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Файл:Новый тренажер по английскому языку от простого к сложному
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ной степени в значении лучше всех, хуже всех перед наречием употребляется определенный артикль the, а в значении
лучше всего, хуже всего – опускается.
Положительная Сравнительная Превосходная
hard
трудно
long
долго
Многосложные наречия и наречия с суффиксом -ly
wisely
мудро
seldom
редко
often
часто
early
рано
loudly
громко
harder
труднее
longer
дольше
more wisely
мудрее
more seldom
реже
more often
чаще
Исключение
earlier
раньше
louder
громче
(the) hardest
труднее всего
(the) longest
дольше всех (всего)
(the) most wisely
мудрее всех (всего)
(the) most seldom
реже всех (всего)
(the) most often
чаще всех (всего)
(the) earliest
раньше всех \ всего
(the) loudest
громче всех (всего)
1. При образовании степеней сравнения наречий quickly и
slowly допускается два варианта:
quickly
быстро
slowly
медленно
quicklier \ more quickly
быстрее
slowlier \ more slowly
медленнее
the quickliest \the most
quickly
быстрее всех (всего)
the slowliest \ the most
slowly
медленнее всех (всего)
2. Некоторые наречия образуют степени сравнения нестандартно, их нужно выучить:
well
хорошо
badly
плохо
much
много
→
→
→
better
лучше
worse
хуже
more
больше
→
→
→
(the) best
лучше вего (всех)
(the) worst
хуже всего (всех)
(the) most
больше всего (всех)
161
little
мало
far
далеко
→
→
→
less
меньше
farther
дальше
further
больше
→
(the) least
меньше всего (всех)
(the) farthest
дальше всего (всех)
3. Наречие farther, как и аналогичное прилагательное, применяется преимущественно в сравнительной степени в
пространственном значении.
He lives farther. Он живет дальше.
4. Наречие further употребляют в значении больше, более
того, дополнительно
He said that he couldn’t help us and, further, that he
wouldn’t do it.
Он сказал, что не может помочь нам, и, более того, что он
не будет делать этого.
Упражнение 3. Выберите правильный вариант использо-
вания степени сравнения наречий.
1. Alice smiles even … (most brightly / more brightly) than
the sun.
2. The new teacher explains the rules … (more completely /
completely) than our book.
3. Jack arrived … (latest / most late) at the airport.
4. Jillian usually climbs … (the highest /higher) of all the
other climbers in her group.
5. Andrew is speaking even … (more louder / louder) than
usual.
6. Melany dances … (the most gracefully / more gracefully)
of all the girls.
7. Of all three, Mike runs … (the fastest / faster).
8. Of all two, Mike runs … (fastest / faster).
9. Harry swims … (slower / the slowest) of all the boys in
the swimming team.
10. Yesterday the President spoke … (more calmly /calmly)
to Congress than usual.
Упражнение 4. Употребите наречия в нужной степени
сравнения.
1. Unfortunately, it’s becoming … (hard) and … (hard) to
find a well-paid job.
162
2. This phrase is … (widely) used in spoken Russian than in
written.
3. Your test isn’t good. You can do … (well) than you did.
4. We walk … (fast) than usual to catch the train.
5. I know Daniel … (well) than you do.
6. I used to play tennis … (often) than now.
7. Could you move a bit … (far) away for me to sit here too?
8. Mary is driving … (slowly) than usual, as the road is wet.
9. Of all the group Jimmy did … (badly) in the examination.
10. Could you speak … (distinctly), please?
11. Can’t you drive a bit … (fast)?
12. The train arrived … (early) than usual.
13. My sister helps my mother … (often) than other mem-
bers of our family.
14. Of the five athletes Bob jumped … (high).
15. Mrs. Finch talks to the nurses … (patient) of all the
other doctors.
16. Our dog barks … (loud) than our neighbor’s dog.
17. My brother writes to our grandma … (often) than I do.
18. Anna speaks English … (well) than Viktor.
19. Bob lives … (close) to the school.
Упражнение 5. Употребите наречия в нужной степени
сравнения.
1. Wood costs … (much) than cotton.
2. She was singing … (quietly) than usually.
3. A car goes … (fast) than the bicycle.
4. The kids usually behaved … (noisy) than this time.
5. This plane took off … (smoothly) than the one we took
previously.
6. She usually stays up … (late) than her mother.
7. Could you write the word … (clearly) please?
8. For … (far) information call Mrs. Morrison – she will give
you some advice.
9. The train arrived … (early) than it was supposed to.
10. Jane is driving … (slowly) than ever before. That acci-
dent influenced her a lot – she is really afraid.
11. Lorry speaks French … (fluently) than several months ago.
12. Clackson looked at me … (long) than before. Did she fall
for me?
163
13. Ginny danced … (well) than any of us.
14. That was … (little) expected result of the game.
15. Jack drives … (carefully) than before.
16. The … (slowly) you drive, the … (well).
17. Pole jumped … (far) than Mile did.
18. In the evening I go to bed … (early) than my brother
does.
19. Please, pronounce new words … (clearly).
20. This soup tastes … (good) of all I’ve tried.
Упражнение 6. Образуйте степени сравнения наречий
или прилагательных.
1. I don’t get what you mean. Could you please talk …
(slowly)?
2. You should have thought about buying the dress …
(early). It is two days left before the prom and we will not be
able to find something special.
3. Arabella laughs … (loud) than before. Is everything …
(good) now?
4. Her mother knows the history … (accurately) than her
teacher.
5. All of a sudden John turned out to run … (fast) of all.
6. The situation on the labor market is getting … (bad). It is
getting … (hard) to find an appropriate job.
7. The group of old friends arrived to the station … (late)
than everyone else.
8. I used to go to the swimming pool … (often) than I do
right now.
9. This test was very difficult. I know you can do much …
(good).
10. They moved … (far) than they’d planned.
Упражнение 7. Образуйте степени сравнения наречий
или прилагательных.
1. Jim speaks English (fluently) … now than last year.
2. Sandy greeted me (politely) … of all.
3. Milla smiled (happily) … than before.
4. Alice dances (gracefully) … of all.
5. Could you write (clearly) …?
6. The Nile is a bit (long) … than the Amazon.
7. Moscow is definitely one of (big) … cities in the world.
164
8. Planes can fly (high) … than birds.
9. Now, Samuel drives (carefully) … than before.
10. Jerry can run (fast) … than Johny.
11. Our team played (badly) … of all.
12. Lisa worked (hard) … than ever before.
13. Mumbai is a bit (big) … than Sao Paulo.
14. Seoul is definitely (over – populated) … city in the
world.
15. The boss arrived (early) … than we expected.
16. The children walked (slowly) … than the rest of the
people.
17. My relatives talked (loudly) … than the other guests.
18. Sam hit his arm (hard) … than before.
19. The Polish athlete jumps (high) … than the other
sportsmen.
20. The coast of Canada is much (long) … than the coast of
Indonesia.
21. London has (busy) … airport in the world.
22. Jimmy threw the ball (far) … than Pete.
23. We answered all the questions (well) … than the other
students.
24. Our new teacher explains the exercises (badly) … than
our old teacher.
25. The young mechanic checked the car (thoroughly) …
than the old mechanic.
26. Every morning I get up 10 minutes (early) … than my
sister.
27. Los Angeles is much (far) … to the south than San
Francisco.
28. Jane is (clever) … person in the company.
29. Please, speak (clearly) … .
30. Bob ran (slowly) … than his classmates.
31. Boris plays (well) … of all the team.
32. We answered all the questions (well) … than the other
students.
33. France is far (popular) … with tourists than the USA.
34. This is (good) … pasta I’ve ever had!
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6. Глагол (The Verb)
Таблица времен глаголов английского языка
ACTIVE (действительный залог)
Infinitive:
to write
Simple
(Indefinite)
Continious
(Progressive)
Perfect
Perfect
Continious
(Perfect
Progressive)
Present
(настоящее)
Past
(прошлое)
Future
(будущее)
Future
in the Past
I write
He writes.
He wrote.
He will
write.
He would
write.
I am writing
He is writing.
You were
writing.
He was
writing.
He will be
writing.
He would
be writing.
I have
written.
He has
written.
He had
written.
He will
have
written.
He would
have
written.
I have been
writing.
He has been
writing.
He had been
writing.
He will
have been
writing.
He would
have been
writing.
6.1. Настоящее простое время
(The Present Simple Tense)
Образование
The Present Simple Tense – это личная форма инфинити-
ва без частицы to. В третьем лице единственного числа глагол принимает окончание -s или -es, которое читается по тем
же правилам, что и окончание множественного числа имен
существительных. У некоторых глаголов в 3-ем лице следующая форма: go – goes, do – does, have – has .
Вопросительная и отрицательная форма образуются
при помощи вспомогательного глагола do в настоящем
времени, который в 3-м лице единственного числа имеет
форму does.
166
Утвердительное Вопросительное Отрицательное
I work Do I work ? I don’t work (do not)
YOU work Do you work ? YOU don’t work
HE works Does he work ? HE doesn’t work (does not)
SHE works Does she work ? SHE doesn’t work
It works Does it work? It doesn’t work
WE work Do we work ? WE don’t work
YOU work Do you work ? YOU don’t work
THEY work Do they work ? THEY don’t work
Do you live in Moscow? Does he live in Moscow?
Ты живешь в Москве? Он живет в Москве?
I do not live in St. Petersburg.
Я не живу в Санкт-Петербурге.
He does not live in St. Petersburg.
Он не живет в Санкт-Петербурге.
Краткие ответы строятся следующим образом:
Yes, I do. – Да.
No, I do not. No, I don’t – Нет.
Yes, he does. – Да.
No, he does not. No, he doesn’t – Нет.
Глагол to be не нуждается во вспомогательных глаголах
для образования форм настоящего времени.
Спряжение глагола to be в простом настоящем:
Утвердительное Вопросительное Отрицательное
I am Am I? I am not
YOU are Are you? YOU are not (aren’t)
HE, SHE, IT is Is he, she, it? HE,SHE, IT is not (isn’t)
WE are Are we? We are not
YOU are Are you? You are not
They are Are they? They are not
167
Упражнение 1. Употребите глагол to be в соответствую-
щей форме.
1. Hello. How … you?
2. How … your daughter today?
3. ‘… you English? ‘Yes, I … .’
4. ‘Judith … a doctor?’ ‘No, she … . She … a dentist.’
5. ‘… they artists?’ ‘No, they …’
Употребление
1. The Present Simple Tense употребляется для обозначения
обычных, регулярно повторяющихся или постоянных
действий. Для него характерно употребление следующих
словосочетаний:
every day каждый день
(evening, morning) (вечер, утро)
in the evening вечером
in the morning утром
in the afternoon днем
twice a week два раза в неделю
Например:
I go to my work on foot.
Я хожу на работу пешком (всегда).
Peter swims well.
Петя плавает хорошо (вообще).
Ann goes to the Sea every summer.
Анна ездит на море каждое лето (повторяющееся дей-
ствие).
С глаголами в Present Simple часто употребляются такие
наречия, как:
always всегда
often часто
seldom редко
usually обычно
never никогда
sometimes иногда
I sometimes meet your father at the station.
Я иногда встречаю твоего отца на станции.
My parents always spend their holidays at the seaside.
Мои родители всегда проводят отпуск на море.
168
Наречия неопределенного времени обычно ставятся пе-
ред смысловым глаголом.
Глагол to be употребляется перед наречием:
I am always late for school.
Я всегда опаздываю в школу.
2. Для выражения действий, не зависящих от людей, которые отражают объективные процессы в природе и обществе.
The Earth goes round the Sun.
Земля вращается вокруг Солнца (постоянно).
3. Для выражения действия, которое обязательно произойдет в будущем, когда речь идет о расписании, программе
и т.д. (например: для транспорта, магазинов и т.д.)
The train leaves London next Friday at 8 a.m. and arrives
in Leeds at 11 a.m.
Поезд отправляется из Лондона в 8 часов утра в следую-
щую пятницу и прибывает в Лидс в 11 часов.
This shop opens at seven o’clock tomorrow morning.
Магазин откроется завтра в 7 часов утра.
4. В предположениях, когда мы можем сказать:
Why don’t you …? Why don’t you go for a walk?
Почему бы вам не пойти на прогулку?
5. Употребляется в восклицательных предложениях:
How swiftly the years fly!
Как быстро летят годы!
Упражнение 2. Образуйте 3-е лицо единственное число
следующих глаголов.
To see, to show, to play, to study, to go, to do, to watch, to
have, to pass.
Упражнение 3. Поставьте глаголы в соответствующую
форму.
1. He always (to listen) … to the radio in the morning.
2. They (to have) … a three-room flat.
3. She (to go) … shopping every day.
4. Pete (to have) … an English class every Monday.
5. Mary often (to write) … letters.
169
6. She (to travel) … a lot in her work.
7. I (to get) … up before six o’clock.
8. Sam and Virginia (to live)… in Leeds.
9. Sam (to like)… dancing and tennis.
10. Greta (to play) … the piano very well.
Упражнение 4. Поставьте do или does.
1. … your father work in a garage?
2. What time … you finish work in the evening?
3. What … your husband do?
4. … both your children go to the same school?
5. Where … they have lunch?
6. … your grandmother work?
7. When … Andrew’s sister have dinner?
8. … my parents live in a big flat?
Упражнение 5. Поставьте глаголы в соответствующую
форму.
1. What languages … you … (to speak)
2. They … my e-mail. (not to know)
3.Where … your mother …? (to live)
4. What time … you … work? (to start)
5. Mary … on Friday afternoons. (not to work)
6. … Sara … reading? (to like)
7. … they … French in Switzerland? (to speak)
8. I watch football, but I … it. (not to play)
6. Present Simple также употребляется в придаточных предложениях времени после союзов when, after, before, till/
until, as soon as, while, условия после союзов if, unless, in
case, и уступки even if, even though, whatever, whenever,
however и др., для выражения действий относящихся к
будущему времени. (См. Способы выражения будущего
времени стр. 215)
Even if it snows we’ll go for a drive.
Даже если будет снег, мы поедем на прогулку.
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