David thinks there’s a chance for him
to get a job he’s applied for as he has got enough experience. (soon)
11. I have no time to see this customer today. (the day after tomorrow)
12. The conference hall we had a shareholders’ meeting was cold and stuffy.
I think we need a more comfortable place. (next time) 13. The owner is not
interested in selling his brand right now. (when it becomes more valuable)
14. This year’s contract is not good for us because the delivery dates are
long. We need the spare parts in a shorter period to fasten the production
of the fi nished goods. (next year’s contract)
3. Complete these sentences with I’ll and a suitable verb.
Example:
I’m too tired to walk
home. I think ... a taxi.
I’m too tired to walk home.
I think I’ll get a taxi.
1. It’s too late to visit Max now. I ... him tomorrow. 2. It’s a bit cold
in this room. – Is it? ... on the heating then. 3. Would you like tea
or coffee? – ... coffee, please. 4. Why haven’t you switched on the light?
It’s getting dark. – Oh, yes, it is. ... it now. 5. Did you invite Celine to your
wedding ceremony? – Oh, I forgot. Thanks for reminding me. ... it this
evening. 6. Why haven’t you packed your things? We’re leaving in a
while. – Don’t worry. ... in a moment. 7. We are going to play basketball
and need a team. Will you join us? – Thanks for inviting. I … in a minute.
8. Have you looked through the accounting report? – Not yet but I … that
in the afternoon. 9. Inspector, do you see the passenger in the blue coat?
He is nervous. You should examine his luggage thoroughly. – OK, ... that
very thoroughly. 10. Are you still having lunch? A naughty customer
is waiting for you in the reception room! – Don’t worry, ... in a minute.
11. Do you remember our partners are coming on Wednesday and you are
to meet them at the airport? – Thanks for reminding me. Sure, ... them.
12. Have you answered the e-mail message of our subcontractor? – Not yet,
I’ve been very busy but I … .
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4. Answer the following questions about your plans. Mind that the
answers can be affi rmative or negative.
Example:
Will you play football
with us?
Yes, I’ll do it with pleasure. /
You know, I’m not fond of sport.
I’ll better read a book.
1. The New Year is coming, and it’s time to buy presents for everyone.
What will you buy? 2. Will you buy a CD for your mother? 3. Will you buy
a box of Habana cigars for your father? 4. Will you buy model railways for
your brother? 5. Will you buy a Barbie for your little sister? 6. Will you buy
a bottle of Beaujolais for uncle Bob? 7. Will you invite your girlfriend to eat
out in the restaurant? 8. Will you arrange a New Year party for your friends?
9. Will you celebrate the New Year in the restaurant / night club? 10. Will
you stay with the parents to celebrate the New Year? 11. Will you go for
a walk round the New Year city after the midnight?
5. Work in pairs. Express agreement or disagreement adding some
information.
Example:
Linda will become a fi lm
star, won’t she?
I believe she will. She has
appeared in 3 movies already.
1. You’ll improve English next year, won’t you? 2. If you don’t improve
English, you won’t get a job of the translator, will you? 3. If Nick truly loves
the girl, he will give up smoking, won’t he? 4. The coming winter is expected
to be severe and frosty. Fur coats will be in fashion, won’t they? 5. You’ll
like Japanese sushi if you ever try it, won’t you? 6. To travel by coach will
be less quicker but much cheaper than to travel by train, won’t it? 7. You’ll
easily recognize Lady Gaga, won’t you? 8. Your friend from Britain
is coming soon. He will work hard at Russian here, won’t he? 9. He’ll open
another person’s private secret to save his life, won’t he? 10. In 2016
everybody in the world will have access to the Internet, won’t they?
11. People will have no trouble with the customs if they have nothing
to declare, will they? 12. The crisis seems to be over. The economic situation
in your country will change to better soon, won’t it?
6. Say that you have decided to do or not to do something.
Example:
Why haven’t you put on a
OK, I’ll put the coat on.
warm coat? It’s too frosty
out of doors.
1. Why haven’t you taken your umbrella? It looks like rain. 2. Why
haven’t you phoned your parents yet? They’re waiting for your call. 3. It’s
115
cold and windy today, and you’re not well. Why don’t you stay at home?
4. Why haven’t you shut the door? It’s draught here. 5. I’m offering you
a lift in my car instead of walking. 6. The children want to go to the aquapark. Will you take them? 7. What would you like to order for the main
course? What would you like to drink? 8. I don’t like you swearing. Will you
stop it? 9. The taxi is going much too fast. You’ll get to the station an hour
before the departure. 10. There are a lot of things for us to do this Saturday:
clean the house, wash the clothes and so on. Are we going out on that day?
11. Computers are becoming more intelligent all the time. Researchers
consider them directing traffi c and teaching children. Do you share their
opinion about the coming future? 12. There is a vacancy of an accountant
at the Layetana Beef Company. Your qualifi cation is appropriate. Will you
apply for this job?
7. Express your agreement and give a promise to do things.
Example:
A: Can you clean the windows?
B: Sure, I’ll do it.
A: Do you promise?
B: OK, I’ll clean them this afternoon.
1. Can you wash the car? 2. Can you vacuum the car upholstery? 3. Can
I have a pet as a birthday gift? 4. It’s too cold outdoors. Put on your coat.
5. Please don’t torture the cat. 6. Will you take me to the country on Saturday?
7. Please don’t tell anyone what has happened. 8. Nick adores you. Will you
eat out with him tonight? 9. Can you inform me about the decision she will
make? 10. Could you let me know when the boss comes back? I want to see
him on a personal question. 11. Can you send me these data by e-mail?
I need them for fi nishing the term paper.
8. Paraphrase the following sentences to use an adverbial clause of time
or condition.
Example:
We’ll fi nish work and
then we’ll go windsur fi ng.
As soon as we fi nish work,
we’ll go windsurfi ng.
(as soon as)
1. Alan will go shopping. He will put some petrol in the car fi rst. (before)
2. Harry will study hard and he’ll pass the exam. (if) 3. The bell will ring and
then they’ll leave the room. (the moment) 4. John will clean the car. Mary
will cook the lunch. (if) 5. Mary will be ready soon and they’ll be able
to start. (when) 6. Felicity will take children to the birthday party. She will
check on the exact address fi rst. (before) 7. I’ll take my coat to the cleaner’s
116
and then I’ll come round to your place. (after) 8. The company will raise
prices. The demand for its products will fall. (if) 9. We’ll employ experienced
and self-confi dent managers. The management’s decisions will become
optimal. (after) 10. They won’t offer me any fringe benefi ts and I’ll leave for
another company. (if) 11. I think he will get the job. He should apply for
it fi rst. (if) 12. You will invest in a partnership and then you’ll be a partner.
(as soon as) 13. I don’t like when my boss puts pressure on me. Next time
he will do that and I’ll leave work. (if) 14. We’ll completely change the
equipment and then we’ll be able to increase our output. (after)
9. Add the missing information to make up a compound sentence with
an object clause.
Example:
He has gone fi shing. I wonder if he ... (catch any fi sh).
He has gone fi shing. I wonder if he will catch any fi sh.
1. I’m waiting for Jack as we’re going for a picnic lunch. But Jack isn’t
in sight, and I really don’t know when ... (come). 2. The Browns have just
started work on the new building. I wonder how long it ... (take to get the
building fi nished). 3. The parents want to know if he will be a faithful
husband. If not, the point is whether you ... (be able to forget him).
4. I wonder what time tomorrow she ... (come back from her trip).
5. My cousin promised to get down to see me. I wonder whether she ...
(come sometime in the next couple of months). 6. I wonder if I ... (get any
discount for the damaged thing). 7. My friend has applied for the job of a
programmer in IBM. I’d like to know if ... (get). 8. I can easily understand
what happened to you during your business trip. But I wonder if your boss ...
(understand what you mean). I also want to know if your colleagues ...
(understand). 9. Our company did badly last year, and we’re now losing
money. I want to know if we ... (manage to raise a state loan to improve the
fi nancial statement). 10. Okay, we’ve borrowed money from the bank, but
I wonder if that little sum ... (help the company improve its fi nancial
statement). 11. Our partners from Japan are not willing very much to develop
the contacts with us. I’d like to know if they ... (enter into a new trade
agreement with the company). 12. If our German partners agree to enter into
a new agreement with our company, nobody knows when they ... (sign it).
10. Complete the following sentences putting in the appropriate tenses.
1. I wonder if he ... (succeed) in doing it. 2. After they ... (fi n i s h ) the
building work, things ... (be) easier. 3. I hope you ... (tell) me all about the
holiday when you ... (
get) back. 4. Next time Marion ... (come), I ... (take)
her to see my mother. 5. If they ... (catch) the 10.37 train, what time ...
117
they ... (be) in Milano? 6. I’ll be interested to see whether John ... (come)
tomorrow or not. 7. ... you ... (tell) me as soon as the bell ... (ring)? 8. I don’t
know if Helen ... (be) here when you ... (phone) tomorrow morning. 9. I think
when I ... (be) 80, I .... (understand) what goes on in your head. 10. We ...
(wait) for you for some time if you ... (be) busy at that time tomorrow.
11. What time we ... (get) there ... (depend) on how bad the traffi c is.
12. Thanks charity only, things ... (not change) unless government aid ... (be)
spent more sensibly. 13. If I ... (not manage) to fi nish this project in time,
I … (have) my back against the wall. 14. I wonder if in the nearest future
Yandex ... (reach) the same number of users as Google.
11. Talk to your partner about similar things.
– How are you going to spend the weekend?
– I’ll go boating if it doesn’t rain.
– But if it does?
– Well, if it does, I’ll stay at home and watch 12 Years a Slave with
starring Brad Pitt, Dede Gardner and Jeremey Kleiner.
12. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Из-за кризиса наша компания теряет деньги. Мы будем обращаться в банк за кредитом, чтобы улучшить финансовое положение. 2. Какие у тебя планы на лето? – Я думаю, что поеду на Браславские озера;
буду там ловить рыбу, купаться, загорать. 3. Ты все еще пьешь кофе?
А назойливая покупательница ждет тебя в приемной, ты не забыл? –
Не волнуйся, через минуту я ее приму. Уверен, что она будет долго жаловаться мне на качество обслуживания. – Ты хочешь сказать, что
не знаешь, когда ты освободишься, не так ли? 5. Ты, наверно, сильно
замерз? Садись к огню, а я приготовлю тебе чашку чая. 6. В четверг
королева Великобритании откроет новый госпиталь в Лондоне. На открытии будут присутствовать некоторые члены Британского парламента. 7. Если вы хотите получить работу в нашей компании, менеджер
по кадрам предоставит вам всю информацию об имеющихся вакансиях.
8. Через три года он закончит университет и станет специалистом в области информационных технологий. 9. Хотелось бы знать, какие преимущества получит город от создания здесь свободной экономической
зоны? 10. Вероятно, никто не знает, когда произойдут значительные изменения в этой отрасли. 11. Мой отец имеет богатый опыт работы в химической промышленности. Интересно, получит ли он место в региональном подразделении корпорации «Проктор и Гембл»? 12. Ты опоздаешь на собеседование с начальником отдела кадров, если не возьмешь такси. 13. Думаю, что собрание акционеров компании закончится
118
не раньше 5 часов. 14. Совет Европейского Союза начал разрабатывать
новый проект финансовой помощи странам СНГ. Интересно, сколько
времени потребуется на разработку этого проекта и когда можно будет
получить эти деньги? Наконец, хотелось бы знать, каковы будут условия получения финансовой помощи.
13. You are trying to sell any goods. Make up a presentation for the
product by analogy as given in exercise 1 on p. 113.
THE FUTURE PROGRESSIVE
1. The Future Progressive (will / shall be doing) is used to say that the
action will be in progress at a given future time. The given future moment
is indicated by the adverbial phrases of defi nite time such as at this time
tomorrow (next week, next month, etc.), at 9 o’clock on Monday, etc. or is
clear from the situation:
At this time tomorrow Simon will be working at the report.
2. The Future Progressive is also used to talk about things that are already
planned or decided:
I’ll be travelling by train.
In many cases the Future Progressive can be replaced by the Present
Progressive. The use of the Present Progressive requires a statement of a
much less distant and uncertain arrangement or activity:
He says he’s returning from abroad next year.
3. The use of the Future Progressive in object clauses of compound
sentences to denote future actions is similar to that of the Future Simple:
I don’t know if (whether) they will be playing football at this time
tomorrow.
4. The use of the Present Simple to denote a future action in adverbial
clauses of time and condition after the conjunctions when, till, before, after,
as soon as, if, unless, on condition that, etc. is similar to that of the Future
Simple:
I’ll be doing my homework when you come.
EXERCISES
1. Act out a conversation using the Future Progressive.
– Tomorrow I’ll be fl ying to Rome and you’ll be sorting out the
correspondence here in rainy old Birmingham. As you probably know, envy
is not very good for your stomach.
119
– That’s very clever of you to say so, but my stomach is never out
of order. And besides, I’ll be having a good time, too.
– Will you really?
– Yes, I’ll be enjoying playing squash, swimming and chatting with
friends in the pub.
– You’ll probably be walking along wet streets, carrying an umbrella and
wearing a raincoat.
– Going out in such rainy weather is out of the question. By the way,
when will you be coming back?
– In a few weeks, probably. I’ll send you a postcard from Rome, anyway.
2. Make a new sentence to say what a person will be doing at a defi nite
future moment.
Example:
He’s sleeping now. (when
I arrive tonight)
He will be sleeping when
I arrive tonight.
1. Helen is learning to drive. (next month) 2. Steve’s lying in the sun.
(while Terry’s working hard) 3. The boys are playing basketball. (until 5
o’clock) 4. I’m doing the paperwork. (all day tomorrow) 5. Donald is waiting
at the airport to meet us. (when we come back) 6. Jane and Kate are playing
squash. (until they are tired) 7. George is analysing statistics on the
department’s activities over the past quarter. (next two hours) 8. We are
installing the ABB equipment on Monday and Tuesday. It is not easy. (on
Wednesday) 9. Sony is continually putting new products in the market. (next
year) 10. Marion is chairing the meeting. (until last question comes)
11. We’re discussing the company’s profi ts and shareholders’ dividends. (all
morning the day after tomorrow) 12. We’re developing the South Asia
markets. (in a year’s time) 13. The training manager is conducting a master
class for the employees working for the sales department. (until midday)
3. Say that other people will be doing something different.
Example:
Pam will be packing her
luggage at this time tomor row. And Ann?
Ann won’t be packing her
luggage at this time tomorrow. She’ll be fl ying already.
The British will be holding an election next month.
1. The Queen won’t be speaking on the event on TV tonight. What about
the Prime Minister? 2. My family will be listening to the speeches. What
about you? 3. I’ll be trying to turn the television off. What about you? 4. The
Socialists will be introducing nationalisation. What about the Liberals?
5. The Liberals will be trying to persuade the voters that Britain can achieve
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