Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:English Articles in Use. Артикли. Объяснение, употребление, тренинг
.pdf
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
tralia, a self-governing member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Continent is bounded on north by Timor Sea, Arafura Sea, and
Torres Strait; on east by Coral Sea and Tasman Sea; on south by
Bass Strait and Indian Ocean; and on west by Indian Ocean.
Commonwealth extends for about 4025 km from east to west
and for about 3700 km from north to south. Its coastline measures some 36,735 km.
The area of Commonwealth is 7,682,292 sq km and the area of
continent alone is 7,614,500 sq km, making Australia the smallest continent in the world, but the sixth largest country.
Commonwealth of Australia is made up of six states: New
South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia, South
Australia and Tasmania, and two territories – Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory.
The external dependencies of Australia are Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Australian Antarctic Territory, Christmas Islands, Territory of Cocos islands (also called Keeling Islands), Coral Sea Islands Territory, Territory of Heard Island
and McDonald Islands, and Norfolk Island.
Insert the articles where necessary.64.
United States of America is located on North American continent. Western third of country consists mainly of high plateau
broken by numerous mountain ranges, chief of which are Rocky
Mountains. To west of this region lie Great Plains. This is region
of very fl at ground extending from Canadian border to Gulf of
Mexico and eastward as far as Appalachian Mountains. Appalachians are range of low mountains and hills running parallel to
Atlantic Coast and about one to two hundred miles in land.
Along center of Great Plains, fl owing south from Canadian
border to Gulf of Mexico is Mississippi River. This river together
with Missouri which joins it from west and Ohio which joins it
from east, forms central river system of United States. In north
are fi ve Great Lakes – Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario which empty into Atlantic
Ocean through St. Lawrence River. Colorado River in southwest
and Colombia in northwest are other principal rivers of country.
The climate of country is typical to other large continental
areas in temperature zone. It is very warm in summer and in all
of it except south is cold in winter. West, and especially southwest, is very dry.
The capital of United States, Washington, D. C. is not located in
any state, but lies between states of Maryland and Virginia. Princi-
171
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
pal cities of U.S. are New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Los
Angeles and Cleveland. Population of United States is not evenly
spread over country, but is concentrated largely in east.
The heart of American agriculture is the «corn-belt», belt of
very fertile land extending from Nebraska eastwards as far as
Pennsylvania. In this area principal crop is corn. West of cornbelt is wheat-belt extending north and south from Texas to North
Dakota and into Canada.
The principal products of south are cotton and tobacco al-
though corn is also grown here. Agriculture of California, because
of its favorable climate, is confi ned largely to special crops, such
as citrus crops and grapes.
The mineral deposit of U.S. are concentrated largely among Ap-
palachian Mountains. There are, however, important oil-fi elds in
Texas, Oklahoma and California, and important iron mines in Minnesota. Because of overwhelming concentration of minerals in northeastern part of U.S. manufacturing is also concentrated there.
What region of Russia are you from? Tell your fellow 65.
students as much about it as you can. Mind the use of
articles with geographical names.
Fill in the blanks paying special attention to the ar-66.
ticles before miscellaneous proper names. Share your
knowledge of London’s places of interest with your fellow students.
1. … Westminster, now … political center of London, was until
the 11th century … sacred place. King Edward … Confessor decided to build … great abbey church there. It was consecrated in
1065, but … week later … King died and was buried at the heart
of … Westminster Abbey. William … Conqueror was crowned in
… Abbey and since then all … coronations have taken place here.
… Abbey contains many royal tombs, but most popular memorials to eminent people are those to … writers, actors and musicians in …. Poet’s Corner.
2. Alongside … Abbey Edward … Confessor had a palace built.
… Palace of … Westminster was … royal residence and also …
country’s main court of … law. … Parliament has met there since
th
the 16
century until the 19th century.
… present Houses of … Parliament were built after … old
palace was burnt down in 1834. They contain … House of …
Commons and … House of … Lords, … two chambers where parliamentary business is debated. On … corner next to … West-
172
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
minster Bridge stands … St. Stephan’s Tower, which houses …
famous bell, … Big Ben.
3. One of … Queen’s offi cial residences in London is … Buckingham palace. Built in 1702–1705 for … Duke of Buckingham, it
was sold later to … George III. London’s most popular spectacle
is … Changing … Guard. It takes place in … forecourt and lasts
about 30 minutes.
4 .… St. Paul’s Cathedral is … masterpiece of … Sir Christopher Wren. It stands on … top of … Ludgate hill where … Christian church used to stand in the 7th century. … magnifi cent classical structure is crowned by … cone. Inside … Dome are scenes
from St. Paul’s life and deeds. Here too is … famous Whispering
Gallery. There are many memorials in … cathedral including
those to … heroes such as Wellington and Nelson.
5. … Tower of London has served as … citadel, … palace,…
prison, … mint and … menagerie. … White Tower was built in
1078 by William … Conqueror to protect … city of London. …
Tower is guarded by … Yeoman Warders popularly known as …
Beefeaters.
6. All … historical places and famous parks are in … West End
which includes … shopping area of … Knightsbridge, … Oxford
Street, … Piccadilly Circus and … fashionable Covent Garden. It
also hosts museums and galleries, among them are … Tate Gallery, … National Gallery and … Portrait Gallery, … British Museum. The best known streets are … Whitehall with … important
governmental offi ces, … Downing street, … residence of … Prime
Minister and … Fleet street which stands for … press.
Fill in the blanks paying special attention to the ar-67.
ticles before miscellaneous proper names. Share your
knowledge of Moscow’s places of interest with your
fellow students.
Moscow, … capital of Russia and of … Moscow region and … administrative center of … central European Russia, is situated on …
Moskva River near its junction with … Moscow Canal. Moscow is
Russia’s largest city and … leading economic and cultural center.
The fi ve major sections of Moscow form concentric circles, of
which … innermost is … Kremlin, … walled city in itself. Adjoining … Kremlin is … huge Red Square, originally … marketplace
and … meeting spot for popular assemblies; it is still used as
… parade ground and for demonstrations. On … west side of …
Red Square and along … Kremlin wall are … Lenin Mausoleum
and … tombs of other Soviet political fi gures. On … north side is
173
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
… completely rebuilt Kazan Cathedral; and at … southern end
stands … imposing cathedral of Basil the Beatifi ed (constructed
16th cent.). … cathedral has numerous cupolas, each … different
colour, grouped around … central dome. In front of … cathedral
stands … monument to … liberators Minin and Pozharski.
To … east of … Red Square extends … old district of Kitaigo-
rod, once … merchants’ quarter, and now … administrative quarter with various government offi ces and ministries. … Tverskaya
Street (formerly … Gorky Street), … main thoroughfare, extends
… north from … Kremlin and is lined with modern buildings. It
is connected with … St. Petersburg highway, which passes …
huge Dynamo stadium and … Sheremetievo airport. Near … beginning of … Tverskaya Street is … Theater Square, containing … Bolshoi and … Maly theaters. Encircling … Kremlin and
Kitaigorod are … Bely Gorod, traditionally … most elegant part
of Moscow and now … commercial and cultural area. In … Bely
Gorod is Christ the Savior Cathedral; demolished in 1931 and rebuilt in the 1990-s. A notable feature of Moscow are … concentric
rings of …wide boulevards.
Except for its historical core, Moscow was transformed into …
sprawling, often drab, but well-planned modern city. The tallest
freestanding structure in Moscow is … Ostankino Tower (1967),
… broadcast tower and tourist attraction that rises 540 m. Among
Moscow’s many cultural and scientifi c institutions are … Moscow
State University (founded in 1755), … Russian Academy of Sciences (founded 1725 in St. Petersburg and moved to Moscow in
1934), … conservatory (1866), … Tretyakov art gallery (opened in
the 1880s), … Museum of Oriental Cultures, … State Historical
Museum, … Agricultural Exhibition, … Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), … Plekhanov Economic Academy, and … Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
(for foreign students). Theaters include … Moscow Art Theater ,
… Bolshoi (opera and ballet), and … Maly Theater (drama). Moscow is the set of … patriarch, … head of … Russian Orthodox
Church. The many large parks and recreation areas include …
Gorky Central Park, … forested Izmailovo and Sokolniki parks,
and … Ostankino Park, with its botanical gardens.
Translate into English.68.
Главная улица Москвы.
По некоторым сведениям, дорога на Тверь существовала
здесь уже в XII веке. С конца XV в. эта дорога также связыва-
174
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
ла Москву и Новгород. В 1595 г. через реку Неглинную был
построен каменный Воскресенский мост, соединивший Тверскую улицу с Красной площадью. В XVIII–XIX вв. Тверская
улица была главной улицей города. Здесь строились лучшие
в Москве дома, гостиницы, магазины. Среди других шедевров
архитектурного творчества – Английский клуб (1780) и Елисеевский магазин (1770, перестроен в 1898 г.).
В период Российской империи важность Тверской состояла в том, что по этой улице цари въезжали в Москву из
северной столицы по пути в Кремль. В 1792 г. была заложена Тверская площадь для проведения народных процессий
и парадов. Основная достопримечательность на площади –
памятник князю Юрию Долгорукому, основателю Москвы.
Здесь, на Тверской, была проложена первая в Москве линия
конной железной дороги.
Тверская проходит от Манежной площади через Тверской
район, пересекает Бульварное кольцо в районе Пушкинской
площади и заканчивается на Триумфальной площади. Ее
продолжение – 1-я Тверская-Ямская улица – переходит в Ленинградский проспект около Белорусского вокзала. На Тверской находятся станции метро Охотный ряд, Тверская, Пушкинская, Маяковская.
Тверская – одна из наиболее дорогих торговых улиц не
только в Москве и России, но и во всем мире. Это также центр
ночной жизни и развлечений. На ней стоят такие примечательные здания и сооружения, как гостиница «Националь»,
гостиница «Ритц Карлтон», Центральный телеграф, Елисеевский магазин и другие здания.
Study the following sentences paying attention to the 69.
absence of the article with coordinative word-groups
and in the cases of enumeration.
1. It was the secrets of heaven and earth that I desired to learn.
2. I was engaged, heart and soul, in the pursuit of some discoveries which I hoped to make. 3. Dark and opaque bodies surrounded me, impervious to touch or sight. 4. It was about seven in the
morning and I longed to obtain food and shelter. 5. They went off
as though man and horse were one indivisible body. 6. When the
police arrived they found neither car nor driver on the highway.
7. He asked for pen and paper; it was given him and he wrote a
letter to his sister. 8. Guzman had neither wife nor child, neither
relative nor friend. 9. He entered and sat down in silence – no one
spoke to him. There was neither speech nor language, but voices
175
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
were heard among them – and felt too. 10. Niece and aunt had
never met before and regarded each other with astonishment. 11.
«I got it from your honour’s father – whether he be in heaven or
hell, I know not», said Steenie. 12. My good master told it to him
from point to point, as I have told it to you – word for word, neither more nor less. 13. But where shall we fi nd the Cat’s Cradle?
There are cats enough about the house, but I think they kitten
without the ceremony of bed or cradle. 14. I cannot bear not seeing you from time to time. 15. Like cattle when a dog comes into
the fi eld, they stood head to head and shoulder to shoulder, prepared to run upon and trample the invader to death. 16. A clattering tumble arrested my attention. Man and horse were down;
they had slipped on the sheet of ice, which glazed the causeway.
17. For me, that long night passed in ghastly wakefulness; ear,
eye and mind were alike strained by dread. 18. For economy’s
sake he bought me bad needle and thread with which I could
hardly sew. 19. I didn’t know whether the day was fair or foul: in
descending the drive I gazed neither on sky nor earth. 20. Laws
and principles are for such moments as this: when body and soul
rise in mutiny against their rigour. 21. But I looked neither to
rising sun, nor wakening sky, nor smiling nature. 22. At fi rst I
considered them brother and sister, they were so much alike. 23.
His features were expressionless as he catalogued the room: bed,
night table, medicine glass, capsule box, teacup, medicine bottle,
carafe half fi lled with water. 24. He thought not of the fl owers
smiling on his road, but of the block and ax-edge, of the disseverment of bone and vein. 25. I was driven to the point now. I stood
face to face with Necessity. 26. He responded neither by word nor
movement to the gentle advances made to him. 27. I can set your
task from hour to hour; stand by you always; help you from moment to moment. 28. I felt slightly ashamed at overhearing the
conversation of mother and son. 29. Why, this door has neither
lock nor key! It’s impossible to open it. 30. Soon both criminal and
victim were lost to the sight of the public.
176
Exercises to chapter 5
Articles with nouns in various syntactic functions
Compare the following sentences and choose the right 1.
article for nouns in the function of a subject:
1. ... boxer fi ghts with his fi sts. ... boxer is putting on gloves.
2. ... surfers are balancing on surfboards. ... surfer rides the
waves on a surfboard.
3. ... aerobics instructor is demonstrating an exercise. ... in-
structor teaches exercises to strengthen your heart.
4. ... batters hit baseballs. ... batter is picking up the bat.
5. ... goalkeeper tries to prevent goals. ... keeper is stopping
the ball.
6. ... wrestler is pinning his opponent. ... wrestler tries to
throw and hold his opponent.
7. ... gymnast performs on special equipment. ... gymnast is
practicing on the parallel bars.
8. ... scuba divers are putting on oxygen tanks. ... scuba divers
swim under water.
9. ... hikers walk long distances in the country. ... hikers are
climbing a mountain.
10. … lifeguards protect swimmers. ... lifeguards are watching
the swimmers.
11. ... fi gure skater skates to music. ... fi gure skaters are
putting on skates.
Comment on the use of articles with nouns in the func-2.
tion of a subject.
1. The students absent may be taking part in a rehearsal for
the party. 2. The problem concerned is of great importance for
the whole world. 3. The scientists involved are asked to improve
the project. 4. The offi ce of Professor Fox was on the twelfth fl oor
of the Physics Building. 5. The editor, sensing the social drama
of the letter, put it on the second page of the paper. 6. All the
people Ellen had known in Savannah might have been cast from
the same mould. 7. The newcomer, unconscious of her interest,
cast a wondering eye over the menu. 8. The knot tightening my
arms held for another second and then loosened. 9. The fi ve men
were spread out like the points of a fi ve-pointed star. 10. What
you need is what a working girl needs, a holiday that is a rest.
11. The woman wanted to know what Basil thought of the boy’s
177
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 5
character. 12. The room had the look not of a writer’s workshop
but of a memorial to a great name. 13. The sun rose golden from
the fume in the sea. The waves rolled in pale and blue. 14. All
the interesting people don’t live in the neigbourhood of the Arc
de Triomphe. 15. The answer to that is that everyone doesn’t feel
like me. 16. A real hotel is for hospitality. 17. The surface of the
lagoon gleamed incredibly white under its sand-hills. 18. I knew
everything and the knowledge was disquieting. 19. Women are
always hesitant about taking on great responsibility. 20. Suddenly the voices in the next room were still.
Use the proper articles with nouns in the function of 3.
a subject.
1. «All ... anty-market activities will be intensifi ed in ... days
ahead», ... statement said. 2. It’s evident that ... parties concerned
will not resort to ... use of ... force. 3. Though ... newspaper has
been appearing since 1931, this is ... fi rst legally celebrated an-
niversary. 4. ... only political thing about ... offi ce was his ambi-
tions. 5. This broke ... strike and ... two railroad unions involved
had to call it off. 6. At last ... persons for whom Ashenden had
been waiting arrived. 7. ... rumours of his activities grew hot and
many. 8. ... vague complaints and ... hints that ... natives found
Cooper harsh reached ... governor. 9. ... steps to incorporate ...
economies of many European countries are being taken now. 10.
... promise that ... priest had uttered meant little to him. 11. ...
subscription to provide ... champagne at ... dinner had been col-
lected. 12. ... attempt to summarize ... results will be made. 13.
... holiday proved to be one of ... happiest times they had ever
known. 14. ... nurse, soft-shoeing into ... room, advised that ...
visiting hours were over. 15. All ... shops are closed and so are ...
theatres and most of ... cinemas.
Comment on the use of articles with nouns in the func-4.
tion of a subject. Make short stories of your own using
these proverbs and quotations as their moral.
1. A good listener makes more friends than a good talker. 2.
The tone of people with low aims is always a high one. 3. An
hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 4. Bad workmen blame the tools they are using. 5. The moon is not seen when
the sun shines. 6. The sweetest fl ower grows upon the sharpest
thorn. 7. The fewer the rules the better the ruler. 8. We never
miss water till the well is dry. 9. A word is enough to the wise.
178
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 5
10. The devil is not so black as he is painted. 11. Can the leopard
change his spots? 12. A penny saved is a penny gained. 13. The
wind cannot be caught in a net. 14. The satisfi ed don’t understand the hungry. 15. Rome wasn’t built in a day. 16. Examinations are formidable even for the best prepared, as the greatest
fool can ask more than the wisest man can answer. 17. An empty
stomach is not a good adviser (Albert Einstein). 18. Imagination
is more important than knowledge (Albert Einstein). 19. In the
country of the blind the one-eyed man is king (Erasmus).
Fill in the gaps with the proper articles. Mind the use 5.
of articles with the real subject of the sentence.
1. There is ... milk in the jug. 2. There was ... menace in his
voice. 3. There seemed to be ... desirable end to our troubles. 4.
There isn’t even... satisfaction of raising a row about it. 5. There
was ... unspeakable beauty about those mornings. 6. There is ...
fear that our civilization may be completely destroyed by modern
weapons of destruction. 7. I don’t want to frighten you, but there’s
always ... possibility that you will die young. 8. Then fi nally they
burst into laughter. And there were ... three of them shaking, watery-eyed, helpless. 9. Below and beyond there stretched toward
... invisible sea ... fl at pale green expanse of Romney Marsh. 10.
There had been ... mornings when he came in fearing that Fanny
was dead. 11. And there was ... poor old dressing-gown still hanging on the door. 12. There was ... Tory fury in the House of Commons over the decision. 13. There was ... wind that blew through
the battle but it was ... hot wind. 14. There are ... words for all the
vile words in English. 15. There lived ... old man in that house.
Fill in the gaps with the proper articles. Mind the use 6.
of articles with the real subject of the sentence.
1. There was ... bed on ... verandah at the side. 2. There was
... long high jetty at ... south end of ... shallow bay. 3. Then there
came ... voice from ... distance. 4. There was ... blue-water lake in
... rear of ... picture. 5. There was ... recurrent concern for Ruth in
his mind. 6. There fl owed ... best blood of Chicago in her veins. 7.
There came ... rather stout man in ... green velvet hat behind him.
8. There were ... governess’ poor toilet things on ... dressing table.
9. There stood ... shabby black trunk in ... corner. 10. There were
... brushes and ... silver mirror in her bag. 11. There hung from ...
ceiling ... enormous chandelier with electric bulbs. 12. There was
... vague disquiet at ... back of her mind. 13. There was ... long
179
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 5
silence before he hazarded a remark. 14. There went ... little path
just down ... low cliff. 15. There seemed to be ... only way out. 16.
There’s ... narrow trail on the other side of ... woods. 17. There
was ... ruler in his right hand. 18. There was ... certain menace in
his voice. 19. There was not ... sign of ... life anywhere. 20. There
was ... faint square mark on ... wall where ... picture had hung.
Fill in the gaps with the proper articles. 7.
1.There was ... other thing I liked in Mrs. Strickland. 2. There
are just ... usual papers. 3. There was ... bundle packed across
one saddle that I did not understand. 4. There was ... crashing
crack and ... stab of yellow in the dark. 5. There was ... burst of
welcoming voices, ... woman’s laugh, that mingled with ... banging of doors. 6. But there came ... time when the buck’s ears lifted
and tensed. 7. There was ... telephone line running along ... road.
8. There was always ... throng of boys in ... closet, though they
knew they were not allowed to smoke there. 9. But there is in my
nature ... strain of asceticism. 10. There is ... point I’m not clear
about. 11. Suddenly there was ... seriousness to his speech which
hadn’t been there before. 12. Then there were ... lights only a
few yards behind as another fl ight landed. 13. There is ... clear
explanation to it. 14. There was ... unusual fi rmness in his voice.
15. Then there came such ... troubles he weren’t to live through.
16. There must be ... certain gratifi cation in that for you. 17. Now
there is ... radio set in every house in ... village. 18. There is ...
fresh water in ... glass. 19. There was ... challenge in her smile.
20. There is ... plenty of sunshine in these plains all year round.
Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions with «BE + 8.
there». Use the following words. Mind the use of articles in this pattern.
Model: Is there (trail) to walk on in the woods?
Yes, there are nature trails there.
I. Tell me about the park.
1. ... (place) to swim? 2. ... (big parking lot)? 3. ... (picnic area)?
4. ... (mosquito)? 5. ... (wildlife)? 6. ... (playground for the chil-
dren)? 7. ... (closed gate)? 8. ... (picnic table)? 9. ... (wood to make
a fi re)? 10. ... (drinking water nearby)?
II. Tell me about the lake.
1. ... (lifeguard)? 2. ... (pollution)? 3. ... (boat to rent)? 4. ...
(rock on the beach)? 5. ... (soft sand)? 6. ... (fi sh in the water)? 7.
180
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]