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Файл:Новый тренажер по английскому языку от простого к сложному
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George hasn’t been feeling well recently.
Последнее время Жорж не чувствует себя хорошо.
2. Present Perfect Continuous используется для обозначения
действия, которое имело место в недалеком прошлом, закончилось недавно или только что и имеет видимый результат. Как у всех Perfect, должна быть обязательная
связь с настоящим.
You are out of breath. Have you been running?
Вы тяжело дышите. Вы бежали? (Вот почему вы тяжело
дышите)
Paul is very tired. He’s been working very hard.
Он упорно работал. (Он устал сейчас).
3. Употребляется для выражения недовольства, раздраже-
ния, объяснения чего-либо или критики.
Someone has been sleeping in my bed.
Кто-то спал в мо ей постели. (Недовольство).
Сравните Present Perfect и Present Perfect Continuous:
I have done
Present Perfect
Маркеры: already, ever, never,
often, just, yet, lately, recently,
this week, today, for, since, so
far
Акцент на результат действия
или отсутствие результата.
I have already seen this film.
Я уже видел этот фильм.
She has just finished her work.
Она только что закончила свою
работу.
c выражениями ten times,
several times и т.д.
He has played with the
symphony orchestra four times
this season.
В этом сезоне он выступил
четыре раза с этим симфоническим оркестром.
I have been doing
Present Perfect Continuous
Маркеры: for an hour, for a long
time, since yesterday, since
5 o’clock, all week.
а также в вопросах начинающихся с:
Нow long? Как долго?
Since when? С каких пор?
Акцент на продолжительность
действия и не важно оно выполнилось или нет
I’ve been working for a long time.
Я работаю долгое время.
We’ve been waiting since early
morning.
Мы ждем с раннего утра.
He has been playing with the
symphony orchestra all this season.
Весь этот сезон он выступает с
симфоническим оркестром.
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I have done
Present Perfect
I have cleaned my kitchen. It is
as good as new now.
Я убрала кухню. Теперь она
как новенькая.
I have been cleaning my kitchen
all morning. I am very tired.
Я убирала кухню все утро.
Я очень устала.
I have been doing
Present Perfect Continuous
Примечание:
Не забывайте про глаголы состояния, которые не употребяются во временах Continuous (например: to like, to
want, to belong).
Упражнение 1. Выберите провильную форму глагола.
1. Nina has been learning/has learned English for 2 years.
2. The birds have already flown/have been flying to the
South.
3. They have known /have been knowing him for many
years.
4. Mike has forgotten/has been forgetting to learn the
poem.
5. The children have been watching/have watched cartoons
for 2 hours.
6. The train has just come/has been coming.
7. We haven’t been having/haven’t had a holiday for
5 years.
8. She has been teaching/has taught at this school for
twenty years.
9. David has been painting/has painted in his studio since
10 o’clock.
10. Mary and Sam have collected/have been collecting
stamps for 3 years.
11. Their parents have been/have being friends since their
childhood.
12. Dave has been/has been being a student for 2 years.
Упражнение 2. Поставьте глагол в скобках в Present
Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous.
1. I … (not to see) him for ages.
2. He … (to do) his lessons since lunch.
3. I … (not to hear) about him for a long time.
4. I … (to drive) since I was 17.
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5. Jack … (to fail) his driving test three times because he
doesn’t know how to park.
6. I think he … (to make) a lot of improvement.
7. Alice … (not/pass) her driving test because she doesn’t
know the rules well.
8. She … (to worry) about this for two months.
9. She … (to study) the driver’s manual for hours.
10. She … (not/take) another test yet.
11. I … (to have) a headache since I got up.
12. He is my friend, I … (to know) him for a long time.
13. Ivan has a stomachacke. He … (to eat) junk food all day.
14. I … (never to hear) that song before.
Упражнение 3. Используйте Present Perfect или Present
Perfect Continuous в вопросительных предложениях.
1. Your shirt smells terrible! … (you/smoke)? (Твоя рубаш-
ка ужасно пахнет! Ты курил?)
2. How long … (you/wait) for them? (Как долго ты их
ждешь?)
3. How many glasses of beer … (he/drink) today? (Сколько
бокалов пива он сегодня выпил?)
4. … (you/ever/live) in a tent? (Ты когда-нибудь жил в па-
латке?)
5. Where … (you/be)? (Где ты был?)
6. How much money … (Kevin/spend) in the casino?
(Сколько денег потратил Кевин в казино?)
7. … (those vegetables/boil) since 2 o’clock? (Те овощи ва-
рятся с двух часов?)
8. … (you/defrost) the fridge yet? (Ты уже разморозила хо-
лодильник?)
9. How many messages … (she/send) today? (Сколько сооб-
щений она послала сегодня?)
10. How long … (your sister/travel)? (Как долго твоя се-
стра путешествует?)
11. How many people … (Angela/invite) to her party?
(Сколько людей пригласила Анджела на свою вечеринку?)
12. … (you/sit) here for a long time? (Ты долго тут сидишь?)
Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в
Past Simple, Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Oh no! The children … (to cook). Look at the state of this
kitchen!
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2. How many times Wendy … (to be) late for work this week?
3. I’m going to give that cat some food. It … (to sit) on the
doorstep for hours. I’m sure it’s starving.
4. I … (to do) grammar exercises all morning. I deserve a
treat for lunch.
5. You … (not to buy) your mother a present? That’s really
mean of you!
6. I saw Katie yesterday. She … (to work) in Australia for
the last year. Did you know?
7. Now where are my keys? This is the third time I … (to
lose) them today!
8. You … (ever / to play) chess? You should try it. I’m sure
it’s the sort of game you’d like.
9. Oh, do be quiet! You … (to grumble) all day!
10. Your tennis … (really/to improve)! You … (to practice)
in secret?
Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в
Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous.
1. The post office isn’t far from here. I … (to walk) there
many times.
2. I’m tired. We … (to walk) for more than an hour. Let’s
stop and rest for a while.
3. Mr. Grey … (to work) at the ower company for fifteen
years. He likes his job.
4. I … (to read) this chapter in my chemistry text three
times, and I still don’t understand it!
5. My eyes are getting tired. I … (to read) for two hours.
I think I’ll take a break.
6. Mrs. Jons… (to teach) in the kindergarten for twenty
years. She’s one of the best teachers at the elementary school.
7. Mary is writing a letter to her boyfriend. She … (to write)
it since she got home from class. It’s going to be a long letter!
8. I … (to write) my folks at least a dozen letters since I left
home and came here.
9. Ann never… (to go) camping. She… (not to sleep) in a tent.
10. This is a great shirt! I …(to wash) it at least a dozen
times, and it still looks like new.
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6.7. Прошедшее совершенное время
(The Past Perfect Tense)
Образование
Past Perfect Tense образуется при помощи вспомога-
тельного глагола to have в форме Past Simple (had) и Past
Participle (причастие прошедшего времени) смыслового
глагола.
Утвердительное Вопросительное Отрицательное
I had written
an article
YOU had written
an article
HE had written
an article
SHE had written
an article
WE had written an
article
YOU had written an
article
THEY had written
an article
HAD I written
an article?
HAD you written
an article?
HAD he written
an article?
HAD she written
an article?
HAD we written an
article?
HAD you written an
article?
HAD they written an
article?
I hadn’t (had not)
written an article
YOU hadn’t written
an article
HE hadn’t written
an article
SHE hadn’t written
an article
WE hadn’t written
an article
YOU hadn’t written
an article
THEY hadn’t written an article
Краткие формы:
Yes, I had.
No, I hadn’t.
Употребление
1. The Past Perfect Tense обозначает действие, которое прои-
зошло до какого-то момента в прошлом. Этот момент может обозначаться:
Обстоятельством места с предлогом:
by 5 o’clock к пяти часам
by Saturday к субботе
th
by the 15
of December к 15 декабря
by the end off the year к концу года
by that time к этому времени.
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By 9 o’clock we’d finished the work.
К 9 часам мы закончили работу.
She had written only two letters by noon.
К полудню она написала только два письма.
2. Когда действие в прошлом имело место ранее другого
действия, выраженного в Past Simple со словами.
before до already уже
after после just только что и т.д.
When you arrived, he had just left.
Когда вы прибыли, он только что уехал.
He had worked at the university for thirty years before he
retired.
Он проработал в университете 30 лет, прежде чем ушел
на пенсию.
3. В косвенной речи для передачи настоящего свершенного
и простого прошедшего времени:
He said: “I have studied English for two years.” He said he
had studied English for two years.
Он сказал, что изучает английский язык два года.
She said she had published her first story 10 years before.
(She said: “I published my first story 10 years ago.”)
Она сказала, что опубликовала свой первый рассказ
10 лет тому назад.
Примечание:
Три выражения очень часто употребляются с Past Perfect,
с порядком слов вопросительного предложения:
hardly … when/before едва … как
scarcely … when/before едва … как
no sooner … than как только
Hardly had I closed my eyes when I began to imagine the
most fantastic shapes.
Едва я закрыл глаза, как самые фантастические образы
начали появляться в моем воображении.
4. Когда нет необходимости подчеркнуть предшествование
одного действия другому, то после after употребляется
Past Simple:
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After she heard the news she phoned me at once.
После того, как она услышала новости, она мне тут же
позвонила.
Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в
Past Simple или Past Perfect.
1. When I … (to come) home, mother already … (to cook)
lunch.
2. Nick … (to show) the teacher the picture which he … (to
draw).
3. When the teacher … (to enter) the classroom, the pupils
already … (to open) their textbooks.
4. Kate … (to give) me the pen which she … (to buy) the day
before.
5. Yesterday I … (to find) the book which I … (to lose) last
week.
6. When my brother … (to return) from work, I already … (to
do) my homework.
7. Mother … (to see) that Nick … (not to wash) his hands.
8. The teacher … (to understand) that Lena … (not to do) her
homework.
9. When we … (to come) to the station, the train already …
(to leave).
10. I … (to finish) my homework at seven o’clock.
11. Ann … (to tell) me that she … (to see) an interesting film.
12. When I … (to wake) up yesterday, father already …
(to go) to work.
Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в
Past Simple или Past Perfect.
1. The policeman … (to read) the suspect his rights after he
… (to arrest) him.
2. After John … (to wash) his clothes, he… (to begin) to
study.
3. By that time they … (to settle) the matter.
4. Mary … (to tell) us that she … (to cook) a good dinner.
5. By 5 o’clock yesterday he … (to complete) that work.
6. Jane … (to send) a letter to her university after she … (to
receive) her scholarship check.
7. After the stewardesses … (to serve) lunch to the
passengers, they … (to start) eating.
207
8. The car… (to flip) ten times before it … (to land) on its roof.
9. We … (to correct) our papers after we … (to take) the quiz.
10. John … (to live) in Miami for one year when his parents
… (to come) to visit.
6.8. Прошедшее совершенное длительное время
(The Past Perfect Continuous Tense)
Образование
Past Perfect Continuous образуется при помощи вспомо-
гательного глагола to be в форме Past Perfect и формы причастия настоящего времени – ing смыслового глагола:
Утвердительное Вопросительное Отрицательное
I had been working
YOU had been
working
HE (it) had been
working
SHE had been
working
WE had been
working
YOU had been
working
THEY had been
working
HAD I have been
working?
HAD you have been
working?
HAD he has been
working?
HAD she has been
working?
HAD we have been
working?
HAD you have been
working?
HAD they have been
working?
I had not been
working
YOU had not been
working
HE had not been
working
SHE had not been
working
WE had not been
working
YOU had not been
working
THEY had not been
working
Употребление
1. Past Perfect Continuous употребляется для выражения
длительного прошедшего действия, начавшегося ранее другого прошедшего действия, выраженного в Past
Simple и еще происходившего в момент его совершения.
Past Perfect Continuous употребляется, когда указан пе-
риод времени:
before до, раньше
by к
208
till до
untill до
for an hour на протяжении часа
for a day на протяжении дня
for a week на протяжении недели
all morning / все утро
the whole morning
for a long time в течение долгого времени
all day (long) / весь день
the whole day
all week / the whole week всю неделю
all month / the whole month весь месяц
all year (round) весь год
since 5 o’clock с пяти часов
since last week с прошлой недели
since last month с прошлого месяца
since yesterday со вчерашнего дня и т.д.
I had been working for a long time when my brother came.
Я долго работал, когда пришел мой брат.
2. Past Perfect Continuous также может обозначать действие, которое длилось в течение какого-то периода времени в прошлом и завершилось с определенным результатом. В этому случае обычно указывается продолжительность действия.
Например:
There was snow in the street. It had been snowing at night.
На улице лежал снег. Ночью был снегопад.
I had been reading the book for an hour when John came
back home.
Я уже час читал книгу, когда Джон вернулся домой.
Примечание:
Употребления Past Perfect Continuous стараются избегать при построении отрицательных предложений, заменяя его на Past Perfect. Смысл предложения при этом
сохраняется.
Например:
He had loved her for all his life.
Он любил ее всю свою жизнь.
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He hadn’t been swimming in a river since he was a child. =
He hadn’t swum in a river since he was a child.
Он не плавал в реке с тех пор, как был ребенком.
Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в
Past Perfect Continuous.
1. Sally … (to type) this text for 3 hours before Mark came.
2. Anthony … (to wait) for his airplane for 3 hours when its
delay was announced.
3. I saw many huge puddles. … it… (to rain) hard?
4. Sam did not even realize what a hard time Molly … (to
have).
5. Rita … (to train) for a year and she was very fit when her
ex-boyfriend met her.
6. Rachel’s husband … (to fix) the car since early morning.
7. Paul and Molly … (to talk) on the phone for an hour when
the line broke.
8. How long … you… (to watch) TV before you decided to go
to bed?
9. Steven felt tired as he … (to sail) for several hours.
10. Zina … (to try) to find her mother for years but she
failed.
Упражнение 2. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.
1. We … when somebody … at the door.
1) were talking, was knocking
2) had been talking, knocked
3) were talking, knocked
4) had been talking, had knocked
2. Ian … at the factory long when he … a manager.
1) was working , had been made
2) had been working, was made
3) had been working, made
4) had worked, made
3. Sally … for two years when she … the race.
1) trained, entered
2) was training, was entering
3) had trained, had entered
4) had been training, entered
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