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Файл:Английский язык. Устная речь. Ч.2. Учебное пособие для студентов 1 курса 2 семестра гуманитарного института
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Organisation's Executive Committee. Generally speaking,
the Assembly takes decisions by a simple majority in the
form of resolutions. Each Member State representative has
one vote.
The Executive Committee supervises the execution of
the General Assembly decisions and the work of the
Secretary General. The President and three Vice-Presidents
must belong to different countries. The President of the
Organisation is elected by the General Assembly for a
period of four years. His role is to chair the General
Assembly and Executive Committee and ensure that
Interpol's activities conform with decisions made at these
meetings.
The General Secretariat (the headquarters) located in
Lyon, France, operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
Officials from more than 80 countries work side-by-side in
any of the organisation’s four official languages: Arabic,
English, French and Spanish. The Secretariat has seven
regional offices across the world, a liaison office at the
United Nations in New York and special representatives at
the EU in Brussels. The General Secretariat is headed by the
Secretary General of the Organisation, who is appointed by
the General Assembly for a period of 5 years and can be re-
elected. The Secretary General is the Organisation’s chief
full-time official. He is responsible for seeing that the dayto-day work of international police co-operation is carried
out, and he is in charge of the implementation of the
decisions of the General Assembly and Executive
Committee.
Every member country has an Interpol office called a
National Central Bureau which is staffed by its own police
and keeps in touch with the General Secretariat.
Interpol's principle target is the international criminal, of
which there are three main categories:
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1) Criminals that operate in more than one country, such as
smugglers, dealing mainly with gold and narcotics and
other illegal drugs;
2) Criminals who commit crimes in one country and flee to
another,
3) Criminals who do not travel at all but whose crimes affect
other countries for example a counterfeiter of foreign
banknotes.
Interpol's mission is to promote police cooperation: to
help officers from different forces, countries, and cultures to
cooperate with one another and work together to solve
crime. So Interpol's work is largely related to public safety,
terrorism and organised crime.
The official languages of Interpol are English, French,
Spanish and Arabic.
11. Восстановите хронологическую
последовательность событий.
1. Interpol present constitution was adopted.
2. First International Criminal Police Congress was held in
Monaco.
3. Interpol was created.
4. The world’s largest international police organisation
comprises 188 member countries.
12. Прочитайте словосочетания и скажите, какой
вид деятельности не входит в задачи Интерпола.
- to award criminals who commit crimes in one country and
flee to another;
- to ensure public safety;
- to facilitate cross-border police co-operation even where
diplomatic relations do not exist between particular
countries;
- to help officers from different forces, countries, and
cultures to cooperate with one another and work together to
solve crime;
73
- to investigate crimes and seek for criminals that operate in
more than one country, such as smugglers, dealing mainly
with gold and narcotics and other illegal drugs;
- to prevent terrorism and organised crime;
- to prison criminals whose crimes affect other countries for
example a counterfeiter of foreign banknotes;
- to support and assist all organisations, authorities and
services whose mission is to prevent or combat international
crime.
13. Переведите предложения с русского языка на
английский.
1. Международная организация Интерпол была создана
в 1923 году. 2. В ее состав входят 188 стран. 3. Цель
Интерпола – препятствовать распространению международного
терроризма и преступности. 4. Официальными языками
Интерпола являются английский, французский,
испанский и арабский.
14. Почитайте текст второй раз и ответьте на
вопросы.
1. What kind of entity is Interpol?
2. What is the mission of Interpol?
3. What are the main Interpol's governing bodies?
4. How does the General Assembly take decisions?
5. What does the Executive Committee supervise?
6. What is Interpol's chief official responsible for?
7. How is the Secretary General nominated to the position?
8. Where are the headquarters of Interpol located?
9. What are the main categories of Interpol's targets?
10. What are the official languages of Interpol?
15. Составьте план текста.
16. Опираясь на информацию текста, сделайте
краткое сообщение по изученной теме.
74
17. Найдите в сети Интернет интересные факты о
данной международной организации или сообщите
известные вам сведения, не вошедшие в текст.
18. Составьте аннотацию к тексту.
Unit IV. The World Trade Organisation
1. Запишите данные слова в тетрадь и запомните их.
successor – преемник
transparent – прозрачный
predictable – предсказуемый, поддающийся оценке
topmost – самый верхний, самый важный
multilateral – многосторонний
ambassador – посол, специальный представитель
quarrel – ссора, спор, повод к вражде
smoothly – мягко, безболезненно
2. Запишите и запомните следующие словосочетания
и их перевод.
the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – Генеральное
соглашение по тарифам и торговле
the General Council – Генеральный совет
the Dispute Settlement Body – орган по урегулированию
споров
the Trade Policy Review Body – орган по проведению
обзора торговой политики
the Dispute Settlement Understanding – договорённость о
правилах и процедурах, регулирующих разрешение
споров
3. Найдите пары синонимов и запишите их в
тетрадь.
Producer, competition, manufacturer, guide, rival, run.
4. Найдите пары антонимов и запишите их в
тетрадь.
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Exporter, equal, domestic, foreign, predecessor, importer,
predictable, unequal, unpredictable, successor.
5. Переведите следующие слова. Почему их можно
перевести без словаря?
Trans-national, structure, history, partner, dispute, tariff,
procedure.
6. Прочитайте и переведите объяснения к новым
словам.
successor – someone who has an important position after
someone else.
transparent – a transparent process, activity, or organisation
that does not try to keep anything secret.
predictable – if something is predictable, it happens in the
way that you expect.
topmost – highest.
multilateral – involving three or more groups, especially the
governments of three or more countries.
ambassador – a senior official who lives in a foreign country
and represents his or her own country there.
quarrel – a reason for not being friendly or for not agreeing
with someone.
smoothly – without difficulty, problems, or delays.
7. Прочитайте и переведите предложения с новыми
словами с английского языка на русский.
1. They haven't yet named a successor to the outgoing CEO.
2. His successor as president of the council was John Smith.
3. The meeting to appoint a successor to Dr. Brown will be
held on Tuesday. 4. Citizens are asking for a more
transparent democratic government. 5. Most of the films
we've reviewed this summer have had one thing in common
– predictable plots. 6. The results of most of the studies have
been predictable. 7. An ambassador is responsible for an
office called an embassy. 8. We have no quarrel with the
people of the United States. 9. Her life had not been running
76
smoothly. 10. For work to flow smoothly, proper
1. The World Trade Organisation (WTO)
is the only global international
organisation dealing with the rules of
trade ………… nations.
a) between
b) among
c) through
2. The World Trade Organisation has
representatives from all member
governments and has the authority to act
………… behalf of the ministerial
conference which meets about every two
years.
a) from
b) on
c) under
3. The Ministerial Conference brings
together all members of the WTO,
represented ………… by countries
………… customs unions.
a) both …… and
b) either …… or
c) neither … nor
4. The General Council also meets under
different rules, ………… the Dispute
Settlement Body or the Trade Policy
Review Body.
a) what as
b) that
c) such as
preparations must be made.
8. Повторите грамматический материал по теме
«Предлоги. Союзы. Приставки».
9. Заполните пропуски в предложениях верными
предлогами и союзами и переведите эти
предложения.
10. Изучите грамматический материал по теме
«Сложное дополнение. Сложное подлежащее».
11. Переведите предложения с английского языка на
русский.
1. The European Union is known to be the largest political
and economic entity on the European continent. 2. The
European Union was expected to end frequent and bloody
wars between neighbours. 3. People from many countries
expected Interpol to facilitate cross-border police co-
77
operation, to support and to assist all organisations,
authorities and services whose mission was to prevent or
combat international crime. 4. We believe the Organisation
for Security and Co-operation in Europe to have become the
largest security-oriented organisation in the world. 5. The
United Nations is reported officially to come into existence
on 24 October 1945. 6. We would like the North Atlantic
Treaty Organisation not to place the missiles in our
neighbouring countries.
12. Прочитайте текст.
The World Trade Organisation
The World Trade Organisation (WTO) is the only global
international organisation dealing with the rules of trade
between nations. Its goal is to help producers of goods and
services, exporters, and importers conduct their business.
This is the youngest trans-national structure but its history is
great. The World Trade Organisation was founded on 1
January 1995. The WTO is the successor to the General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade signed in 1948.
The WTO has determined the following principles of
trade agreements: all partners are equal; imported and local
goods have equal rights on the domestic markets; trade
barriers should be reduced through negotiations, and
agreements must be transparent and predictable; fair
competition, economic development and economic reforms
must be supported.
The topmost decision-making body of the WTO is the
Ministerial Conference, which usually meets every two
years. It brings together all members of the WTO,
represented either by countries or customs unions. The
Ministerial Conference can take decisions on all matters
under any of the multilateral trade agreements. The daily
work of the Ministerial Conference is handled by three
groups: the General Council, the Dispute Settlement
78
Body, and the Trade Policy Review Body. All three consist
of the same membership – representatives of the WTO
members.
1. The General Council is the WTO’s highest-level
decision-making body. It is located in Geneva. It has
representatives from all member governments and has the
authority to act on behalf of the Ministerial Conference
which meets about every two years. The Council acts on
behalf of the Ministerial Council on the entire WTO affairs.
The General Council also meets under different rules, such
as the Dispute Settlement Body or the Trade Policy Review
Body.
2. The Dispute Settlement Body is made up of all member
governments, and is usually represented by ambassadors.
The WTO’s procedure for resolving trade quarrels is under
the Dispute Settlement Understanding and is vital for
enforcing the rules and therefore for ensuring that trade
flows smoothly.
3. The Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB) is open to all
WTO members. The WTO General Council meets as the
Trade Policy Review Body to undertake trade policy
reviews of the WTO members.
13. Прочитайте словосочетания и скажите, что не
входит в основные принципы, провозглашенные
Всемирной торговой организацией.
all partners are equal; fair competition, economic
development and economic reforms must be supported;
imported and local goods have equal rights on the domestic
markets; stability, based on democratic practices and good
governance must be secured; tension in the region must be
reduced; trade barriers should be reduced through
negotiations and agreements must be transparent and
predictable
79
14. Переведите предложения с русского языка на
английский.
1. Всемирная торговая организация была создана в 1995
году. 2. В ее состав входят 157 стран. 3. Основные
принципы Всемирной торговой организации: равенство,
прозрачность соглашений, поддержка экономических
реформ, сокращение торговых ограничений. 4. Высшим
органом Всемирной торговой организации является
Министерская конференция.
15. Прочитайте текст второй раз и ответьте на
вопросы.
1. What kind of organisation is the WTO?
2. What is the goal of the WTO?
3. When was the WTO founded?
4. Where are the headquarters of the WTO?
5. What are the principles of the WTO trade agreements?
6. What is the topmost decision-making body of the WTO?
7. What are the main functions of the Ministerial
Conference?
8. What is the role of the General Council?
9. What is the role of the Dispute Settlement Body?
10. What is the role of the Trade Policy Review Body?
16. Составьте план текста.
17. Опираясь на информацию текста, сделайте
краткое сообщение по изученной теме.
18. Найдите в сети Интернет интересные факты о
данной международной организации или сообщите
известные вам сведения, не вошедшие в текст.
19. Составьте аннотацию к тексту.
Student’s Independent Work
1. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием текста и ответьте на
вопросы.
80
The Organisation for Security and Cooperation in
Europe (OSCE)
The Organisation for Security and Cooperation in
Europe is the largest security-oriented organisation in the
world. It is an international organisation for securing
stability, based on democratic practices and good
governance. The OSCE currently has 56 participating states
from Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia and North
America.
The Organisation was established in 1973 as the
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE).
However talks had been mooted about a European security
grouping since 1950s. But the Cold War had prevented any
substantial progress until the talks at Finland Hall in
Helsinki in November 1972. These talks were held at the
suggestion of the Soviet Union to reduce tension in the
region by furthering economic cooperation and to strengthen
piece and security in Europe. A unique aspect of the OSCE
is the non-binding status of its provisions. Rather than
being a formal treaty, the OSCE Final Act represents a
political commitment of all signatories to build security and
cooperation in Europe.
The high-level decision making bodies of the
organisation are the Summit and the Ministerial Council,
with the weekly Permanent Council serving as the regular
negotiating and decision-making body, under the leadership
of the Chairman-in-Office, who holds the position for a
year.
The OSCE Secretariat, under the direction of the
Secretary General, provides operational support to the
Organisation. It is based in Vienna, Austria and assisted by
the office in Prague. The Organisation also has offices in
Copenhagen, Geneva, The Hague, Prague and Warsaw.
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