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Файл:Новый тренажер по английскому языку от простого к сложному
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Будущее Будущее в прошедшем
Future Simple
(shall / will work)
Future Continuous
(shall / will be working)
the Future Perfect
(shall / will have worked)
Future Perfect Continuous
(shall / will have been
working)
Future Simple-in-the-Past
(should / would work)
Future Continuous- in-the-Past
(should / would be working)
Future Perfect-in-the-Past
(should / would have worked
Future Perfect Continuousin-the Past
(should / would have been working)
Все 4 формы «будущего в прошедшем» употребляются в
тех же значениях, как и обычные формы будущего времени,
с той только разницей, что действие в этом случае представляется будущим не с момента речи в настоящем, а с какого-нибудь момента в прошлом. Грамматическое значение английских глаголов в формах «будущее в прошедшем» в русском языке передают глаголами в будущем времени:
We knew that we should manage somehow.
Мы знали, что как-нибудь справимся.
I expected we should be having coffee after dinner as usual.
Я полагаю, что мы, как обычно, будем пить кофе после
обеда.
I hoped she would have had supper ready by the time we got
home.
Я надеялся, что она уже приготовит ужин к нашему при-
ходу.
The Future-in-the-Past Tense употребляется для выраже-
ния будущих действий, о которых шла речь в прошлом, со
следующими обстоятельствами времени:
Будущее Будущее в прошедшем
tomorrow
the day after tomorrow
next week
the next day
two days later
the fallowing week
Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в
Future Simple или Future Simple -in-the-Past.
1. I know we ... (not to be) late.
2. I knew we … (not to be) late.
231
3. I want to know whether he … (to be) at home.
4. I wanted to know whether he … (to be) at home.
5. «When you … (to be) ready?» he asked.
6. He asked when I … (to be) ready.
7. I can’t say whether Bob … (to do) the work perfectly, but
he … (to do) his best.
8. He asked me whether he … (to see) Olga there.
9. Are you sure that we … (to have) time to do that?
10. I was afraid he … (to say), «I don’t think I … (to be) able
to come».
11. I did not know what he … (to speak) about.
12. I knew your aunt … (to bake) special cookies for all her
nieces and nephews.
Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы
в Future Perfect-in-the-Past, Future Continuous-in-the-Past,
Future Simple-in-the-Past
1. He said that he … (to take) his examination by the first
of July.
2. He said that she … (to give) an English lesson at 5 o’clock.
3. He thought that I … (to work) all day.
4. I said that I … (to copy) the text by 6 o’clock.
5. He said that he… (to read) the whole evening.
6. She said that she … (to finish) this work before they
return.
7. I said that I … (to translate) the article by 7 o’clock
tomorrow.
8. He knew that she … (to return) next week.
9. He asked them whether they (to take part) in that work.
10. I said that I (to go) there the next day.
Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы
в Future Perfect-in-the-Past, Future Continuous-in-the-Past,
Future Simple-in-the-Past
1. I heard that the new film … (to be) on in many cinemas.
2. We were told that the teacher … (to correct) our papers by
the beginning of the lesson.
3. She imagined that she … (not to like) this TV programme.
4. He believed that the train … (to arrive) on time.
5. She said that the children … (to play) in the yard all
evening.
232
6. She was sure that all the newspapers … ( to publish) this
information.
7. I supposed that they … (to win) the game.
8. He believed that I … (to go) to the south.
9. She was sure that my sister … (not to forget) to ring
me up.
10. I supposed that I … (to do) my work by nine o’clock.
11. We were told that the tourists … (not to return) by
sunset.
12. The letter said that my friends … (to wait) for me.
13. I supposed that my friend … (to return) by that time.
14. He understood that they … (to work) the whole evening.
Контрольный тест 4 (Tenses in Active)
1. By the 25th of December she … on this project for six
months.
1) will be working 3) will work
2) will have been working 4) work
2. John … dinner when the telephone … .
1) was cooking, ring 3) was cooking, rang
2) cooked, was ringing 4) cooked, was ringing
3. I … to explain the rule when Pam … .
1) tried, came 3) was trying, came
2) were trying, came 4) tried, was coming
4. He … the whole evening.
1) will be reading 3) reads
2) is reading 4) will read
5. She’s very tired. She … in the garden since early morning.
1) is working 3) has been working
2) has worked 4) worked
6. He … a letter to his friend at 5 o’clock tomorrow.
1) will be writing 3) will have been writing
2) is writing 4) will write
7. Don’t worry – I … writing my report by Friday. I’ll give it to
you then.
1) will finish 3) will be finishing
2) will have finished 4) will have been finished
233
8. I … most of his novels by the end of the holiday.
1) read 3) had read
2) has read 4) was reading
9. At last Kate came. I … for two hours.
1) was waiting 3) has waited
2) had been waiting 4) waited
10. Claire … very annoying at the moment! She is usually a
very obedient girl.
1) is being 2) is
11. I … my keys. I can’t find them.
1) have lost 3) lost
2) lose 4) had lost
12. I … in Spain when I was a child.
1) have lived 3) had lived
2) lived 4) was lived
13. They … their suitcases when the taxi arrived.
1) packed 3) have packed
2) were packing 4) have been packing
14. I am so worried. It is already late, and the children … yet.
1) don’t come 3) haven’t come
2) haven’t been coming 4) hadn’t come
15. She … for dinner this evening.
1) comes 3) will comes
2) is coming 4) came
16. When I … to the news, I … about that tragedy.
1) was listening, learnt 3) listened, had learnt
2) listened, learnt 4) had listened, learnt
17. No one … the show very much.
1) had enjoyed 3) didn’t enjoyed
2) was enjoyed 4) enjoyed
18. Wake up! You … for ten hours already.
1) sleep 3) have been sleeping
2) slept 4) has slept
234
19. I … at the hotel from Monday to Friday.
1) will be staying 3) stay
2) will staying 4) stays
20. We … for a few hours when finally we saw a village.
1) walked 3) were walking
2) have waked 4) had been walking
21. We are going to the cinema. Who … to join us?
1) want 3) does want
2) is wanting 4) wants
22. Tom burnt his hand when he … dinner.
1) cooked 3) has cooked
2) was cooking 4) cooks
23. I saw you in the park yesterday. You … on the grass and
reading a book.
1) were sitting 3) sit
2) was sitting 4) have sit
24. While I was working in the garden, I … my back.
1) have hurt 3) hurted
2) hurt 4) had hurt
25. How long have you … that book?
1) been reading 3) reads
2) read 4) to read
26. Mary is still writing letters. She … letters all day.
1) have been writing 3) is writing
2) writes 4) has been writing
27. They … tennis since 2 o’clock.
1) have been playing 3) were playing
2) played 4) play
28. Shakespeare … many plays.
1) has written 3) had written
2) wrote 4) was writing
29. My sister is a writer. She … many books.
1) writes 3) has written
2) wrote 4) is written
235
30. We … in this house for twenty years by May.
1) will have leaved 3) will leave
2) are living 4) will have been living
31. We’re late. The film already … by the time we get to the
cinema.
1) will start 3) starts
2) will have started 4) started
32. Hurry up! The next bus … at 8.15.
1) leave 3) leaves
2) leaving 4) will be leaving
33. Bill … to Paris tomorrow at five o’clock in the morning.
1) flies 3) will be flying
2) will have flown 4) fly
34. Excuse me, but you … in my seat. – Oh, I am sorry.
1) sit 3) are sitting
2) is sitting 4) has sat
35. When he … the translation, he went to the kitchen and
made some tea.
1) finish 3) has finished
2) finishes 4) finished
36. You can turn off the radio. I … to it.
1) don’t listen 3) not listening
2) am not listening 4) doesn’t listen
37. I was late but my friends … for me when I arrived.
1) was waiting 3) were waiting
2) waited 4) have waited
38. I have … this ballad already and I am in no mood to do it
again.
1) sing 3) sang
2) song 4) sung
39. Only when the guests … he managed to speak to his
daughter.
1) have left 3) were left
2) had left 4) had been left
236
40. – You mentioned your appointment with Mr. Brown. – Yes,
I … him on Monday at 5.
1) see 3) am seeing
2) is seeing 4) will be seen
41. I … her. I am glad she has agreed to marry me.
1) always loved 3) have always loved
2) had always loved 4) was always loving
42. – Can you come out to play? – No, we … dinner at the
moment.
1) are having 3) have been having
2) have 4) were having
43. I suppose he … about his new invention one day.
1) talks 3) will have talked
2) is talking 4) will talk
44. The mechanics … the engine apart several times before they
were able to locate the source of the rattle.
1) have taken 3) had been taking
2) have been taking 4) had taken
45. I can’t help being angry! You … at the lessons all the time.
1) chats 3) has been chatting
2) chat 4) are chatting
46. Where have you … the money?
1) hid 3) hided
2) hidden 4) hiding
47. By that moment everyone … their seats and was listening
attentively.
1) took 3) had taken
2) was taking 4) had been taken
48. I … this position for years and I am not going to give it up!
1) have been holding 3) hold
2) am holding 4) held
49. Watch out! You … fall.
1) are going to 3) is going
2) will 4) are
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50. The student … the question while the teacher … .
1) answered, listened
2) was answering, was listening
3) was answering, listened
4) were answering, was listening
7. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
(Modal Verbs and their Equivalents)
Модальные глаголы – это такие глаголы, которые вы-
ражают не само действие, а отношение говорящего к нему.
Точнее, возможность, вероятность, способность или необходимость его совершения. Поэтому модальные глаголы используют в предложении не самостоятельно, а только вместе
со смысловым глаголом, который выражает действие.
I swim. Я плаваю. (действие)
I can swim. Я умею плавать.
(Can — модальный глагол, выражает способность пла-
вать; swim — смысловой глагол).
1. К модальным глаголам относятся глаголы:
can, could могу, умею (мог, умел)
may, might можешь, можно, (можно было)
must
should
ought to
должен, обязан
должен, следует
должен, следует, обязан
2. Некоторые глаголы и выражения в английском языке
могут также приобретать значение модальности. К ним
относятся: have (got) to = (must), had better = (should),
be able to = (can), be to = (must), need = (must)
3. Модальные глаголы не имеют неличных форм – инфинитива, герундия и причастия, а также окончания -s в 3-м
лице единственного числа. Инфинитив, с которым сочетаются модальные глаголы, употребляется без частицы to.
Неnry can do it. Генри может это сделать.
He must do it. Он должен это сделать.
She may do it. Она может это сделать.
238
4. Вопросительная и отрицательная формы модальных глаголов в Present и Past Simple образуются без вспомогательных глаголов do, does, did.
В вопросительной форме модальный глагол ставится пе-
ред подлежащим:
Can you do it? Ты можешь это сделать?
Need he do it? Ему нужно это делать?
May you do it? Мог бы ты это сделать?
Ought she to do it? Следует ли ей это делать?
Must you do it? Должен ли ты это делать?
В отрицательной форме частица not ставится сразу же
после модального глагола.
You may not smoke here. Здесь курить не разрешается.
Модальные глаголы имеют следующие сокращенные от-
рицательные формы: can’t, cannot, may not, couldn’t,
mightn’t, needn’t, mustn’t, oughtn’t, shouldn’t.
Значение и употребление модальных глаголов
Can
Can в значении «мочь», «уметь» используется, чтобы
выражать возможность совершения действия. Это один из
самых распространенных и часто употребляемых модальных
глаголов. Он относится к недостаточным глаголам, которые
существуют не во всех формах.
Две формы глагола can:
• can — настоящее время
• could — прошедшее время и сослагательное наклонение
При отрицании к этому глаголу стандартно прибавляется
отрицательная частица not, но она, в отличие от других случаев, становится составной частью слова – cannot.
Can и not пишутся раздельно в тех случаях, когда not яв-
ляется частью другой конструкции. Одна из наиболее часто
употребляемых таких конструкций – «not only…, but also» (не
только…, но и). Также возможна сокращенная форма – can’t.
I cannot create a document. — Я не могу создать документ.
I can not only create a document, but also edit it. — Я могу
не только создать документ, но и редактировать его.
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Случаи употребления глагола
Can
• Умственная или физическая активность, способность,
умение что-то делать. Если умение относится к прошлому,
используется could.
I can memorize 20 words in 5 minutes.
Я могу запомнить 20 слов за 5 минут (умственная актив-
ность).
He could run faster.
Он мог бежать быстрее (физическая активность).
• Общая или теоретическая вероятность совершения дей-
ствия.
She can do anything.
Она может cделать что угодно.
You can get knowledge from books.
Вы можете получать знания из книг.
• Выражение просьбы.
В данном случае можно употребить как can, так и could,
но последний вариант будет более вежливым и формальным.
Can you wait for me outside?
Можешь подождать меня на улице?
Could you tell me how to get to the museum?
Не могли бы вы сказать мне, как добраться до музея?
• Разрешение сделать что-либо, просьба о разрешении
произвести определенные действия, запрет.
Can I take a photo?
Могу я сделать фотографию?
You can do whatever you want.
Ты можешь делать все, что захочешь.
You cannot enter the room without my permission.
Вы не можете входить в комнату без моего разрешения.
• Выражение удивления, упрека или недоверия.
Can it be true?
Неужели это правда?
You could at least give me a hint!
Ты мог бы хотя бы намекнуть мне!
No, she can’t treat me like this.
Нет, она не может так поступать со мной.
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