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Файл:Английский язык. Устная речь. Ч.2. Учебное пособие для студентов 1 курса 2 семестра гуманитарного института
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It is shown that … − Показано, что …
It is given … − Дается (предлагается) …
It is dealt with … − Рассматривается …
It is provided for … − Обеспечивается …
It is designed for …. − Предназначен для …
It is examined, investigated … − Исследуется …
It is analyzed … − Анализируется …
The main idea of the text is … – Основная идея текста −
…..
It gives a detailed analysis of … – Он (текст) дает
подробный анализ …
It draws our attention to … – Он обращает наше
внимание …
It is stressed that … – Подчеркивается, что …
The text is of great help to … – Текст очень полезен …
The text is of interest to … – Текст интересен (кому?) …
26. Просмотрев учебную презентацию по изученной
теме, подготовьте свою презентацию
продолжительностью не более пяти минут, целью
которой является описать железные дороги любой
выбранной Вами страны.
Unit II. Russian Railways in Transport Systems
1. Запишите данные слова в тетрадь и запомните их.
equipment – оборудование
recession – упадок, спад, рецессия
assets – активы компании, имущество
depot – депо
route – маршрут
luxury – категория класса «люкс»
exciting – восхитительный
sightseeing – осмотр достопримечательностей
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2. Запишите и запомните следующие словосочетания
и их перевод.
put into operation – ввести в эксплуатацию
doomed to recession and poverty – обречен на регресс и
нищету
mining industry – горнодобывающая промышленность
metallurgical works – металлургический завод
single rail line – однорельсовый путь
military personnel – военный персонал, личный состав
dramatically improved – резко модернизированы
switching facilities – стрелочные устройства,
коммутационное оборудование
joint stock company – акционерная компания
state-owned – государственный, принадлежащий
государству
locomotive fleet – парк локомотивов
provide international pass – предоставлять
международный коридор
common routes – общие дороги (маршруты)
passenger and freight service – пассажирское и грузовое
сообщение
3. Найдите пары антонимов в данной цепочке слов.
Complete, start, decrease, open, wide, close, narrow,
increase.
4. Найдите синонимы в данной цепочке слов.
Transporter, equipment, road, sleeper, facilities, cargo, tie,
carrier, way, freight.
5. Прочитайте следующие пары прилагательных,
переведите их. Являются ли прилагательные
антонимами или синонимами в каждой паре?
vital – important, necessary – useless, long – short, single –
unique, modern – new, successful – unsuccessful, common
– general, different – same, possible – impossible, near – far,
exciting – affecting
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6. Переведите следующие слова. Почему их можно
1. Intercity trains never stop
at small stations.
a) We use this tense for
events that happen regularly.
(What tense is it?)
2. Russian Railways are still
modernizing their rolling
stock.
b) We use this tense for
events finished in definite
time. (What tense is it?)
3. The train with British
railway experts has just
arrived at the station.
c) We use this tense for
events finished in indefinite
time. (What tense is it?)
4. By 1980 British Rail had
already developed its tilting
train.
d) We use this tense for
events taking place around
the time of speaking. (What
tense is it?)
5. The train for Paris leaves
at 7.
e) We use this tense for
factual predictions. (What
tense is it?)
перевести без словаря?
Station, recession, industry, transport, period, metallurgical,
industrialisation, freight, personnel, national, transportation,
sector, locomotive, transcontinental, integrating, passengers,
infrastructure
7. Допишите предложения, поставив выделенные
слова в нужную форму.
1. The first railway carriages were small and ………
(comfort). 2. In 1905 the world's longest Trans-Siberian
railway was put into ……… (operative). 3. The first
railway was opened at the Nizhni Tagil metallurgical
……… (workers). 4. Rail equipment enables railways to
operate ……… (success). 5. Many people rely on railways
because of cheap ……… (transport). 6. Trains are fast and
environmentally ……… (friend).
8. Выберите правило, которое точно соответствовало
бы заданному предложению.
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6. In the 19th century
railways did not have proper
signals.
f) We use this tense for
future events if they are time
tabled. (What tense is it?)
g) We use this tense for
events finished before other
events took place. (What
tense is it?)
9. Переведите следующие предложения с
английского языка на русский.
1. Railways were always necessary for the development of
Russia. 2. Railway building began with the development of
the mining industry. 3. During the Great Patriotic War
railways transported military personnel, equipment and
freight. 4. Nowadays JSC Russian Railways is the largest
owner of the freight and passenger rolling stock. 5. Russian
railways have successfully integrated into European
transport infrastructure.
10. Найдите лишнее слово в заданной цепочке слов.
Beam, sleeper, ballast, joint, gauge, shunt, van.
11. Составьте 5 вопросов к данному предложению.
Nowadays Russia is reconstructing its transport system.
12. Прочитайте текст и составьте к нему план.
Russian Railways in Transport Systems
Russian railways have always played a significant role
in the development of transport and industry. A place
without a nearby station was doomed to recession and
poverty.
Railway building in Russia began with the development
of the mining industry. The first railway using steam
traction was put into operation at the Nizhni Tagil
metallurgical works. The longest Trans-Siberian single rail
line from Moscow to Vladivostok opened large areas of
Siberia to settlement and industrialisation.
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In the Soviet period the railways were dramatically
improved. During the Great Patriotic War they played a key
role in transporting military personnel, equipment and
freight. When the war was over the Soviet railway network
was rebuilt and further expanded. After the collapse of the
Soviet Union its railway system broke up into several
national railway systems.
Nowadays Russia is reconstructing its transport system.
Thus, in response to increasing needs of the country, joint
stock company Russian Railways was established. JSC
Russian Railways is the state-owned railway company of
vital strategic importance. It is the largest owner and
operator of the freight rolling stock and passenger service
assets. It has the largest locomotive fleet in Europe. The
company’s assets include depots, stations, switching
facilities and dispatch centres.
Modern railways are transcontinental and provide
international pass of passenger and freight service for two
continents. Russian railways are successfully integrating
into European transport infrastructure. They cooperate with
European railways and have common routes with different
states. The new high speed luxury Sapsan trains between
Moscow and St. Petersburg are the pride of the country.
Russian railways are developing a tourist route network to
offer a lot of exciting sightseeing tours throughout the
country. They are also working on attracting business to the
East-West Eurasian corridor including the Trans-Siberian
railway line.
13. Определите основную идею текста и запишите ее
на английском языке.
14. Необходимо ли дополнить текст вводными
словами (средствами связности)? Какими?
15. Прочитайте и переведите предложения.
Перефразируйте их.
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- Railway building in Russia began with the development of
the mining industry.
- The Trans-Siberian railway opened large areas of Siberia
to settlement and industrialisation.
- In the Soviet period railways were further expanded.
- In 1992 the Soviet Union railway system broke up into
national railways.
- JSC Russian Railways is the state-owned railway company
of vital importance.
- Nowadays Russian railways are successfully integrating
into European transport infrastructure.
- The new high speed luxury Sapsan trains are the pride of
the country.
16. Переведите следующие предложения с русского
языка на английский.
1. Отец и сын Черепановы построили в Нижнем Тагиле
первую в России паровую железную дорогу. 2.
Советские железные дороги играли большую роль во
время Великой Отечественной Войны. 3. Государство
владеет акциями ОАО Российские железные дороги. 4.
Россия обладает самым большим локомотивным парком
в Европе. 5. Поезда Сапсан являются гордостью нашей
страны.
17. Выберите правильный вариант перевода
следующих слов на английский язык.
1. построенный – builder, building, buildup, build, built
2. оперативный – operation, operating, operative, operate,
operated
3. основание – foundation, founder, founding, found
18. Образуйте новые слова от данных слов и
переведите их.
1. develop 2. contain 3. power
19. Допишите предложения, открыв скобки.
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1. We usually ....... (to consider) railway transport to be
eco-friendly. 2. The series of measures ......... (to reduce)
release of harmful substances to the atmosphere two years
ago. 3. The railway transport authorities ......... (to hold)
already numerous conferences for discussing environmental
problems. 4. Russian railways ........ (to introduce) a high-
speed service on the route between St. Petersburg and
Helsinki several years ago. 5. The engineers ......... (to
complete) the loco tests by the end of the last week. 6. The
early trains ...... (to have) no brakes. 7. The rail network of
Russia ...... (to comprise) 17 railways.
20. Прочитайте текст второй раз и ответьте на
следующие вопросы.
1. Why were railways important for Russia? Are they
important now?
2. What places were doomed to recession and poverty?
3. When did railway construction in Russia begin?
4. Which single rail line is the longest in Russia?
5. When was the railway network rebuilt and further
expanded?
6. What type of company is Russian Railways?
7. What do Russian railways provide for Europe and Asia?
8. Which company is the largest owner and operator of the
freight rolling stock and passenger service assets?
9. What do the company’s assets include?
10. What are the main achievements of Russian railways?
21. Опираясь на информацию текста, сделайте
краткое сообщение по данной теме.
Unit III. JSC Russian Railways
1. Запишите данные слова в тетрадь и запомните их.
shareholder – акционер
annually – ежегодно
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switching – переключение
suburban – пригородный
comply with – соответствовать (чему-либо)
2. Запишите и запомните следующие словосочетания
и их перевод:
freight traffic volume – объем грузоперевозок
freight turnover – грузооборот
international transport corridor – международный
транспортный коридор
railway network – сеть железных дорог
national freight turnover – грузооборот в национальном
масштабе
wheel pairs – колесные пары
to implement simplified border control – внедрить
упрощение пограничного контроля
border and customs procedures – порядок пограничного
таможенного досмотра
market position – положение на рынке
CIS and Baltic countries – страны СНГ и Балтии
3. Прочитайте и переведите следующие группы слов
и словосочетания.
- to found, to be founded, founder, foundation;
- share, to share, shareholder;
- to provide, provided, providing, provider;
- market, market economy, marketing, marketing tool,
market position;
- to employ, employee, employer, employment,
unemployment, unemployed;
- to improve, improvement, improved;
- to develop, developing, development;
- strength, to strengthen;
- to equip, equipped, unequipped, equipment;
- annual, annually.
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4. Прочитайте пары глаголов, переведите их.
1. Local trains often stop at
this station.
a) We use this tense for events
that happen regularly. (What
tense is it?)
2. He is moving in a train to
France now.
b) We use this tense for
finished events in definite
time. (What tense is it?)
3. British railways have
already reduced a number of
train accidents.
c) We use this tense for
finished events in indefinite
time. (What tense is it?)
4. In 1829 George
Stephenson constructed the
world's first steam
locomotive.
d) We use this tense for events
taking place at the moment of
speaking. (What tense is it?)
5. By the time we arrived at
the station the train had
already gone.
e) We use this tense for
factual predictions. (What
tense is it?)
Являются ли глаголы в каждой паре антонимами
или синонимами?
to achieve – to reach, to employ – to hire, to speed up – to
slow down, to agree – to disagree, to allow – to forbid, to
carry – to transport
5. Найдите антонимы в данной цепочке слов.
First, start, low, last, rich, finish, high, safety, difficult, poor,
easy, danger.
6. Переведите следующие слова. Почему их можно
перевести без словаря?
Organisation, ton, to coordinate, transportation, million,
container, integration, subprogram, technology.
7. Выберите правило, которое точно соответствовало
бы заданному предложению.
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6. The railway conference
starts at 7.
f) We use this tense for future
events if they are time-tabled.
(What tense is it?)
g) We use this tense for events
finished before the other event
took place. (What tense is it?)
8. Переведите следующие предложения с
английского языка на русский.
1. RZD offers its clients luxury passenger services and doorto-door freight delivery. 2. JSC Russian Railways proposes
creating unified information and logistics centres. 3. A demo
container train between Beijing and Hamburg has run across
the territory of China, Mongolia, Russia, Belarus, Poland
and Germany. 4. Russian Railways and Deutsche Bahn
worked closely on joint projects in logistics and in training
highly qualified personnel.
9. Составьте предложения из данных в каждой
цепочке слов.
1. the, testing, a, experts, are, railway, new, now,
locomotive?
2. number, growing, passengers, is, of, the, carried,
railways, constantly, by.
3. electric, modern, can, long, trains, draw, locomotives,
heavy.
4. each, crushed, happened, most, two, accidents, when,
into, trains, other.
5. density, railways, of, in, Russia, still, low, the, is,
comparatively.
10. Составьте 5 вопросов к данному предложению.
RZD is going to implement simplified border and customs
procedures in order to speed up freight traffic.
11. Найдите лишнее слово в данной цепочке.
Station, depot, yard, tunnel, switch, terminal.
12. Прочитайте текст и составьте к нему план.
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