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Башкирский Государственный Аграрный Университет

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Прагмасемантика и философия языка

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51– 3 – Прагматика как самопорождение самого-по-себе-субъекта

.    ,   —    [ 1983: 65].

 ,     ,      .  , ,             .

3. Интерпретация без интерпретатора — семиозис по Чарльзу Пирсу

         ,   .      ,   1.  ,           —   « —  — »  ,   .           —    .      :

 ()     (.: , switches)  ,      -            .    , ,      ,     .         ,                 (interpetandum). ,       (a mind),      …       ,   

  subject  ,    предмет, сущность, «By “semiosis” I mean… an action, or inuence, which is, or involves, a cooperation of three subjects, such as a sign, its object, and its interpretant» [Pirce CP: 5.484] (« “”  …   ,   (   )   ,   ,    »;     ).

52 С. Т. Золян

 ,      ;     [Habermas 1995: 247].

  , ,    ,        ,   .      ,       (    ;     76: [Peirce — Marty 76]),  ,       ,      .  1899 .  (репрезентамену)   :

 —    ,   ,     ,     . ,   ,   ,  ,  , —  ,  ,   ,—  [Peirce CP: 1.564].

  ,      -

, ,    мысль  умственный эффект,         ,     .      :        :

 —   ,    ,    (),    ,  ,  ,  ,   .      -      ,     ,         [Peirce 1976: 54].

    анонимное,  , -

   —     ,        .     () :

…Now as every thinking requires a mind, so every sign even if external to all minds must be a determination of a quasi-mind. e quasi-mind is itself a sign, a determinable sign [Peirce SS: 195]. (« 

  ,    ,   

53– 3 – Прагматика как самопорождение самого-по-себе-субъекта

     ,    .      ,  ».)

        персонифицированного лица,     :    ,  ,     (a person)   подачка Церберу —    :

    ,   - ,        (an eect upon a person),       ,     .   — «»—   (, sop) ,         [Peirce SS: 80–81].

 ,    , ,  -

  ,  «»  ,            не- что (something capable of somehow ‘catching on’):

      ,   .      ;           ,  ,    .    ,    ?             (thought),      (mind),       ,   ,    ,     -  -   (. — )  :        ,    (signicant meaning) [Peirce S: 318]2.

      ,  : «e action of a sign generally takes place between two parties, the utterer and the interpreter. ey need not be persons; for a chameleon and many kinds of insects and even plants make their living by uttering signs, and lying signs, at that. Who is the utterer of signs of the weather…? However, every sign certainly conveys something of the general nature of thought, if not from a mind, yet from some repository of ideas, or signicant forms, and if not to a person, yet to something capable

54 С. Т. Золян

 ,   ,      ,   .        ,       -      .    ,   :       ,           ,      ,         ,      : - (utterer)  - (interpreter).     ,           ,    (— )      ,    (welded)   :

ought is not necessarily connected with a brain… Admitting that connected Signs must have a Quasi-mind, it may further be declared that there can be no isolated sign. Moreover, signs require at least two Quasiminds; a Quasi-utterer and a Quasi-interpreter; and although these two are at one (i. e., are one mind) in the sign itself, they must nevertheless be distinct. In the Sign they are, so to say, welded [Peirce CP: 4.551 (1906)]3.

     -

      ()   4.  ( )   ,  —  . ,     ,   () 

of somehow ‘catching on’… that is, of receiving not merely a physical, nor even merely apsychical dose of energy, but a signicant meaning».

     … ,      ,   ,      .  ,       :    ;         (..  ), ,   ,  .   ,  ,  [Peirce CP: 4.551].

           : « ,    ,       ,   .             (an utterer)…     » [Peirce EP: 403].

55– 3 – Прагматика как самопорождение самого-по-себе-субъекта

       .  (  )            ,      .     -     ,            .     (  .           мысли,   —    знака5.       (         [Gorlee 1994: 217–218]).

    ,    .  (thought-sign)         (:   — moulded sign),       ,   .  ,

        : «A sign is whatever there may be whose intent is to mediate between an utterer of it and an interpreter of it, for being repositories of thought or quasi-mind by conveying a meaning from the former to the latter. We may say that the sign is moulded tothemeaning in the quasi-mind that utters it, where it was, virtually at least, (i. e. if not in fact, yet the moulding of the sign took place as if it has been there.) already an ingredient of thought. But thought being itself a sign the meaning must have been conveyed to that quasi-mind, from same anterior utterer of the thought, of which the utterer of the moulded sign had been the interpreter. e meaning of the moulded sign being conveyed to its interpreter, became the meaning of a thought in that quasi-mind; and as there conveyed in a thought-sign required an interpreter, the interpreter of the moulded sign becoming the utterer of this new thought-sign» [Peirce MS 318: 206– 207]. («    ,    ,     ,   ,     ,       ,      .  ,        ,   .  ,     ,       ,      ,      .   ,   ,       ;        ,           ».)

56 С. Т. Золян

 ,   , ,     [Eco 1990; 1992],    ,   ,  (  )  .     ,        (      , ,    )  :

 !       ,   ,   ,   ,   ,     ,  .     .      ,  ,     ; ,         [Peirce S 318: 196].

    ,   

 ,       ,            6. , , ,  ,  ,     ,      ,  ментальный элемент, . .   ,         ,      .         машины-реакции:        ,   -,        (…a mind may,

with advantage, the roughly dened as a sign creator in connection with a reaction-machine. A reaction-machine is very delicately susceptible… to physical forces [Ibid.: 197]).      -

     -      —   ,        .     ментальном элементе,   ,      , , ,  .  

  ,         : «           , ,  -    различие    . , ,      систему      » [ 1974: 71].

57– 3 – Прагматика как самопорождение самого-по-себе-субъекта

  :      ,      ;    .  ,         ,      .      :  -      ,           знак — объект — интерпретант [Gorlee 1994: 217–218].

 ,                : some- one upon which the meaning can ultimately be expended (,        —    someone).  ,    некто,     ,   .        ; ,         .   ,    .            .     ,     .   ,          .  ,    ,               .      ,         —    ,        ()     (, ).          ,          ,      .    ,           ,     ,   биотическoм  .  ,                    ,      .

    ,  ,  :     

58 С. Т. Золян

 .   ,                   ,    . ,            ,        . ,   ,   ,           (),       .    ,      (.,       /  ),    . ,      —       , —       :

       ,    ,             [ 1984: 78].

,     

: «Не ты говоришь, язык говорит».   « » —       ,   ,     . ,    ,     « »  ,    (    « »  : « »,        ).       —  ()   (, , ).     -,     ,         .         ( , /),       .      ,  ,      ,        . ,    

59– 3 – Прагматика как самопорождение самого-по-себе-субъекта

   ,      ,     ( .: [Zolyan 2021]).                           ,     .

4. Интерпретация на биомолекулярном уровне

     ,   «»       —   .       ,     , ,    ,    (  — )   .            ,     .        ,          « ».

                 -    ,  со- знание, разум  мозг.         [Gamow 1954]      ,         ,        [Crick 1966: 9; 1981: 170].             — , ,   . . [ 2000; Raible 2001; Zolyan 2021].    ,     —  ( .: [ 2016; Zolyan 2022; Zolyan, Zdanov 2018].         - ,      ,     , —  ,  впаяно   .

     :        -

60 С. Т. Золян

,     ,  .     ,      ;    ,    :

      ,     ( ),              …       ,    —   , . .       .          ,   —   -.    - . ,  —  ,     [ 2000: 23].

      :

      ,     [Deacon 2021: 537].

     ,   

  ,    , ,    :

       ,      ,         ?         ,    :     [Ibid.: 540].

    ,  « ,  -

     ,      , ,   <>    ,        » [Ibid.].

      

     .              .

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