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Файл:English for Agronomy Students. Учебное пособие для СПО
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СРЕДНЕЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ
_________________________________________________________________
Брянский государственный аграрный университет
С.Н. Поцепай, Т.И. Васькина
ENGLISH
FOR AGRONOMY STUDENTS
Учебное пособие для СПО
Саратов
Профобразование
2026
УДК 811
ББК 81.2
П64
Рецензенты:
Резунова М.В. — канд. филол. наук, доц., зав. кафедрой
социально-гуманитарных и естественно-научных дисциплин
Брянского филиала Российской академии народного хозяйства
и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации;
Голуб Л.Н. — канд. пед. наук, доц., доц. кафедры иностранных языков
Брянского государственного аграрного университета
Поцепай, Светлана Николаевна.
П64 English for Agronomy Students : учебное пособие для СПО /
С.Н. Поцепай, Т.И. Васькина ; Брянский государственный аграрный
университет. — Саратов : Профобразование, 2026. — 64 с. — (Среднее
профессиональное образование). — Текст : электронный.
ISBN 978-5-4488-2832-4
В учебном пособии представлены тексты и коммуникативные
упражнения, направленные на развитие у студентов навыков чтения и перевода специальной литературы, усвоение профессиональной агрономической терминологии на русском и английском языках. Описаны основные
части растений и их функции, почва и ее структура, рассмотрены классификация сельскохозяйственных культур, вредные насекомые, сорняки
и методы борьбы с ними.
Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по
специальности среднего профессионального образования «Агрономия»,
изучающих дисциплину «Иностранный язык (английский)».
Учебное электронное издание
Обложка Я.А. Кирсанов, С.С. Сизиумова, фотобанк Freepik
ISBN 978-5-4488-2832-4 © Поцепай С.Н., Васькина Т.И., 2024
© ФГБОУ ВО «Брянский государственный
аграрный университет», 2024
© Оформление. ООО «Профобразование», 2026
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MODULE 1 Agronomy
3. MODULE 2 Agronomic Classification of Crops
4. MODULE 3 Plant Structure
5. MODULE 4 Crop Breeding
6. MODULE 5 Seed and Germination
7. MODULE 6 Small Grains
8. MODULE 7 Crop Rotation
9. MODULE 8 Weeds
10. MODULE 9 Soil
11. MODULE 10 Soil Texture
12. MODULE 11 Seed Bed Preparation
13. MODULE 12 Fertilizers
14. MODULE1 3 Vegetables
15. MODULE 14 Fruit-Growing. Tree Fruits
16. MODULE 15 Small Fruits
17. SUPPLEMENTARY READING
18. WORD BANK
19. GRAMMAR REFERENCES 48
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Предисловие
Дисциплина «Иностранный язык (английский)» входит в цикл базовых
(обязательных) дисциплин и призвана способствовать общему
интеллектуальному развитию студентов, их способностей к социальному
и профессиональному взаимодействию. Она также стимулирует
к самообучению, академической мобильности и непрерывному образованию,
что обеспечивает формирование и развитие иноязычных информационнокоммуникативных компетенций.
Основными целями данного учебного пособия являются: обучение
студентов лексике агрономической направленности, развитие навыков чтения
специализированных текстов и общения на профессионально ориентированные
темы. При этом пособие должно подготовить студентов к дальнейшему
обучению, реферированию и аннотированию более сложных, в том числе
аутентичных, текстов по агрономии.
Пособие включает 15 модулей с текстами, коммуникативными
упражнениями и словарным минимумом, направленных на развитие у студентов
навыков чтения и
перевода
специальной литературы,
активизацию
профессиональной терминологии на русском и английском языках и
грамматического справочника. Необходимо отметить, что тексты носят учебный
характер и охватывают рассматриваемые вопросы агрономии в полном объеме.
В зависимости от уровня языковой подготовки группы возможно привлечение
дополнительного материала по данным темам.
В настоящем пособии приводятся: описания основных частей растения и
их функции; почва и её структура, физические свойства; классификация
сельскохозяйственных культур; севооборот; сорняки и борьба с ними; вредные
насекомые и т. д.
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MODULE 1
Agronomy
Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants for different purposes.
Agronomy is the application of a combination of sciences like biology, chemistry, economics,
ecology, soil science, and genetics.
Agronomists today are involved with many issues including producing food, creating
healthier food, managing environmental impact of agriculture, and creating energy from plants.
Agronomists often specialize in areas such as crop rotation, irrigation and drainage, plant breeding,
plant physiology, soil classification, soil fertility, weed control, insect and pest control.
The main task of agronomists is to produce the best crops under various conditions. That is
why they try to develop more productive varieties of crops. Plant breeding involves selective breeding
of high-quality plants. Plant breeding has increased crop yields and has improved the nutritional value
of numerous crops, including corn, soybeans, and wheat. It has also led to the development of new
types of plants. For example, a hybrid grain called triticale was produced by crossbreeding rye and
wheat.
In addition, agronomists study sustainable ways to make soils more productive and profitable.
They classify soils and reproduce them to determine whether they contain substances vital to plant
growth such as compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. If a certain soil is deficient in
these substances, fertilizers may provide them. Soil science also involves investigation of the
movement of nutrients through the soil, the amount of nutrients absorbed by a plant roots, and the
development of roots and their relation to the soil.
EXERCISES TO THE TEXT
Exercise 1. Read, write down and learn the words and word-combinations.
Exercise 2. Give the Russian for the following words and word-combinations:
1) Science and technology of producing and using plants for different purposes, 2) producing
food, 3) creating healthier food, 4) managing environmental impact of agriculture, 5) creating energy
from plants, 6) to produce the best crops under various conditions, 7) a hybrid grain, 8) crossbreeding,
9) profitable, 10) to be deficient, 11) nutrient, 12) plant roots.
Exercise 3. Give the English for the following words and word-combinations:
1) Tехнология производства, 2) производство продуктов питания, 3) севооборот, 4)
плодородие почвы, 5) повысить питательную ценность, 6) выведение новых сортов растений,
7) гибрид ржи и пшеницы, 8) соединение азота, фосфора и калия, 9) иметь дефицит
питательных веществ, 10) удобрение, 11) изучение движения питательных веществ, 12)
поглощать.
Exercise 4. Insert the correct prepositions:
1. Agronomists often specialize … areas such as crop rotation, irrigation and drainage, plant
breeding, plant physiology and others.
2. Agronomy is the science and technology … producing and using plants … different
purposes.
3. The main task … agronomists is to produce the best crops under various conditions.
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4. It has also led … the development of new types of plants.
5. A hybrid grain called triticale was produced … crossbreeding rye and wheat.
6. … a certain soil is deficient … these substances, fertilizers may provide them.
7. They classify soils and reproduce them to determine … they contain substances vital …
plant growth such as compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Exercise 5.
1) Find the synonyms among the following words:
Plant, soil, nutrient, species, substance, various, to develop, to produce, different, ground, to
make, crop, food, variety, to create, matter.
2) Find the antonyms among the following words:
Decrease, to destroy, deficient, healthy, sufficient, sick, increase, to create.
Exercise 6. Translate into English:
1. Агрономия включает такие сферы, как севооборот, осушение и орошение,
плодородие почвы, борьба с сорняками и вредителями.
2. Задача агрономов – производить лучшие урожаи в различных условиях.
3. Агрономы стараются вывести более продуктивные и высококачественные сорта
растений.
4. Вещества, жизненно важные для роста растений – это азот, фосфор и калий.
5. Агрономы определяют, содержит ли почва необходимые вещества.
6. Почвоведение исследует движение питательных веществ в почве, а также количество
питательных веществ, впитываемых корнями.
Exercise 7. Answer the following questions:
1. What is agronomy?
2. What problems do agronomists deal with?
3. What areas do agronomists specialize in?
4. What is the main task of agronomists?
5. What does plant breeding mean?
6. Why is it necessary for agronomists to study soil?
Exercise 8. Make up the plan of the text and retell it.
MODULE 2
Agronomic Classification of Crops
Agronomically, field crops are grouped according to the way in which they are used. The
most common agronomic classification divides field crops into the following main groups:
1. Cereals (Grain Crops). A cereal is a grass grown for its edible grain. The most important
grain crops widely grown throughout the world are wheat, corn, barley, oats, rye, rice, sorghum,
millets. Grain crops are mainly used as bread crops and as concentrates in feeding livestock. They are
well adapted to machine harvesting and processing. All of them are annuals, producing seed in the
year of sowing.
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2. Legumes. Legume crops produce edible protein-rich seeds. The legumes widely grown by
man are field peas, field beans, soybeans, peanuts. The growing of legumes improves soil fertility
because of their capability to fix nitrogen from the air.
3. Root Crops. Crops known as root crops are cultivated for their enlarged nutritious roots.
The most widely grown root crops are vegetable crops used as human food. They are carrots, radishes,
beets and others. They are biennials, producing seeds in the second year.
4. Tuber Crops. The most important tuber crop cultivated throughout the world is potatoes.
A tuber is a short thickened underground stem. Like root crops tubers are biennials, but people grow
them as annuals.
5. Fibre Crops. As the name shows, these crops are grown for their fibre which is used in
making clothes or for different purposes in industry. The examples of fibre crops are cotton, flax and
hemp.
6. Forage Crops. These are the crops used as feed for farm animals. Forage crops including
grasses, legumes and some other crops are cultivated for hay, pasture and silage. Most forage crops
are perennials, that is, they can live and produce seeds for many years in succession.
7. Oil Crops. These are plants grown for their seeds which are rich source of oil. The
important oil seed crops include soybeans, sunflower, oil palm, sesame, olives.
This classification is incomplete. Some other groups of crops can be named, such as sugar
crops, drug crops, beverage crops, etc.
EXERCISES TO THE TEXT
Exercise 1. Read, write down and learn the words and word-combinations.
Exercise 2. Give the Russian for the following words and word-combinations:
1) Field crops, 2) agronomic classification, 3) cereals, 4) sorghum, 5) millets, 6) legumes,
7) field peas, 8) field beans, 9) soybeans, 10) peanuts, 11) to improve soil fertility, 12) root crops,
13) enlarged nutritious roots, 14) biennials, 15) tuber crops, 16) a short thickened underground stem,
17) fibre crops, 18) forage crops.
Exercise 3. Give the English for the following words and word-combinations:
1) Группировать, 2) с агрономической точки зрения, 3) делить на, 4) злаковые,
5) приспособлен, 6) механизированная уборка, 7) хлебная культура, 8) богатый белком,
9) бобовые, 10) двулетние, 11) прядильные культуры, 12) многолетние, 13) фуражные
культуры, 14) классификация культур незакончена, 15) возделывать.
Exercise 4. Insert the correct prepositions:
1. Field crops are grouped … … the way in which they are used.
2. A cereal is a grass grown … its edible grain.
3. Grain crops are mainly used … bread crops and … concentrates in feeding livestock.
4. The legumes widely grown … man are field peas, field beans, soybeans, peanuts.
5. The most important tuber crop cultivated … the world is potatoes.
6. They can live and produce seeds … many years in succession.
7. Fibre crops are grown … their fibre which is used in making clothes or … different purposes
in industry.
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Exercise 5.
1) Find the synonyms among the following words:
Beverage, to grow, a group, to use, important, to cultivate, enlarged, significant, to apply, in
succession, drink, a type, one after the other, extended.
2) Find the antonyms among the following words:
To enlarge, rich, fertility, classification, important, perennials, sterility, annuals, poor, to
diminish, disorganization, unimportant.
Exercise 6. Translate into English
1. C агрономической точки зрения сельскохозяйственные культуры группируются
согласно способу их использования.
2. Злаковые выращиваются ради их съедобного зерна.
3.Злаковые хорошо приспособлены к механизированной уборке и переработке.
4. Бобовые, выращиваемые ради богатых белком семян, - это горох, бобы, соя, арахис.
5. Морковь и свекла относятся к двулетним культурам, производящим семена на второй год.
6. Прядильные культуры используются для различных целей в промышленности.
7. Большинство фуражных культур многолетние.
8. Масличные культуры являются богатым источником масла.
Exercise7. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the principle of agronomic classification of field crops?
2. What are the most important cereals?
3. How are cereals used?
4. What crops belong to legumes?
5. Why does the growing of legumes improve soil fertility?
6. What crops are grown as root crops?
7. What are fibre crops grown for?
8. What crops belong to oil crops?
Exercise 8.Continue the table, characterizing the main groups of crops.
Сrops
The used part
Purpose of growing
Annual, biannual
or perennial
Examples
Cereals
grain
Making bread,
concentrates in feeding
livestock
annuals
wheat, corn, barley,
oats, rye, rice,
sorghum, millets
…
Exercise 9. Make up the plan of the text and retell it.
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MODULE 3
Plant Structure
Plants are one of the two groups into which all living things have been traditionally divided;
the other is animals. A plant has two organ systems: 1) the shoot system, and 2) the root system.
The root system includes those parts of the plant below ground, such as the roots, tubers, and
rhizomes. Being in the soil the roots are as important as the tops because they absorb from the soil
water and mineral nutrients required by the plant. Having been absorbed from the soil, nutrients and
water are translocated from roots to other plant parts. In addition to the main function mentioned the
root has two more functions. It anchors the plant by branching throughout the soil and serves as a
storage organ for nutrients in biennial and perennial plants. Two general kinds of roots are fibrous
roots and tap roots. The roots of cereals and other grasses belong to the former and those of legumes
and root crops to the latter.
The shoot system is above ground and includes the organs such as leaves, buds, stems,
flowers, and fruits. The leaf plays a highly important role due to its ability to make carbohydrates
from carbon dioxide using sunlight energy. This process is known as photosynthesis.
The main functions of the stem are: conducting water and plant nutrients from root to leaf;
supporting leaves; storing food materials. Being young the grasses have solid stems, that is, the ones
filled with pith. Having matured the stems of most grasses become hollow. Some crops as corn have
pith throughout their lives. A major crop production problem associated with the stem is lodging
which is due to the adverse effects of rain and wind. Resistance to lodging is an important quality in
cereals.
Most of the important crop plants are reproduced by seeds which germinate and produce
seedlings. The vegetative phase is characterized by increases in the size of roots, stems and leaves.
Having reached the reproductive phase, the plant flowers and produces seeds, thus completing its life
cycle.
EXERCISES TO THE TEXT
Exercise 1. Read, write down and learn the words and word-combinations.
Exercise 2. Give the Russian for the following words and word-combinations:
1) a shoot system, 2) parts of the plant below ground, 3) mineral nutrients, 4) a storage organ,
5) adverse effects of rain and wind, 6) to make carbohydrates, 7) reproductive phase, 8) to conduct
water and plant nutrients from root to leaf, 9) a solid stem, 10) a bud, 11) filled with pith, 12) to
produce seeds, 13) absorb from the soil, 14) use sunlight energy, 15) resistance to lodging, 16) to
complete life cycle 17) to support leaves.
Exercise 3. Give the English for the following words and word-combinations:
1) Надземные части растений, 2) питательные вещества, 3) производить углеводы, 4)
стержневые и мочковатые корни, 5) стебель, 6) впитываться, 7) проводить воду и питательные
вещества от корня к листьям, 8) прорастать, 9) корневая система, 10) воспроизводиться, 11)
устойчивость к полеганию, 12) созревать, 13) перемещать 14) побег, 15) неблагоприятный, 16)
вегетативная фаза, 17) закреплять.
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Exercise 4. Insert the correct prepositions:
1. The root system includes those parts … the plant … ground, such as the roots, tubers, and
rhizomes.
2. Nutrients and water are translocated … roots … other plant parts.
3. It anchors the plant … branching throughout the soil and serves … a storage organ …
nutrients … biennial and perennial plants.
4. The shoot system is … ground and includes the organs such … leaves, buds, stems, flowers,
and fruits.
5. Resistance … lodging is an important quality … cereals.
6. Most … the important crop plants are reproduced … seeds which germinate and produce
seedlings.
7. Some crops … corn have pith … their lives.
Exercise 5.
1) Find the synonyms among the following words:
Solid, resistance, to include, to anchor, to translocate, to absorb, to mature, branching,
protection, to contain, to hitch, strong, ramification, to transfer, to soak up, to ripen.
2) Find the antonyms among the following words:
To complete, young, to include, above, to accomplish, to exclude, to germinate, major,
matured, below, to die, minor.
Exercise 6. Translate into English
1) Все живые организмы делятся на две группы: растения и животные.
2) Корни так же важны, как и надземные части растений.
3) Вода и питательные вещества впитываются корнями.
4) Корни закрепляют растения в почве.
5) Два основных типа корней – это стержневые и мочковатые корни.
6) Листья способны производить углеводы из углекислого газа, используя солнечную
энергию.
7) Стебель проводит воду и питательные вещества от корня к листьям и поддерживает
листья. 8. Семена служат для размножения растений.
Exercise 7. Answer the following questions.
1. What plant parts belong to root system?
2. What plant parts belong to shoot system?
3. What kinds of roots are there?
4. What is photosynthesis?
5. What is a major agronomical problem associated with stem?
Exercise 8. Complete the table.
№
Parts of the Plant
Their Functions
Exercise 9. Make up the plan of the text and retell it.
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