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4. He said the secretary … (phone already) Mr. Brown.
5. Peter said that the Spartak players (score) three goals
before the end of the first half.
6. He told them he … (speak) to Mr. Smith about it if he
(see) him the next day. (I тип условных предложений)
7. Jenny said she … (join) us the following day.
8. Ann said she (go) out that night.
9. She said she … (attend) Professor Donald’s lecture the
previous day.
10. Miss Brown said that Dr. Dolby … (speak) on the phone
then.
11. She said her husband … (be) a manager at a big factory.
12. The teacher said that Byron … (be born) on January 22,
1788.
13. He said that he … (meet) Andy when he was going to the
supermarket.
14. Mr. Lawson said the manager … (be) back in London the
following day.
15. He said he (enjoy) the film the previous day.
16. The secretary told Mr. Black that Mr. Brown … (call)
him up two hours before.
17. The secretary said Mr. Brown … (be engaged) then.
18. Mary says she … (book) tickets for the cinema tomorrow.
19. He said that he … (finish) his new collection of stories
the previous month.
Вопросительные предложения
При преобразовании специальных и общих вопросов из
прямой речи в косвенную, слова автора становятся главным
предложением, а непосредственно сам вопрос – придаточным с прямым порядком слов.
Прямая речь → Mary asked: ”When did they see Tom?”
Обратный порядок слов:
вспомогательный глагол + подлежащее + сказуемое
Косвенная речь → Mary asked when they had seen Tom.
Прямой порядок слов:
подлежащее + (вспомогательный глагол) + сказуемое
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Структура специальных косвенных вопросов
Главное
предложение
союзное
слово
Придаточное предложение
подлежа-
щее
сказуемое
второстепен-
ные члены
предложения
Mary asked,
Mary inquires
Mary wants
to know
Mary
wondered
who
what
why
where
when
what
film
—
—
Bob has sold his car.
Bob had seen the previous
had bought
lies
a new house.
on her table.
Sunday.
1. Специальные вопросы в косвенной речи вводятся вопросительными местоимениями, которые становятся союзными словами. Легче всего преобразовать в косвенную
речь вопросы к подлежащему, начинающиеся с вопросительных слов who, what, так как в косвенной речи сохраняется структура прямого вопроса (с обратным порядком
слов) и остается только соблюдать правила согласова-
ния времен. Помните, что в вопросах к подлежащему
отсутствуют вспомогательные глаголы do, does и did, а
сказуемое приобретает окончания настоящего или прошедшего времени.
2. Остальные специальные вопросы в косвенной речи изменяют свою структуру: обратный порядок слов заменяется
прямым (подлежащее следует непосредственно за союзным словом).
Упражнение 5. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.
1. Jim asked me what my … .
1) job was 2) job is 3) job will be
2. Mandy asks me where … .
1) I live 2) I lived 3) do I live
3. My boss asked me why … .
1) I am late 2) I was late 3) was I late
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4. Michael wanted to know when … my working day.
1) I will finish 2) I would finish 3) would I finish
5. Victor asks me how … pasta.
1) cooked I 2) I cooked 3) I cook
6. Our sales manager asked who … Chinese.
1) could speak 2) can speak 3) cans speak
7. Alfred wanted to know how much that … .
1) was laptop 2) laptop is 3) laptop was
8. Emma asked Sam where … so far.
1) he had traveled
2) had he traveled
3) he has traveled
9. Ron asked me why … early.
1) I have left 2) I had left 3) had I left
10. Molly wonders what … in the mall recently.
1) Irene had bought
2) had Irene bought
3) Irene has bought
11. Paul asks Ben what … to at the moment.
1) he was listening
2) he is listening
3) he will be listening
12. Daniel asked his parents when … back home.
1) have they come 2) they had come 3) they has come
13. Walter wanted to know why … so slowly.
1) I was walking 2) was I walking 3) I am walking
14. Fred inquires how … to the airport.
1) I would get 2) would I get 3) I will get
15. Emily wanted to know what the password to my computer … .
1) has been 2) is 3) was
16. I asked her when … me this book to read.
1) will she give
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2) she would give
3) would she give
17. He asked where … dollars for the local currency.
1) he could exchange
2) could he exchange
3) he can exchange
18. William wants to know what … to John.
1) happen
2) have happened
3) has happened
Упражнение 6. Передайте следующие вопросы в косвен-
ной речи.
Пример: “Who is he?” she asked.
– She asked who he was.
1. “Why is she working so late?” he asked.
2. “What’s her name?” Tim asked.
3. “What did she buy yesterday?” he asked.
4. “Where did you manage to eat?” she wonders.
5. “Where have they got this big money?” she asked.
6. “How did you do that?” she asked.
7. “What do you like about your university?” Nick wanted
to know.
8. “What sport activity did you have last?” the coach
wondered.
9. “What good habits have you formed at school?” he asks.
10. “How often do you go on trips?” George asked.
11. “How long have you been away?” she wanted to know.
12. “Which of these dresses suits me best? Dolly asked.
13. “What will you do in future?” Dad wondered.
14. “Why did you come back?” mother asked.
15. “What are you doing now?” my cousin asked.
16. “Who used my tooth brush?” a friend of mine asked.
17. “Where are you living at the moment?” Henry asks.
Общие вопросы в косвенной речи
1. Общие вопросы, начинающиеся со вспомогательного
или модального глагола, вводятся в косвенной речи союзами if или whether, которые имеют значение части-
284
цы ли. Союз if или whether, помещается перед косвенным общим вопросом, который приобретает структуру
утверждения с прямым порядком слов. Вспомогательные
глаголы do, does, did опускаются, остальные (am, is, are,
was, were, will, have, has, had), а также модальные глаголы, употреб ляются по правилу согласования времен.
Прямая речь → Sam asks: ”Do you eat meat?” (обратный
порядок слов)
Косвенная речь → Sam asks if I eat meat. (прямой поря-
док слов)
Структура общих косвенных вопросов
Главное
предло-
жение
Союз Придаточное предложение
подле-
жащее
сказуемое
второстепенные
члены предложе-
ния
Sam asks
me
Sam
asked meifwhether
if
whether
I swim
have swum
will swim
I swam
had swum
would swim
well
recently
tomorrow
well
well in my childhood
the following day
2. Краткие ответы на общие вопросы в косвенной речи передаются путем повторения вспомогательного (или модального) глагола, который содержится в кратком прямом
ответе. Этот глагол может меняться в соответствии с правилом согласования времен и вводится союзом that:
— Have you been here before?
— Yes, I have.
He asked me if I had been there before and I said that I had.
Упражнение 7. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.
1. John asked me if … an architect.
1) I am 2) I was 3) I have been
2. Don asked me if … to Italy yet.
1) I had been 2) I have been 3) had I been
285
3. Lucy asked me whether … older than me.
1) my brother is
2) was my brother
3) my brother was
4. George asked us if … to the cinema.
1) we were going 2) we are going 3) we will be going
5. Jack asked me whether … the book to the library yet.
1) I have returned 2) I had returned 3) had I returned
6. Luis asked me if … for him.
1) I could wait 2) could I wait 3) can I wait
7. Hanna asked me whether … that dress.
1) should she buy
2) she should bought
3) she should buy
8. Diane asked if … to leave so early.
1) she has 2) had she 3) she had
9. Nick asked me whether … him to move the sofa.
1) I would help 2) I will help 3) would I help
10. Doctor asked me if … good.
1) I feel 2) I felt 3) do I will feel
11. He wanted to know if … far away.
1) the station is
2) the station was
3) the station been
12. He asked Melany whether … to join them at 6 p.m.
1) she wants 2) will she want 3) she wanted
13. The policeman asked Frank if … the money.
1) he had stolen 2) has he stolen 3) he stealed
14. Joan asked Kate whether … pizza.
1) she could make
2) can she make
3) she could made
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Упражнение 8. Передайте следующие вопросы в косвен-
ной речи.
Пример: “Do you sleep well?”
– The doctor asked me if/whether I slept well.
1 “Is anything wrong with you?” she asked Lynn.
2. “Do you sometimes have headaches?” she asked Nancy.
3. “Are you taking any medicine now?” the doctor asked.
4. “Did you spend much time out- of-doors when you were a
child?” he asked.
5. “Do you do any other sport besides tennis? the coach
asked Sam.
6. “Have you a good appetite?” Mom asked me.
7. “Did you usually go to bed late in your teens? my friend
asked me.
8. “Will you follow my advice?” the senior manager asked
him.
9. “Is she British?” he asked.
10. “Can Molly speak English?” Tim asked.
11. “Did England impress you much?” my parents asked me.
12. “Did Rick come home yesterday?” she asked.
13. “Does Megan like travelling?” they asked.
14. “Will you come to my place on Friday?” Brian asked me.
15. “Is it your second visit to Belarus?” Olga asked Sandy.
16. “Will Molly stay at the hotel long?” Sandy asked.
Предложения в повелительном наклонении
1. Для передачи в косвенной речи просьб и приказаний используются главным образом глаголы ask, tell, а содержание просьбы или приказа передается глаголом в форме
инфинитива с частицей to. Приказания запрещающего
характера передаются в косвенной речи сочетанием not
to с инфинитивом.
to eat less sugar.
Lora advised me
_
not to eat so much sugar.
+
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2. После глаголов, которые выражают повелительное наклонение, обязательно наличие косвенного беспредложного дополнения:
He asked her … \ He advised students … .
Наиболее употребляемые глаголы для передачи повели-
тельного наклонения в косвенной речи:
order приказывать
command командовать
request просить
require требовать
warn предупреждать, предостерегать
advise советовать
recommend рекомендовать
forbid запрещать
beg умолять, просить
3. Предложения типа
Let me help you. Позволь помочь тебе
Let’s do it together. Давай сделаем это вместе
в косвенной речи вводятся преимущественно глаголами
offer и suggest, кроме того, изменяется структура модели. За
глаголом offer непосредственно следует инфинитив с частицей to, а после глагола suggest следует герундий (V
), либо
ing
дополнительное придаточное предложение с глаголом should
плюс инфинитив:
Let me help you.
Let’s do it together.
He offered + to help.
He suggested + doing that together.
He suggested that they should
do that together.
Упражнение 9. Замените прямую речь косвенной, ис-
пользуя глаголы из п. 2.
1. “Call me at 7p.m.” said Mr. Jones.
2 “Don’t bring any food or drink” said Johanna.
3. “Be careful while driving your car” said Mom.
4. “Don’t be late” said the boss to me.
5. “Study harder at university, my sonny” said Dad.
6. “Listen to the instructions carefully” said the teacher.
288
7. “Ask somebody else about this accident” said Greg.
8. “Don’t tell this secret information to anybody” said
Collin.
9. “Read this interesting book” said Bob.
10. “Don’t make any noise, I’m working” said Amy.
11. “Don’t ask me silly questions” said David.
12. “Take the dog for a walk” said my granny.
Упражнение 10. Замените прямую речь косвенной.
1. “Let’s cheer Ann up” said John.
2. “Let’s invite our neighbours to the party” said Dad.
3. “Let us know when you are coming” said my parents.
4. “Let her go. She is not to blame” said one of the policemen.
5. “Let’s have lunch in the garden” said Granny.
6. “Let Jim say what he wants” said General manager.
7. “Let’s take some photographs of your new car” said Bob.
8. “Let’s exchange the ideas” said a designer to his
colleagues.
Контрольный тест 6
Прямая и косвенная речь. Согласование времен
(Variant I)
I. Выберите правильный вариант косвенной речи.
1. I said: “Henry will not get there on time”.
a) I said that Henry wouldn’t get there on time.
b) I said that Henry will not get there on time.
2. Helen asks: “Did Sandra go shopping yesterday?”
a) Helen asks if Sandra went shopping the day before.
b) Helen asks if Sandra doesn’t go shopping the day before.
3. Berta asked: “Who wrote this novel?”
a) Berta asked who did write this novel.
b) Berta asked who had written that novel.
4. Robert asked: “Have you passed your driving test?”
a) Robert asked if I had passed my driving test.
b) Robert asked if I passed my driving test.
5. Marta (to her younger brother): “Don’t watch TV. It’s late.”
a) Marta told her younger brother not to watch TV, because
it was late.
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b) Marta told her younger brother don’t watch TV, because
it is late.
II. Выберите правильный вариант прямой речи.
1. Nick said that he had been very successful working for IT
company.
a) Nick: “I have been very successful working for IT com-
pany.”
b) Nick: “I has been very successful working for IT company.”
2. He said that I could come and stay at his flat if I was ever in
London.
a) He said: “You could come and stay at my flat if you were
ever in London.”
b) He said: “You can come and stay at my flat if you are ever
in London.”
3. Fred said he earned much money.
a) Fred: “I earned much money.”
b) Fred: “I earn much money.”
4. Karina told us that she wouldn’t look after her pet properly.
a) Karina: “I won’t look after my pet properly.”
b) Karina: “I wouldn’t look after my pet properly.”
5. Charly asked the receptionist when he could see a maid (горничная).
a) Charly: “When can I see a maid?”
b) Charly: “When I could see the room maid?”
III. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.
1. The chef asked me if I … my dinner.
a) enjoyed b) enjoy c) have enjoyed
2. Their children said they … to school the following year.
a) will be going b) will go c) would go
3. Susan said that she … twenty years old the previous Friday.
a) will be b) had been c) was
4. Liz says she … this film twice.
a) already saw b) had already seen c) has already seen
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