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Файл:English Articles in Use. Артикли. Объяснение, употребление, тренинг
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EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
варительное обследование показало симптомы плеврита, но
может быть это и пневмония. 15. Переболев гриппом на ногах,
вы рискуете получить серьезные осложнения. 16. Печальные
известия так поразили Ирен, что она слегла в горячке. 17. Это
уже второй сердечный приступ. Боюсь, что третьего ему не
пережить. 18. Почему ты хромаешь? – Кажется, я вывихнул
ногу. 19. Эпидемия оспы среди местного населения не позволяла ученым вести исследования в полном объеме. 20. От
тяжелой и жирной пищи у него всегда начинался колит. 21.
Если ты начнешь заниматься спортом, то, может быть, перестанешь простужаться по десять раз в год. 22. После купания
в холодной воде у ребенка разболелись уши. 23. Несварение
желудка – типичная проблема любителей хорошо покушать.
24. Откуда у тебя такой огромный синяк на ноге? – Упал с велосипеда. 25. Зубная боль не давала мне спать всю ночь, а
к утру, как следствие бессонницы, разболелась голова.
Fill in the gaps with the proper articles before nouns 48.
denoting names of sciences and school subjects.
1. ... natural philosophy is ... genius that has regulated my
fate. 2. He concluded his speech with ... panegyric upon ... modern chemistry. 3. I’m doing better in ... conversation than in ...
writing and grammar. 4. I should advise you to apply to ... mathematics fi rst of all. 5. Every student at US university must select
at least one course from each of ... basic fi elds of study: ... English,
science, modern languages, history or physical education. 6. I became acquainted with ... science of ... anatomy but that was not
suffi cient. 7. Through this book I obtained ... cursory knowledge
of ... history. 8. My parents have been teaching ... Maths since
they graduated from ... University. 9. He has just fi nished doing
his homework in ... English literature and feels dead tired. 10. ...
Economics is quite popular among young people nowadays. 11.
What must be paid more attention in ... new syllabus – ... mathematics or foreign languages? 12. I’m taking fi ve courses: ... art,
English literature, German, computer, journalism. I’m doing well
in ... art and computer and so-so in ... literature and German. As
for ... journalism, actually, I’m failing it. 13. ... Chemistry is that
branch of ... natural philosophy in which ... greatest improvements have been made lately. 14. Who’s on top of your class in ...
reading? 15. Lewis Carroll, who is known as ... author of «Alice
in Wonderland», was ... teacher of ... mathematics at Oxford and
wrote a number of books on ... mathematics. 16. Are you good at
... Arts? 17. In the eighteenth century young ladies were taught
151
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
... reading, writing, music and arithmetic, but their knowledge of
... history and geography was very poor. 18. ... superintendent of
Lowood summoned ... fi rst class round her and commenced giving ... lesson in ... geography; ... lower classes were called by other
teachers. Repetitions in ... history, grammar, etc. went on for an
hour; more writing and arithmetic succeeded, and fi nally music
lessons were given by Miss Temple. 19. Every Russian school
has ... «core curriculum» of Russian, ... mathematics, science and
PT. 20. I paid much attention to those problems that relate to ...
physiology. 21. Stanford University has ... undergraduate school
for ... engineering and graduate schools of ... business, law and
medicine. 22. In general ... Bachelor’s degree is given to students
who pass examinations after three or four years study, ... bachelor of Arts for ... history, philosophy, language and literature,
social studies and theology, or Bachelor of Science or Commerce
or Music. 23. Scientists are greatly interested in ... space exploration because today ... physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy
need ... new data, which cannot be found on ... Earth. 24. What
do we call ... branch of ... biology dealing with ... heredity? 25. ...
Phonetics is ... study of speech sounds, their production and ...
signs to represent them.
Read the following jokes. Fill in the gaps with the 49.
proper articles. Mind the use of articles before nouns
denoting school subjects and sciences.
******
«What is it? Do you study ... chemistry?»
«No, this is my sister’s dressing table».
******
«Did you give your wife that lecture on ... economics you talked
about?»
«Yes, I did».
«And what’s ... result?»
«I’ve got to give up smoking».
******
... very talkative young man wanted Socrates to teach him
... oratory. Socrates let him talk on some subject as much as he
wanted and then said.
«I’ll have to charge you double, for I’ll teach you two sciences:
how to speak and how to hold your tongue».
152
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
Fill in the gaps with the proper articles before nouns 50.
denoting names of sports and games.
I.
1. I learned to play ... whist when I was ... child. 2. They were
smart, showy youths, all played ... tennis and bridge and knew
all ... latest shows, and dances, and drinks. 3. They enjoyed themselves playing ... cricket and drinking beer. 4. He met some eightyear-olds in ... park and they were teaching him how to play ...
football. 5. ... grass hockey is most probably ... oldest ball game
played on Earth. 6. ... average high school in Britain offers its
students ... great variety of sports including ... rowing, archery,
tennis and golf. 7. He’s terrifi c at playing ... chess though nobody
taught him to do it. 8. ... young gentlemen together with ... ladies
were plying ... billiards in ... billiard-room; ... older ones sought
solace in ... quiet game of cards. 9. Suddenly he remembered ...
engagement to play ... golf at his club. 10. ... children were so
occupied in playing ... hide-and-seek that they refused to have
their usual midday meal. 11. ... four major American sports are ...
hockey, baseball, American football and basketball. 12. I’m also
learning to play ... mini-golf from Kevin, but my progress is rather slow. 13. For me, ... most unusual sport is ... triathlon which
includes ... swimming, bicycle-riding and long-distance running.
14. ... badminton can be played easily at any grassy or sandy
spot. 15. Recently peculiar US sports such as ... skate-boarding,
wind-surfi ng and hang-gliding have gained ... international popularity.
II. Sports in Britain.
... British are proud that many sports originated in their
country and then spread throughout ... world. ... national Brit-
ish sports are: ... football, golf, cricket, table tennis, lawn tennis,
snooker, steeplechase, racing and darts.
... Football, ... most popular game in ... world, is of two kinds:
... association football (soccer) and ... rugby. ... Soccer played
in almost all countries of ... world remains one of ... most popu-
lar games in Great Britain. ... Rugby originated at Rugby public
school differs from ... soccer in ... following way: it is played by
teams of 15 men with ... oval ball which can be carried by hands.
... Golf originated in Scotland as ... game played by shepherds
on ... grassy slopes and dales. Nowadays it is played all over ...
world and is one of ... favourite games of well-to-do people.
Englishmen are fond of ... cricket which they learn to play
at schools, colleges and universities. ... game is very slow and
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EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
abounds in complicated rules, which are not sometimes clear to
... foreigners.
... Table tennis originated in England in1880, but ... British
players are not lucky in tennis international championships. ...
world center of ... Lawn tennis is Wimbledon. Wimbledon championships begin on ... nearest Monday to June 22, when ... weather is generally fi ne. They are watched on TV live and full length
by millions of people.
Englishmen like all kinds of ... racing: horse-racing, motor-
car racing, boat-racing, dog-racing. ... most famous boat race in
England is between Oxford and Cambridge Universities. It fi rst
started in 1820 and has been held almost every spring since 1836.
Extremely popular are various kinds of horse racing, ... steeple-
chase especially. ... fi rst cross-country race took place in 1837 and
now is spread in most European countries.
All water sports are extremely popular too, including ... swim-
ming, diving, sailing, water skiing, canoeing.
There is ... enormous amount of ... live broadcasting of all
types of sports events, professional and amateur at national and
international levels.
Check your comprehension. Give the names of sport 51.
activities and games described below.
a game played with 28 small, fl at, oblong pieces of plastic 1.
or bone, marked with spots;
a game where small, sharp-pointed feathered missiles are 2.
to be thrown at a target, marked with numbers for scoring;
a race with obstacles such as fences, hedges and ditches;3.
a game played with rackets and a rubber ball in a walled 4.
court;
sport in which one balances oneself on a long narrow board 5.
while being carried along by heavy surf;
a game played with balls and long tapering sticks (called 6.
«cues») on an oblong, cloth-covered table;
acrobatic leaps on a strong canvas set on a spring frame;7.
sport of fl ying an aircraft without an engine;8.
a board game for two players using twenty-four round pieces;9.
an outdoor game played with a ball which is caught in, car-10.
ried in and thrown from a racket (called «a cross»);
an activity in which two teams pull against each other on 11.
a rope;
a game played with a bat and ball, by two teams of nine 12.
players each, on a fi eld with four bases;
154
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
a game played on a fi eld by two teams of eleven players 13.
each, with bats and wickets;
a ball game played on horseback with mallets;14.
running, jumping and throwing.15.
Key: 1. dominoes; 2. darts; 3. steeple-chase; 4. squash; 5. surfing; 6. billiards; 7. trampolining; 8. gliding; 9. draughts; 10. lacrosse; 11. tug of war; 12. baseball; 13. cricket; 14. polo; 15. athletics (track and fi eld events).
Fill in the gaps with the proper articles before nouns 52.
bed, school, church, prison, hospital etc.
I.
1. He lay on ... bed of ... sickness, incapable of any exertion. 2.
3. I was so tired that I threw myself on ... bed in my clothes. 4. He
held up ... curtain of ... bed and his eyes were fi xed on me. 5. On
awakening I found myself in ... prison, stretched on ... wretched
bed. 6. ... family that night went to ... bed exalted with ... hope.
7. ... bed of ... river thereabouts was so high as to form ... shal-
low sandy place. 8. To prove to the world that his severity was a
matter of principle he never afterwards lay in ... bed, nor eat at
... table, nor cut his hair, nails or beard. 9. «Get him to ... bed»,
said Dick wearily. 10. He waked and felt ... bed shaking with
Miranda’s sobbing. 11. There was ... bed on ... verandah on either
side of ... door. 12. I found ... message from Joseph Elliott’s manservant, to tell me that Elliott was ill in ... bed. 13. Peter crossed
to ... telephone beside ... nearer bed. 14. I like to read in ... bed
before going to sleep. 15. Marie had emphatically forbidden any
more cigars in ... bed. 16. She loves her husband bringing her
breakfast in ... bed. 17. When he came I was upstairs making
... beds. 18. He went straight into his room. His glance fell on ...
bed. ... sheet had been torn. On ... father side of ... bed ... clothes
were depressed as if someone had been sitting there. 19. I read
in ... Guinness Book of Records that ... certain Englishman lay on
... bed of nails for more than 300 hours! 20. On ... third day I was
better: I could speak, move rise in ... bed and turn. 21. Adele’s
eyes were waxing heavy, so I took her in my arms and carried
her off to ... bed. 22. «Here, Jane», he said; and I walked round to
... other side of ... large bed, which occupied ... considerable part
of ... bedroom. 23. I approached ... bed; I opened ... curtains and
leaned over ... high-piled pillows. 24. I rose up in ... bed and cried
«Sophie!», but still everything was silent. 25. My dripping clothes
were removed; soon ... warm, dry bed received me. 26. I knew I
155
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
was in ... small room and in ... narrow bed. 27. She looks tired and
hungry too; let her have some supper before she is put to ... bed.
II.
1. In ... university where I am going I must form my own
friends and be my own protector. 2. She was four years out of ...
college then, and twenty-seven years old. 3. «How was ... school
today?» «Could you be specifi c, Father? There were several classes. Which do you want to know about?» 4. If children are clever
they continue to receive ... free education until they are eighteen,
and even while they are at ... university. 5. Meantime, Mr. Brocklehurst, standing with his hands behind his back, majestically
surveyed ... whole school. 6. There’s ... dance at ... University every Sunday evening. Would you like to join me for ... coming one?
7. Do many people in your country go to ... university? 8. Don’t
you remember me? We used to be at ... college together. 9. After
he had passed his school-leaving exams at the age of nine, he
went to ... college. ... year and ... half later he fi nished ... college
and started at ... medical school. 10. These two young men have
just fi nished ... engineering department of ... university and are
looking for ... employment at our plant. 11. How is Peter getting on at ... school? – Not very well, I should say. 12. Why did
he begin to attend ... school only at the age of twelve? 13. I met
Harry on my way to ... school and he gave me ... lift. 14. After ...
high school I studied ... hotel and restaurant management at ...
University of Los Angeles. I received my bachelor’s degree from
... University of Illinois in 1999 and my master’s degree from ...
Northwestern University in 2002. 15. They ring two bells for ...
school and one for ... recess. 16. Are your relatives so very poor?
Can’t they send you to ... school? 17. ... bread and cheese were
presently brought in and distributed to ... high delight of ... whole
school. 18. It’s partly ... charity school; you and I, and all of us are
charity-children. 19. If you do so Mr. Brocklehurst will expel you
from ... school: that would be ... great grief to your relations. 20.
Two minutes after, all ... school, teachers included, rose en masse
to greet him. 21. In Britain children from ... age of fi ve have to go
to ... school. 22. You are mistaken, no one in ... school dislikes or
despises you, many, I’m sure, pity you much. 23. ... moment Miss
Scatcherd withdrew, after ... afternoon school, I ran to see Helen.
24. These sad events had drawn ... public attention to ... school.
25. When Harriet fi nished ... high school, she didn’t go to ... college and she didn’t get ... job. She continued to live at ... home
with her parents. 26. Is this ... fi rst time you have left your parents to come to ... school, my little girl? 27. My greatest wish is to
156
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
save enough money out of my earnings to set up ... school some
day in ... little house rented by myself. 28. «I will go to my house
tomorrow and open ... school, if you like, next week». – «Very well,
so be it». 29. Mr. St John, when he grew up, would go to ... college
and be ... parson; and ... girls, as soon as they left ... school, would
seek places as governesses. 30. Don’t recall either my mind or
body to ... school; I’m out of it and disposed for ... full holiday. 31.
This morning ... village school opened. I had twenty scholars in
it. 32. Two years ago I establish ... school for boys, I mean to open
... second school for girl now. 33. When I left ... college I was sent
out to Jamaica to attend to ... family business there. 34. After
graduating from ... secondary school, lyceum or gymnasium most
young people go on to ... higher education – ... college or university. 35. For Russian children ... school starts at ... age of six. But
most of them have learned letters in ... kindergarten which is
now ... part of ... primary school.
III.
1. At last my sleepless and aching eyes saw ... church of Ingolstadt. 2. When he moved slowly to ... church ... proudest heads of
Seville were uncovered as he passed. 3. Professions are certainly
less gentlemanlike than indolence. ... Church is the best, ... Army
is abstractedly and positively vulgar, ... Law is too bustling and
business-like. ... Church is really ... gentlemanlike, good, young-
er-brotherish profession. 4. My granny is ... regular churchgoer.
She goes to ... church every Sunday. 5. Let me see ... church of
your village and take some photos of ... building. 6. Now Thornfi eld Hall was ... changed place. No longer silent as ... church, it
echoed every hour to ... clang of ... bell or ... knock at ... door. 7.
Impassible roads prevented our stirring beyond ... garden walls,
except to go to ... church. 8. Again I looked out: we were passing ... church; I saw its low, broad tower against ... sky. 9. Both
... staircase and ... long gallery looked as if they belonged to ...
church rather than ... house. 10. ... church of ... district stood near
Thornfi eld: its old tower-top was clearly visible over ... houses
and gates. 11. It was three o’clock; ... bell of ... church tolled as I
passed it by. 12. Eliza was busy making ... covering for ... altar
of ... new church lately erected near Gateshead. 13. ... house was
empty: everyone had gone to attend ... saint’s day service at ...
new church. 14. We shall not want ... carriage to go to ... church,
but it must be ready ... moment we return. 15. When they were
coming back from ... church to Lowood they long for ... plenteous
meal and ... good fi re, but were unable to get either. 16. I have
settled everything: we’ll leave tomorrow, after our return from ...
157
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
church. 17. I must say going to ... church didn’t have much effect
on you. 18. «Go to ... church: see if Mr. Wood, ... clergyman, and
... clerk are there: return and tell me». ... church was just beyond
... gates, so ... footman soon returned. 19. In ... matters of ... religion she was ... rigid formalist; fair or foul, she went to ... church
thrice every Sunday and as often on ... week-days as there were
prayers. 20. Two gentlemen, as they saw us, passed round to ...
back of ... church in order to witness ... ceremony.
IV.
1. We passed a few sad hours until eleven o’ clock when ...
trial was to begin. 2. I accompanied my father and the rest of the
family to ... court. 3. ... fortnight after my removal I was liberated
from ... prison. 4. My general state of feeling was ... torpor in
which ... prison was as welcome ... residence as ... best scene in ...
nature. 5. ... court met early that day and ... criminal was brought
from ... prison with ... delay. 6. ... Treasury, ... Presidencia, ...
dentist’s, ... prison – ... low white colonnaded building – whichever way you choose you come ultimately to ... river. 7. I took myself
toward ... jail, which is ... box-shaped brick building next door to
... Ford Motor Company. 8. He was caught robbing ... bank and
was sent to ... prison for seven years. 9. In this country people are
in ... prison for their political opinions. 10. Could I be fi ned 1000
dollars instead of being sent to ... prison? 11. For me, your house
is worse than ... prison, because in ... prison you can have at least
... company of other criminals, but here I’m quite lonely. 12. It’s
incredible, that ... man with his social position so high, has been
sent to ... jail. 13. Jack didn’t have to go to ... jail because there
was too little evidence. 14. I’m sorry to say so, but ... trial ended
in ... guilty verdict. 15. ... wedding was cancelled as ... bridegroom
was taken to ... prison for ... forgery. 16. People who spend time
in ... prison rapidly become institutionalized. 17. As soon as ...
riot broke out, ... police surrounded ... prison. 18. Many people
think ... prison should be just like any other building. 19. ... trial
attracted much attention and ... court was crowded. 20. A lot of
people were taken to ... court for failing to pay local taxes.
V.
1. Nora has just had ... operation and is still in ... hospital. 2.
His girlfriend was ... cleaner at ... hospital. 3. Could we meet near
... hospital? There’s ... nice little park behind it. 4. Being injured
in ... accident Jack was kept in ... hospital for two weeks. 5. ...
well-known professor was giving instructions to his students who
followed him round ... hospital when ... fi re broke out in one of ...
158
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
wards. 6. ... patient demanded his clothes and intended to leave
... hospital immediately. 7. She felt bad and went to ... hospital
but ... doctors couldn’t fi nd anything wrong with her. 8. If I were
taken to ... hospital would you visit me? 9. With nearly every
pupil being infected, ... schoolroom and ... dormitory were trans-
formed into ... hospital. 10. ... new hospital has been recently
built in our area.
Read the following texts and insert articles where nec-53.
essary. Mind the use of articles before nouns kinder-
garten, school, college, home, prison.
I.
Mary Jane is ... 45-year-old housewife. Her youngest child is
starting ... high school next year, so Mary Jane is going to have
more free time. She is thinking about going back to ... college to
fi nish her degree in ... social work. She and her husband Kevin
are discussing ... effects this will have on their family life.
Mary Jane: I’m really excited about ... program at ... Northern
Wade State College. If they accept me, I’ll go there.
Kevin: Is that ... school that has ... internship program where
you have ... job while you’re working on ... degree.
Mary Jane: Right. It’s ... great system because if I start getting ... experience while I’m still in ... school I’ll be better prepared for ... good job. I’ll begin earning ... money as soon as I get
my degree.
Kevin: Do you mean they won’t pay you until you graduate
from ... college? Will you have to work for free? How long will it
take you to fi nish your degree?
Mary Jane: Well, I’ll probably fi nish before Jamie goes to ...
college.
Kevin: That’s only three years from now. You’ll have to work
awfully hard and you won’t have enough time to be with ... children and me, and to take care of ... house. Maybe you can just
take ... couple of courses at ... community college, which is just ...
couple of blocks from here.
Mary Jane: Oh, Kevin, that’s not what I want! There’s ... woman in my garden club whose son goes there and ... courses he’s
taking are really boring.
Kevin: I don’t know, Mary Jane. Is all this extra time and effort going to be worth it? I know lots of men who are perfectly
happy to stay at ... home and take care of their families.
Mary Jane: That’s fi ne for now, but when all ... kids leave ...
home, I won’t have enough to keep me busy. And anyway, you
159
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
know very well that unless I earn some money, we won’t be able
to pay ... children’s tuition at ... college.
Kevin: I guess you’re right.
II.
Julie Lincoln is four years old. She doesn’t go to ... school now,
but she is eager to start so that she can become ... astronaut.
Julie: Mommy, when can I go up on ... space shuttle? Shall I
be ... astronaut when I’m fi ve?
Mother: I’m afraid not, honey. But as soon as you are fi ve,
you’ll go to ... kindergarten and start learning all kinds of interesting things.
Julie: After I start ... kindergarten shall I know how to fl y ...
jet?
Mother: I don’t think they teach that in ... kindergarten, Julie.
You won’t learn how to fl y until you are much bigger.
Julie: When I am in ... junior high school like Jimmie?
Mother: Even bigger than your brother, Julie. I think you’ll
need to graduate from ... college fi rst. Before you start working
for NASA you should study a lot of ... math and science.
Julie: Do you think I’ll learn those things in ... kindergarten?
Mother: Of course you’ll learn a lot about math and science
when you are in ... kindergarten. But after you fi nish ... kindergarten you’ll be ready to start ... fi rst grade and learn a lot more
things. Your friend Gregg is in ... fi rst grade now and he’s having
a lot of fun.
Julie: He has ... Star Trek lunch box and he takes ... bus every
day! When I go to ... school, shall I ride ... bus? Shall I have my
own lunch box?
Mother: Sure, I’ll buy you one as soon as you fi nish ... kin-
dergarten, and you will ride ... bus every day until you are old
enough to get your own car and drive to ... school.
Julie: OK. I won’t go up into ... space at least until I go to ...
kindergarten and have my own lunch box.
III.
Eva worked in ... computer department of ... bank. About ...
year ago ... bank accountants found that someone had been illegally transferring ... money out of ... accounts. After ... police
investigation Eva was charged with this crime. As she was ...
only person who could use ... certain computer systems, ... police
and bank offi cials knew that Eva must have taken ... missing
money. ... bank offi cials were not sure why she had done it. They
thought that her boyfriend might have pressured her to com-
160
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