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Файл:Английский язык. Устная речь. Ч.2. Учебное пособие для студентов 1 курса 2 семестра гуманитарного института
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14. Переведите предложения с русского языка на
английский.
1. Всемирная организация по туризму была создана в
1975 году. 2. Всемирная организация по туризму – это
межправительственная организация. 3. Головной офис
Всемирной организации по туризму находится в
Мадриде. 4. В состав Всемирной организации по
туризму входят 154 страны. 5. Официальными языками
Всемирной организации по туризму являются арабский,
английский, французский, русский и испанский. 6. Цель
Всемирной организации по туризму – содействовать
развитию туризма во всем мире.
15. Прочитайте текст второй раз и ответьте на
вопросы.
1. Why was the European Travel Commission established?
2. When did the tourist boom start?
3. When was the World Tourism Organisation established?
4. What organisation established the WTO?
5. What does the WTO promote?
6. What is the main target of the World Tourism
Organisation?
7. What does the WTO do to reach its main goal?
8. Why was the WTO renamed on the 1st of December
2005?
9. What are the official languages of the UNWTO?
10. How many countries does the UNWTO include?
16. Составьте план текста.
17. Опираясь на информацию текста, сделайте
краткое сообщение по изученной теме.
18. Найдите в сети Интернет интересные факты о
данной международной организации или сообщите
известные вам сведения, не вошедшие в текст.
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Unit II. International Railway Organisations
1. Запишите данные слова в тетрадь и запомните их.
severe – суровый
competition – конкуренция
maintenance – ремонт и содержание, техобслуживание
undertaking – предприятие
2. Запишите и запомните следующие словосочетания
и их перевод.
the International Union of Railways – Международный
союз железных дорог
the Community of European Railways and Infrastructure
Companies – Сообщество европейских железных дорог
the Union of the European Railway Industries – Союз
предприятий европейской железнодорожной
промышленности
the European Conference of Ministers of Transport –
Европейская конференция министров транспорта
the Coordinating Council on Trans-Siberian Transportation
– Координационный совет по Транссибирским
перевозкам
the Organisation for Cooperation of Railway Lines –
Организация сотрудничества железных дорог
3. Найдите пары синонимов и запишите их в
тетрадь.
Severe, freight, vocabulary, rivalry, classification,
terminology, grouping, competition, carriage, tense, coach,
cargo.
4. Повторите грамматический материал по теме
«Предлоги. Союзы. Приставки».
5. С помощью приставок il-, im-, in-, ir-, un-
образуйте антонимы к следующим словам:
Accuracy, active, complete, convenient, correct, definite,
dependent, difference, direct, equal, expensive, experienced,
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formal, important, legal, offensive, patience, perfect,
1. Железнодорожные
компании обязаны обеспечить
максимальный уровень
комфорта для пассажиров.
a) The volumes of
transported goods
increased.
2. Объемы перевозимых
товаров возросли.
b) The speeds of business
communication increased.
3. Скорость ведения бизнеса
увеличилась.
c) Railway companies must
provide a maximum level
of comfort to passengers.
personal, polite, possible, regular, responsible, valuable.
6. Переведите следующие группы слов. Можно ли их
перевести без словаря?
- advantage, disadvantage, advantageous, disadvantaged,
advantageously;
- advertisement, advertiser, advertise, advertising;
- build, builder, building, rebuild;
- continent, continental, transcontinental;
- election, re-election, elector, unelected, electoral, elect, reelect, electorate;
- industrialist, industrialisation, industry, industrial,
industrialised, industrious, industrially, industriously;
- nation, national, international, nationalise, supranational,
nationally, internationally, nationalism, nationalist,
nationality, multinational, nationalistic, nationalization;
- transport, transportation, transporter;
- truth, untruth, truthfulness, truthful, truthfully;
- true, untrue, truly.
7. Сопоставьте предложения, данные на русском
языке, с их эквивалентами на английском языке.
8. Переведите предложения с английского языка на
русский.
1. The train and all its cargo arrived. 2. A rail network is
equipped to carry both passengers and freight. 3. The path
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continues along a disused railway. 4. A passenger train is a
train that carries only passengers. A train that carries only
goods is a freight train. 5. The distance between metal rails
or between the wheels of the train is called the gauge.
9. Повторите грамматический материал по теме
«Сложное дополнение. Сложное подлежащее».
10. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, подставив
частицу to, если это необходимо.
1. Every school teacher wishes his pupils ………… enter
the University. 2. He expects her ………… come tomorrow.
3. She wants them ………… use the Internet. 4. Students
didn’t notice the dean ………… enter the room. 5. The chief
allowed a new series of experiments ……….. be continued.
6. The manager of the company would like you …………
take part in the conference. 7. We heard him …………
deliver the report.
11. Прочитайте текст.
International Railway Organisations
Severe competition from other transport modes made
railways establish international railway organisations. Their
work is realized within the framework of several
institutions.
The UIC or the International Union of Railways was
founded in 1922. It promotes cooperation between railways
at the world level and carries out activities to develop
international rail transport. In order to reach understanding,
the UIC has established standard railway terminology and
international classification system of locomotives and
railway carriages. The Soviet Union was among the
founding members of the UIC in 1922. However, the Cold
War made the USSR leave the UIC. Nowadays, a special
working group has been set up to restart cooperation
between JSC Russian Railways and the UIC.
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The Community of European Railways and
1. the International Union of
Railways
a) to design,
manufacture, maintain
and reconstruct rail
transport systems
Infrastructure Companies brings together railway
undertakings and infrastructure companies from the
European Union, Norway, Switzerland and other states. It
promotes modern environmentally friendly modes of rail
transport systems.
The Union of the European Railway Industries is
responsible for design, manufacture, maintenance and
reconstruction of rail transport systems. Besides, there are
some other interesting international alliances such as
international air rail organisations. They develop, build and
operate fast rail air links to passengers.
The European Conference of Ministers of Transport
is an intergovernmental organisation established in October
1953. Russia joined the ECMT in 1997 and has been its
active member ever since. Russian railways are a vital link
for Eurasia from East to West, and from North to South.
The Coordinating Council on Trans-Siberian
Transportation (CCTT) is a non-commercial transport
association. Its main purpose is to attract transit cargo to the
Trans-Siberian route. Much work of Russian Railways takes
place within the framework of the Organisation for
Cooperation of Railway Lines (OSJD). Its main aim is to
develop international transcontinental freight and passenger
transport, and to create a common rail transport space in
Eurasia.
12. Сопоставьте названия международных
железнодорожных организаций, данные в левом
столбике таблицы, и их задачи, данные в правом
столбике таблицы.
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2. the Community of European
Railways and Infrastructure
Companies
b) to attract transit cargo
to the Trans-Siberian
route
3. the Union of the European
Railway Industries
c) to develop, build and
operate fast rail-air links
to passengers
4. the International air-rail
organisations
d) to develop
international
transcontinental freight
and passenger transport
to create a common rail
transport space in Eurasia
5. the Coordinating Council on
Trans-Siberian Transportation
e) to promote modern
environmentally friendly
modes of rail transport
systems
6. the Organisation for
Cooperation of Railway Lines
f) to develop
international rail
transport
13. Прочитайте словосочетания и скажите, что
является основной причиной создания
международных транспортных организаций.
Difference in gauge width; differences in terminology and
classification of locomotives and passenger carriages in
different countries; ecological problems; necessity to attract
transit cargo to the Trans-Siberian route; need to establish
international transport corridors; severe competition from
other transport modes.
14. Дополните данные предложения
словосочетаниями из текста и переведите
получившиеся предложения.
1. It was … that made railways establish international
railway organisations. 2. It was … that has established
standard railway terminology and international classification
97
system of locomotives and railway carriages. 3. It is … that
brings together railway undertakings and infrastructure
companies from the European Union, Norway, Switzerland
and other states. 4. It is … that is responsible for design,
manufacture, maintenance and reconstruction of rail
transport systems. 5. It is … that joined the ECMT in 1997
and has been its active member ever since. 6. It is … whose
main purpose is to attract transit cargo to the Trans-Siberian
route.
15. Переведите предложения с русского языка на
английский.
1. Мы рассматриваем острую конкуренцию со стороны
других видов транспорта в качестве основной причины
создания международных железнодорожных
организаций. 2. Были созданы такие организации, как:
Международный союз железных дорог, Сообщество
европейских железных дорог, Союз предприятий европейской
железнодорожной промышленности, Европейская
конференция министров транспорта, Координационный совет
по Транссибирским перевозкам и Организация сотрудничества
железных дорог. 3. Международные железнодорожные
организации способствуют развитию международного
железнодорожного транспорта. 4. Эффективность работы
железнодорожного транспорта повышается. 5. Уровень
обслуживания пассажиров соответствует
международным стандартам. 6. Международное
сотрудничество в области железнодорожного
транспорта будет расширяться.
16. Прочитайте текст второй раз и ответьте на
вопросы.
1. What made railways establish international railway
organisations?
2. What did the UIC work out?
3. What does the UIC promote?
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4. What does the Community of European Railways and
Infrastructure Companies promote?
5. What are the primary tasks of the Union of the European
Railway Industries?
6. What are the international air rail organisations
responsible for?
7. When was the European Conference of Ministers of
Transport established?
8. What is the main purpose of the Coordinating Council on
Trans-Siberian Transportation?
9. Why are Russian railways important for Europe and
Asia?
10. What is the main aim of the OSLD?
17. Составьте план текста.
18. Опираясь на информацию текста, сделайте
краткое сообщение по изученной теме.
19. Найдите в сети Интернет интересные факты о
международных железнодорожных организациях и
сделайте краткое сообщение.
20. Составьте аннотацию к тексту.
Student’s Independent Work
1. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием текста и ответьте на
вопросы.
The Community of European Railways
The Community of European Railways (CER) is the
leading European railway organisation and a part of the
International Union of Railways. It was founded in 1988
with 12 members and now brings together 72 railway
undertakings and infrastructure companies – private and
state-owned, large and small.
European Railways recognise that their future depends
on the international dimension.
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At the international level the railways are relatively free
to apply the most appropriate models in the common
interest. The development of international train networks is
accompanied by recognition of the need to adapt future
services to the technological opportunities offered by high
speeds and vehicle design and to the principles of service
marketing.
The governance structure of the CER rests in three main
bodies: the General Assembly, the Management Committee
and the Assistants Group.
The General Assembly is the decision-making body of
the CER. All member companies are represented by their
chief executive or director general.
The Management Committee prepares the decisions of
the General Assembly. It consists of the CER Chairman,
three Vice-Chairmen and further members elected by the
General Assembly. The size of the Management Committee
is limited to a maximum of 14 members.
The Assistants Group helps to facilitate the continuous
exchange of information between the CER and its members.
The CER members are represented by their
international/European affairs managers.
The goals of the CER are: 1) to represent the railway’s
interests, 2) to aid the development of the railway
transportation and policy in the European Union, 3) to
develop the partnership between the members of the
European Union.
European Railways concentrate their efforts on effective
speeds between economic centres, quality control and transit
reliability, information systems and modal flexibility.
The development of high-speed lines and technology
adds a new dimension to inter-urban opportunities for
railway development. Nowadays European high-speed lines
link economic centers and open opportunities for
100
technological development of railway signalling, train
construction and trading all over the world.
Questions for discussion:
1. What is the Community of European Railways?
2. What are the advantages of European Railways`
cooperation?
3. What is the development of international train networks
accompanied by?
4. What are the governance bodies of the CER?
5. What is the decision-making body of the CER?
6. What is the role of the Management Committee?
7. What is the Assistants Group responsible for?
8. What are the goals of the CER?
9. What do European Railways concentrate their efforts on?
10. Why is the development of high-speed lines important
for the future of the railways?
2. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием текста и ответьте на
вопросы.
Developmental Organisations
Financing is always a major problem in tourism
development. Large financial organisations are willing to
make developmental loans. Examples include the World
Bank (United States), International Finance Corporation
(United States), the OPEC Fund for International
Development (Austria), African Development Bank (Cote
d’Ivoire), East African Development Bank (Uganda), InterAmerican Development Bank (United States), Caribbean
Development Bank (Barbados), Asian Development Bank
(Philippines), European Investment Bank (Luxembourg),
European Regional Development Fund (Belgium), European
Bank for Reconstruction and Development (United
Kingdom), Islamic Development Bank (Saudi Arabia), and
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