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Файл:Английский язык. Устная речь. Ч.2. Учебное пособие для студентов 1 курса 2 семестра гуманитарного института
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4. What do Data centres use and generate in order to
function?
5. What could be done to make Data centres greener?
6. What is the aim of "Blackle" initiative?
7. What document has Europe signed?
8. Who is responsible for disposal of old computers and
mobiles?
9. What should be done with the thrown away models?
10. Where can recycled equipment be used again?
3. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием текстового
материала и ответьте на вопросы.
Ecotourism
Ecotourism or responsible tourism is a form of travelling
that involves visiting the destinations where flora, fauna,
and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. According
to the definition of ecotourism established by the
International Ecotourism Society (TIES) in 1990,
ecotourism is "responsible travel to natural areas that
conserves the environment and improves the well-being of
local people".
For many countries, such as Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nepal,
Kenya and Madagascar ecotourism is not simply a finance
protection of the environment, but is a major industry of the
national economy. Ecotourism is a travel activity that
ensures direct financial support to local people where
tourism activities are being generated. It supports small
stakeholders to ensure that money will never go out from the
local economies.
Responsible tourism sets up programmes that minimise
the negative aspects of conventional tourism on natural
areas, local economy and cultural integrity of local people.
The purpose of those programmes is to educate the traveller,
to provide funds for ecological conservation and to build
environmental awareness. The programmes are addressed to
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provide financial benefits and empowerment for local
people, to foster respect for local culture and to support
human rights and democratic movements.
The concept of ecotourism is often widely
misunderstood. In practice it is often used as a marketing
tool to promote tourism that is related to nature. Critics
claim that the practice, carried out in the name of
ecotourism, often consists of placing a hotel in a splendid
landscape leading to the damage of the ecosystem. Tourists
with the labels of “green” or “eco-friendly” behave in
environmentally irresponsible ways.
Sun-and-sea areas with poorly developed industry have
to survive in the terms of globalisation. That is why they
have to offer their natural beauty and cheap labour force.
What should they take into consideration if they want to
keep themselves profitably safe and attractive?
The local authorities must set up conservation areas
trying to keep the tourists in one place and restrict access to
the sites of interest. Tourists should not impinge on local
ways of life too much. Building smaller tourist
developments that can fit in with local architecture is
another important aspect, which the local government
should take into consideration.
Questions for discussion:
1. What form of travelling is ecotourism?
2. How is ecotourism defined according to the International
Ecotourism Society?
3. What does ecotourism mean for the integrity of the
country?
4. What does ecotourism activity ensure?
5. What can the responsible tourism programmes really
minimise?
6. What is the aim of responsible tourism programmes?
7. Why do critics claim ecotourism business?
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8. What must sun-and-sea areas do to survive in the terms of
globalisation?
9. What should poor south countries do to keep themselves
profitably safe and attractive?
10. What tourist developments should be built in such
countries?
Competence Development
Ролевая игра «Глобальный форум «Наука.
Экология. Жизнь».
Подготовьте сообщения об экологических проблемах в
разных странах, например, в США, Великобритании,
Австралии, России, Японии, Индии, Китае, Чаде,
Никарагуа. Предложите решение этих проблем.
Module VII. International Organisations
Unit I. General Information about International
Organisations
1. Запишите данные слова в тетрадь и запомните их.
opportunity – возможность
headquarters – штаб-квартира
donation – пожертвование
significant – значительный
self-determination – самоопределение
denuclearisation – создание безъядерной зоны
non-intervention – невмешательство
recognition – признание
2. Запишите и запомните следующие словосочетания
и их перевод.
the World Wide Fund for Nature – Всемирный фонд
дикой природы
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the International Committee of the Red Cross –
Международный комитет Красного Креста
MBAs without borders – MBA без границ
the World Youth Alliance – Всемирный союз молодежи
the World Trade Organisation – Всемирная торговая
организация
the International Monetary Fund (the IMF) –
Международный валютный фонд
the European Economic Community – Европейское
экономическое сообщество
UNESCO – the United Nations Educational Scientific and
Cultural Organisation – Организация Объединённых
Наций по вопросам образования, науки и
культуры (ЮНЕСКО)
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights – Всемирная
Декларация прав человека
3. Найдите пары синонимов и запишите их в
тетрадь.
Organisation, category, creation, aim, include, company,
type, establishment, involve, goal.
4. Найдите пары антонимов и запишите их в
тетрадь.
Independence, voluntarily, important, dependence, wide,
compulsory, narrow, rise, unimportant, fall.
5. Переведите следующие слова. Почему их можно
перевести без словаря?
Corporation, phenomenon, progress, technology,
transportation, industrialisation, process, problem,
ecological, resolution, declaration.
6. Изучите грамматический раздел модуля по теме
«Предлоги. Союзы. Приставки».
7. Заполните пропуски словами, данными в рамочке,
и переведите предложения.
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international, cooperation, independence, non-
1) independence
a) involving people from many
different countries
2) intergovernmental
b) involving governments of different
countries
3) international
c) a situation in which people or
organisations work together to achieve
a result that will benefit all of them
4) multinational
d) the freedom from control by
another country or organisation
5) cooperation
e) involving several countries, or
existing between countries
6) self-determination
f) a policy of not getting involved in a
disagreement between other people or
countries
7) non-intervention
g) the freedom of the people in a
country to choose their own
government and not be controlled by
another country
governmental, cooperation, non-profit, multinational
1. A/an ………… organisation is not a part of a
government, but may work with government departments,
for example in dealing with people's health or the
environment. 2. A/an ………… organisation works to help
people in some way rather than to make a profit. 3. A/an
………… company or business has offices, shops, or
factories in several countries. 4. A/an ………… state or
country has people of several different national groups
living in it. 5. A working group will be established to
promote ……… . 6. Lithuania was the first of the Soviet
republics to declare its ………… . 7. Economic …………
between these two countries is successful.
8. Сопоставьте слова, данные в левом столбике, с
определениями, данными в правом столбике.
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9. Прочитайте текст и определите его основную
идею.
General Information about International
Organisations
An international organisation is an organisation with an
international membership, scope or presence. International
organisations are divided into two main categories:
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs).
These may be:
- international non-profit organisations, for example: the
World Wide Fund for Nature, the International
Committee of the Red Cross, MBAs without borders, the
World Youth Alliance;
- international corporations, for example: The Coca-Cola
Company, Toyota, Microsoft, Adidas, Siemens.
Intergovernmental organisations (IGOs). These are
organisations that are made up primarily of sovereign states
(or member states). Examples include: the European Union
(EU), the World Trade Organisation, NATO, the
Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe
(OSCE), Interpol, the International Monetary Fund
(IMF), the Group of Eight (G-8).
The formation of international organisations was a 20th
century phenomenon. Nowadays there are more than 2,500
international organisations. Among them there are more
than 130 intergovernmental unions. The United Nations
Organisation is the most notable. Other important
organisations are the European Economic Community, the
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, Interpol, Greenpeace
and UNESCO. The creation of international organisation on
a world-wide scale in the 20th century was the result of the
progress in the technology of communication,
transportation, warfare, and the spread of industrialisation.
These processes gave rise to a sense of independence among
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the nations of the world, and made people recognise the
importance of international cooperation to avoid danger,
solve problems, and use the opportunities which face the
society of nations on a world-wide scale. Some
organisations are concerned only with single and relatively
narrow problems while others such as the UN and UNESCO
(the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organisation), deal with a great variety of matters.
Let’s take, for example, the United Nations. It’s an
organisation to which nearly all the countries of the world
belong. Its headquarters are situated in New York. Its
central aim is to maintain peace and security in the world
and to develop friendly relations among nations.
Greenpeace is an international organisation, which deals
with ecological and environmental problems. It was formed
in 1971. Now it is a powerful organisation, which works all
over the world. There are many serious actions in the list of
Greenpeace activities. The national offices exist in 27
countries of the world. In Russia Greenpeace was formed in
1992. It works here in three directions: Wood Campaign,
Antinuclear Campaign and Campaign for preservation of
Lake Baikal. Greenpeace tries to attract public attention to
different problems in the world and to find the way out. It is
financed by personal voluntarily donations of its supporters.
The results of activity of international organisations are
significant. The UN General Assembly passed a number of
resolutions and declarations. They are the Nuremberg
Principles dealing with crimes against peace, war crimes,
and crimes against humanity, the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights; the right of people and nations to selfdetermination; denuclearisation, and non-intervention.
The most important of them is the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights. This general agreement, which stresses that
all human beings are titled to some basic liberties, marked
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the birth of the international and universal recognition of
human rights.
10. Какие еще правительственные и
неправительственные международные организации,
кроме организаций, указанных в тексте, Вам
известны?
11. Разделите данные словосочетания на три
тематические группы: «Предпосылки создания
международных организаций», «Цели создания
международных организаций», «Результаты
деятельности международных организаций»
a number of resolutions and declarations are adopted, to
avoid danger, progress in the technology of communication,
progress in transportation, progress in warfare, sense of
independence among the nations of the world, to solve
problems, spread of industrialisation, to use the
opportunities which face the society of nations on a worldwide scale
12. Составьте план текста и передайте содержание
каждого пункта плана одним предложением.
13. Прочитайте следующие предложения и укажите,
какие предложения не соответствует информации в
тексте. Исправьте их.
1. Greenpeace is an international organisation, which deals
with ecological and environmental problems. 2. Greenpeace
is financed by personal voluntarily donations of its
supporters. 3. Nowadays there are more than 25
international organisations. 4. The formation of international
organisation was a 21st century phenomenon. 5. The
Nuremberg Principles deal with crimes against peace, war
crimes, and crimes against humanity. 6. The United Nations
Organisation works in Russia in three directions: Wood
Campaign, Antinuclear Campaign and Campaign for
preservation of Lake Baikal. 7. The Universal Declaration of
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Human Rights is a general agreement, which stresses that all
human beings are titled to some basic liberties.
14. Переведите предложения с русского языка на
английский.
1. Международная организация – это организация с
международным членством, работающая в
международном масштабе. 2. Самая значительная
международная организация – это Организация
объединенных наций. 3. К Организации объединенных
наций принадлежат почти все страны мира. 4. Штабквартира Организации объединенных наций находится в
Нью-Йорке. 5. Главная цель Организации
объединенных наций – поддерживать мир и
безопасность во всем мире и развивать дружественные
отношения между народами.
15. Прочитайте текст второй раз и ответьте на
вопросы.
1. Could you give the definition of an international
organisation?
2. What types of international organisations do you know?
3. How many international organisations are there
nowadays?
4. Why did people create international organisations?
5. What are the most important international organisations
that you know?
6. Could you name the most famous ecological and political
international organisations?
7. Can you dwell on one of the international organisations?
8. When was Greenpeace created?
9. What problems does Greenpeace deal with?
10. What are the results of activity of international
organisations?
16. Опираясь на информацию текста, сделайте
краткое сообщение по изученной теме.
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17. Найдите в сети Интернет интересные факты о
международных организациях или сообщите
известные вам сведения.
18. Составьте аннотацию к тексту.
Unit II. The European Union
1. Запишите данные слова в тетрадь и запомните их.
entity – организационная единица, субъект права,
территориально-государственное образование
supranational – надгосударственный, наднациональный
frequent – частый
eliminate – исключать
evolve – развивать
fisheries – рыболовство
asylum – убежище
abolish – отменять
implement – внедрять, реализовывать
take on board – взять на вооружение, использовать
uphold – защищать, отстаивать
venue – место проведения мероприятия
pool – объединять
mutual – взаимный
profess – открыто признавать, заявлять
institutional triangle – институционный треугольник
2. Запишите и запомните следующие словосочетания
и их перевод.
the European Coal and Steel Community – Европейское
объединение угля и стали
the Treaty of Rome – Римский договор
the Treaty of Maastricht – Маастрихтский договор
the Customs union – Таможенный союз
the European Parliament – Европарламент
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