Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:English Articles in Use. Артикли. Объяснение, употребление, тренинг
.pdf
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 1
Многие годы он провел в полном одиночестве и забвении.
44. Многие люди сами не знают, чего хотят. 45. Тебе не идет
это платье. Это абсолютно неподходящий фасон. 46. Не стоит
волноваться. У нас как раз столько времени, сколько нужно,
чтобы добраться до вокзала. 47. Обратись за советом к Полу. Он
как раз тот человек, с которым нужно проконсультироваться
в данной ситуации. 48. Это совсем не тот ответ, который я бы
хотела от тебя услышать. 49. Это не та литература, которую
можно читать детям. 50. Он человек такого типа, который
всем нравится.
111
Exercises to chapters 2, 3, 4
The indefinite article.
The definite article.
The zero article
Determine the function of the article in the following 1.
sentences. Find Russian equivalents to the proverbs
and sayings.
A) 1. Take care of the minutes and the hours will take care
of themselves. 2. Curiosity killed the cat. 3. A small leak will
sink a great ship. 4. Honey is sweet but the bee stings. 5. A good
dog deserves a good bone. 6. The pot calls the kettle black. 7. A
rolling stone gathers no moss. 8. There is not a rose without a
thorn. 9. When the cat is away the mice will play. 10. To call a
spade a spade. 11. Men may meet but mountains never. 12. As
is the workman so is the work. 13. A stitch in time saves nine.
14. Speech is silver, but silence is gold. 15. A friend in need is a
friend indeed.
B) 1. He calls a goose a swan. 2. Jest with an ass and he will
fl ap you in the face with the tail. 3. A fair face may hide a foul
heart. 4. Time is a great healer. 5. As the fool thinks, so the bell
clinks. 6. An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 7.
The last straw broke the camel’s back. 8. Crows don’t pick crows’
eyes. 9. A hungry man is an angry man. 10. While the grass grows
the horse starves. 11. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 12.
The exception proves the rule. 13. Half a loaf is better than no
bread at all. 14. After a storm comes a calm. 15. A man is known
by the company he keeps.
Write suitable responses with 2. Yes using nouns in place
of verbs in italics. Mind the use of articles.
Someone smashed the window and broke in. – Yes, there was
a break-in.
They began by 1. warming up the audience.
I believe he 2. dropped out of university.
The government 3. has covered up the truth.
Don’t ask me, I’m only 4. looking on.
Are you going to 5. lie in tomorrow morning?
112
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
I’ll meet you where we 6. check our bags in.
He won after he 7. knocked the champion down in the fourth
round.
I think they 8. have really ripped us off.
The thieves 9. broke into the bank at midday.
At fi rst they said they would go on strike, but then they 10.
climbed down.
Fill in the blanks paying special attention to the use of 3.
articles determined by the situation.
1. «Let’s start … meeting on time!» said …chairperson. «I’ll
read … minutes of … meeting to … audience». 2. It is essential
… candidates should have … thorough medical examination. 3. …
contract must be signed by all parties. 4. «If I were you I’d have …
beef», said … waiter. 5. «Take … prisoner below deck and tie him
up!» shouted … captain. 6. He would wave whenever he walked
past … house. 7. It’s only towards … end of … fi lm that we learn
… hero’s motives. 8… meeting was long and stormy and … comeout was … resignation of … director. 9. I was knocked on … head
in … accident and don’t remember anything that happened. 10.
… earthquake caused … complete destruction of communications
in … country. 11. … criminal that … police had been looking for
since May was arrested at … house near Glasgow. 12. … government tried to hide … facts of … awful mistake they had made,
but it didn’t work and gradually all … details of … disaster came
out. 13. When … new director was appointed … company’s output
increased by ten per cent. 14. Her hopes of winning … gold medal
shook when she was injured at … beginning of … season. 15. …
path led to … labyrinth, and not to … house at all. 16. He sat down
at … vacant end of … sofa and observed … map on … wall. 17.
It was cold; … old people said that it was … coldest spell … town
had ever known. 18. In the middle of … garden stood … huge table
with some chairs at its side. 19. On … evening of Labour Day …
empty fi eld near … mills was no longer empty. 20. She gave us …
permission to make … necessary changes in … text.
Fill in the blanks paying special attention to the use of 4.
articles determined by the situation.
1. I’m afraid … suit-case is too heavy for me to lift. 2. He picked
up … gloves … old lady had dropped. 3. Though … plain was in
… great danger … crew went on working calmly. 4. No doubt …
latest music competition was … great success. 5. I watched …
tennis tournament you are speaking about, on … TV. 6. I sup-
113
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
pose you’ve been keeping … book too long. It’s … time to return
it to … library. 7. You needn’t worry because … operation won’t
be as serious as that. 8. They replied to … letter … same day. 9.
She entered … room holding her daughter by … hand. 10. This
is … extract from … last book written by Leo Tolstoy. 11. Hasn’t
… child calmed down yet? 12. She just gave … enigmatic smile
when we asked about her progress in ... language. 13. Could we
fi x … time of …meeting now? 14. I advise you to hide … matches
from … children. 15. … expression of … child’s face proved that
he didn’t believe … single word of … story. 16. Go to … blackboard and write … following sentence. 17. When all … letters
were looked through he went back to … work. 18. Pity that … lecturer speaks in such … low voice that I hardly hear him. 19. We
thought we were going to … river, but … passer-by assured us in
… opposite. 20. I shan’t take … soup though it smells delicious.
Insert the proper articles paying special attention to 5.
the nouns already mentioned.
A) Alexandra was involved in automobile accident few days
ago. No one was hurt in accident, but her car was damaged.
First of all, Alexandra reported accident to police. They came
to scene of accident immediately and after fi lling out report, they
recommended good auto repair shop, Carl’s Garage, to her. She
called shop right away and described condition of her car to person who answered phone. He arranged appointment for her to
bring car to shop next day for necessary repairs.
Carl repaired car’s dented fender and corrected wheel align-
ment for Alexandra. Then he noticed badly worn tire and changed
it for her. When he fi nished all work on car, he reported repairs
to her. After she paid for work and took copy of bill, she declared
cost of repairs to her insurance company and sent copy of bill
with report.
B) Carol is car salesperson. Every day she talks to several dif-
ferent customers. Yesterday was typical day. First thing in morning, she talked to couple with four children who wanted to look at
station wagon big enough for their whole family to ride in. They
were afraid they wouldn’t afford to buy car that Carol suggested,
but she persuaded to take test drive; they liked car so much that
they decided to fi nd extra money for car somewhere. Carol helped
to get information about loans from car dealer. Couple also said
that they might arrange to borrow money from their parents.
They promised to come back and buy car very soon.
Carol’s next customer was young man about eighteen years
old. As he was potential customer she answered his questions
114
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
very politely and allowed to sit in red sports car he said he would
like to buy. However, she refused to give him keys for test drive,
warned not to break anything in car. Carol fi nally managed to
get rid of him and went to new customer.
Young woman who was looking at compact cars was about to
start new job and needed to get dependable car immediately so
that she could drive to work every day. Carol advised to consider
four-door car with standard transmission to save money on gas.
Carol guaranteed to have model woman preferred available within fi ve days. She offered to answer all questions woman might
have. Woman said that she was only just starting to look at cars,
but she had planned to keep Carol’s offer in mind and come back
in day or so. Carol said she hoped to see woman very soon.
Fill in the blanks with the proper article in the generic 6.
meaning. Comment on the noun it is used with. Give
variants where possible.
1. Suppose … atom bomb had never been invented! 2. All
they that take … sword shall perish with … sword (Matthew).
3. … strict vegetarian eats only greens and vegetables. 4. What
animal is more ferocious – … tiger or … lion? 5. … hammock is
perfect for relaxing in the garden in summer. 6. I’m at my wit’s
end what to choose as … pet – … turtle, … rat or … lizard. 7.
Nobody knows … person who invented …wheel. 8. It is well
known that … whale protects its young. 9. … tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 10. I think … world is getting smaller
because of … airplane. 11. No doubt that … steam engine was
… important invention. 12. … athlete has to practice very hard
to win. 13. One of … most widespread media is … newspaper.
14. Nowadays … computer does most of … work … person used
to do. 15. Don’t you think … university is … place where both
… student and … teacher learn? 16. It’s been proven that …
cigarettes are bad for … health. 17. In … modern society …
politician must put in hours of campaigning to win … race. 18.
… shopping mall can offer everything from … exercise to …
entertainment. 19. No one argues that … cell phones are really
useful. 20. … dog used to be … wild animal which was domesticated long ago. 21. … growing plant must have … water and
… minerals. 22. In medicine … laser can be used to excise …
tissue and to examine it. 23. …piano has evolved over … time,
as has … music written for it. 24. … snake is representative of
strength, power, ferocity, and cunning. 25. I suppose … anger
is … destructive emotion.
115
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
Translate into English.7.
1. Человек редко меняет свои привычки. 2. Врач
должен соблюдать профессиональную этику. 3. Говорят, что
художник – это творец прекрасного. 4. Конный спорт – это
хобби человека, для которого лошадь друг, а не средство
передвижения. 5. Современный политик вынужден тратить
значительные суммы на поддержание имиджа. 6. Хороший
инженер совмещает теоретические знания с практическими
навыками. 7. Гипермаркет – место, где можно купить все,
что угодно. 8. Фрукты и овощи полезны для здоровья. 9.
Китайцы – народ с древней, высокоразвитой культурой. 10.
В большом городе метро быстрее, чем автобус. 11. Книга –
лучший друг интеллигентного человека. 12. Скрипка –
музыкальный инструмент, прообраз которого есть во многих
мировых культурах. 13. Собака – верный и преданный
друг. 14. Иногда правда выглядит более невероятной, чем
выдумка. 15.Человек всегда ценит свободу больше достатка
и благополучия.
Fill in the blanks with the proper articles before sub-8.
stantivized adjectives.
1. He is … alien to this work. 2. … fabulous is always in-
teresting. 3. He did not look … important personage, but …
eminent rarely do. 4. In every epoch … poor were robbed of
their lands. 5. I feel most agitated as … fi nals are approaching.
6. She wears … green that becomes her Slavic appearance. 7.
Have you seen … fi lm «To Save … Private Rayan?» 8. … young
are always romantic, aren’t they? 9. In many countries … blind
are taught trades in … special schools. 10. I think … good in
him overweighs … bad. 11. My mother never lost her taste for
… extravagant. 12. It is well known that … English are great
lovers of tea. 13. The stress of having lost home and loved ones
was taking its toll on even … most stoic. 14. There seems to be
… change for … better in your uncle. 15. If … worst comes to
… worst, I can always go back home to my parents. 16. Let …
dead bury … dead. … living should think of … living (Mathew).
17. Where do … Dutch live? 18. It is obvious that … sweets
are not good for health. 19. Who will win this year’s elections:
… Communists or … Democrats? 20. He said, «Son, when you
grow up, would you be … saviour of … broken, … beaten, and
… damned?» 21. Only … present is real, … past no longer exists, … future is yet non-existent.
116
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
Translate into English paying special attention to the 9.
use of articles with substantivized adjectives.
1. Пострадавшие в автокатастрофе были отправлены
в ближайшую больницу. 2. Неведомое привлекает смелых
и пугает робких. 3. Количество безработных в европейских
странах неуклонно растет. 4. Я не люблю красный цвет, он
мне не идет. 5. Ирландцы до сих пор не смирились с потерей
независимости своей страны. 6. Робин Гуд грабил богатых
и отдавал деньги бедным. 7. Будущее – в руках молодых. 8.
Трава была ярко зеленой, небо – лазурным, а меловые утесы –
ослепительно белыми. 9. Это событие описано в Библии
как «избиение младенцев». 10. Легче быть вежливым по
отношению к вышестоящим, чем к нижестоящим. 11. На
вопрос, признают ли они свою вину, обвиняемые ответили
отрицательно. 12. Скандинавы говорят на родственных языках.
13. Слепой слепого водит, оба ни зги не видят. 14. Ты всегда
сваливаешься как снег на голову! 15. Он из тех людей, что
всегда ожидают худшего. 16. Даже мудрецы ведут себя глупо,
когда влюбляются. 17. Присутствующие не одобрили подобного
решения вопроса. 18. Больные должны соблюдать постельный
режим. 19. Химикаты следует хранить в недоступном для детей
месте. 20. В хорошую погоду люди проводят много времени на
открытом воздухе.
Read the following text. Comment on the use of arti-10.
cles with nouns denoting substances.
The Cup That Cheers
At the moment it reaches 212 degrees Fahrenheit, Sam Twining takes the kettle he had fi lled with fresh, cold water off the
boil and pours it carefully over the tea leaves. «In the morning»,
he was telling me, «I will start with bright and brick English
breakfast tea. After lunch I will have a cup of Darjeeling – a mellow, rounded drink. If the afternoon is especially hot, I will have
a cup of Lapsang Souchong which has a smoky taste from being
smoked over oak chips. If the afternoon is warm, I will have a
cup of Earl Grey, the bergamot-fl avoured tea fi rst blended for the
Earl by Sam Twining’s forebear – some 150 years ago». «If it is
cold and miserable I’ll probably have a cup of Assam which is rich
and malty. And if the weather is really awful, I’ll have a cup of
Vintage Darjeeling, which has a muscatel fl avour».
And so Twining’s day progresses, the cup of tea never too far
from the hand of a man whose family have been teamen ever
117
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
since they went into the business in 1706. Another cup of lowcaffeine Earl Grey at night. A cup of rose Pouchong, which is
sprinkled with real rose petals, if he happens to be at home in
the evening. Fine Black Russian Caravan, so named after the
caravan route that fi rst bore it from China – after red wine. «As a
compliment to enhance the fl avours», Sam explained.
The comparison of tea with wine is a reasonable one. Having
found a way 5,000 years ago of making water more palatable by
infusing it with leaves of the thea sinensis plant, the Chinese
went on to discover that tea, like the grape, draws its taste and
character from the soil in which it grows. And for all those intervening years men have been transporting it, growing it and
blending it in search of the perfect cup of tea for the occasion.
Fill in the gaps with the proper articles before nouns 11.
denoting substances.
1. Doctors advise us to drink six to eight glasses of ... water
... day. 2. She placed before each of us ... cup of ... tea with one
delicious but thin morsel of ... toast. 3. ... hall-door which was
half made of ... glass and half of ... oak stood open; I stepped over
... threshold. 4. We cannot possibly stay here; there’s ... dust all
over ... room and ... air feels chilly. 5. I hear that ... Frenchman
has got into ... Guinness Book of World Records because he can
eat ... metal and glass. 6. At ... breakfast she complained about ...
porridge being lumpy. 7. Though an Englishman, he never eats
... fi sh and chips but is keen on ... Italian spaghetti. 8. American
farmers grow more than 75 million tons of ... grain every year.
9. If you hadn’t been in such a hurry you wouldn’t have put ...
sugar into ... soup instead of ... salt. 10. It was ... good coffee and
we were drinking it with ... pleasure. 11. I ate what I was given
and drank ... brandy. 12. Where is ... cheese that your cousin has
sent us from Switzerland? 13. We get ... oxygen through ... air we
breathe. 14. Nowadays ... salt is added to ... snow as ... means of
melting it. 15. She was busy wrapping her shoes in ... paper and
placing them in ... suit-case. 16. Chinese farm workers often eat
fi ve or six bowls of ... rice ... day. 17. We were enjoying ... roasted
chicken and ... well-dried toast when some outside noise attracted
mutual attention. 18. I cannot eat ... chili you’ve made. It’s too
thick. 19. Look! ... corn in this fi eld is quite ripe and ready to harvest. 20. At ... café I ordered ... ice-cream for Jerry and two white
wines for us. 21. ... volunteers have been cleaning up ... beach
from ... oil which was spilled there two days ago. 22. To keep ...
air cleaner ... automobiles started using ... unleaded gasoline in
118
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
... mid-1970s. 23. To make ... salad tastier you ought to add ...
cup of ... olive oil to it. 24. She is trying to loose ... weight, so she
has only one or two slices of ... bread ... day. 25. London used to
have a lot of ... air pollution before factories changed from ... coal
to cleaner fuels.
Fill in the gaps with the proper articles before nouns 12.
denoting substances.
1. Each girl put on... cloak of ... gray wool. 2. Pregnant women
and nursing mothers should drink ... quart of ... milk ... day. 3.
They had ... coffee brought into ... garden after ... lunch. 4. Picts
who used to inhabit Scotland were famous for ... ale they brew.
5. Some Greeks put fi ve spoons of ... sugar in their coffee. – But
how could they drink it?! 6. You need two cups of ... butter to
make ... pound cake. 7. I went to ... new Indian restaurant last
night and had ... prawn curry with ... chicken. Never in my life
had I eaten such ... delicious food. 8. This is ... light French wine
and it passes well with ... dessert. 9. In some Asian countries
people eat ... meat only once or twice ... month. 10. Mrs. Fairfax
was dusting some vases of ... fi ne purple spar which stood on ...
sideboard. 11. As big cars use a lot of ... gas, Americans stopped
buying them. 12. ... wild animals in ... national parks eat ... food
... tourists throw away. 13. She wore ... dress of ... purple cloth,
relieved by ... sort of ... Spanish trimming of ... black velvet. 14.
... chefs of Mercury Tower Hotel use many eggs and a great deal
of ... cream and … butter every week. 15. Farmers in Florida and
California grow mostly ... fruit and ... cotton, and more rarely ...
grain. 16. Please, pass ... sugar. It’s on ... sideboard. 17. ... sight
was disgusting enough to shake ... nerves of ... steel. 18. ... food
that ... American government donated is mostly ... cheese. 19. I
think, I’ll have ... chicken soup for the fi rst course. – That prob-
ably isn’t ... good idea. ... chicken soup there is usually watery.
20. «What’s inside it?» asked the Mole. «There is ... cold chicken»,
replied the Rat briefl y, « ... cold tongue, cold ham, meat, ginger
bear, lemonade, soda water».
Read the text. Fill in the gaps with the proper articles. 13.
Mind the use of articles before nouns denoting substances.
Nutritionists tell us that it is very important for ... people to
have ... balanced diet. To get ... right amounts of ... protein, ...
carbohydrates, ... vitamins and ... minerals ... person ought to eat
119
EXERCISES TO CHAPTER 2, 3, 4
... food from each of ... four basic groups each day. ... cereal group
includes ... bread and rice. ... dairy group consists of ... eggs and
... milk products. ... meat, ... fi sh and ... beans make up ... protein
group. Green leafy vegetables are especially important in ... fruit
and vegetable group.
Because of ... place where they live, their cultural backgrounds,
and their economic levels, many people eat large quantities of ...
foods in one group but not enough of ... foods in ... other groups.
... diet that many Americans follow, for example, is high in ... red
meat, but low in ... unrefi ned carbohydrates and ... fresh produce.
This means that they consume plenty of ... protein, but more fat
than they need. They sometimes don’t get enough of ... vitamins
and minerals that are necessary for ... good health.
Read the following jokes. Fill in the gaps with the 14.
proper articles. Mind the use of articles before nouns
denoting substances.
*****
Mary had ... little lamb
And then ... little beef,
And then ... tasty side of ... pork
With ... apple sauce beneath,
... Veal and ham and sausages,
And ... pheasant stuffed with ... thyme,
Strange to fi nd such ... greedy girl,
In ... English nursery rhyme!
*****
A customer: «What on earth is this broth made from, waiter?
Surely it isn’t ... chicken broth!»
A waiter: «Well, sir, it’s ... chicken broth in its infancy. It’s
made out of ... water ... eggs were boiled in».
Without a Precedent
First Arctic Explorer: Our last expedition camped at ... place
where it was frightfully cold. Everything would turn into ... ice in
practically no time. ... very fi re would freeze and we couldn’t blow
out ... frozen candle fl ame. We used to break it into little bits and
throw them into ... snow.
Second Arctic Explorer: What’s that in comparison to our expe-
riment! During our last expedition we couldn’t even speak, for our
words would turn into ... ice directly they came out of our mouths.
We used to fry them in order to see what we were talking about.
120
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]