Энергетическое право и энергетическая политика Европейского Союза. Монография

ɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɝɚɡ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ1. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɹɞ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɦ2, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɝɚɡɚ3, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵ, ɤɚɤ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɢ ɝɚɡɭ4 ɢ Ⱥɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ5.

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɟ ȿɋ, ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɛɵɥ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɪɹɞ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ.

ȼ 2010 ɝ. ɛɵɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ — ɱɥɟɧɚ ȿɋ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ (ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɟ ɧɟɯɜɚɬɤɢ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ6. ȼ 2009 ɝ. ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ ɤ ɫɟɬɹɦ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɟɟ ɦɟɠɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ7. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɵɧɤɚ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ, ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɢ ɥɢɰ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɜɫɹ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ (ɫɦ. ɱ. 4 ȾɎȿɋ).

Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɨ-

1Directive 2008/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 concerning a Community procedure to improve the transparency of gas and electricity prices charged to industrial end-users (recast) (text with EEA importance).

2Regulation (EC) ʋ 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of

13July 2009 on conditions for access to the natural gas transmission networks and repealing Regulation (EC) ʋ 1775/2005.

3Regulation (EU) ʋ 994/2010 of 20 October 2011 concerning measures to safeguard security of gas supply and repealing Council Directive 2004/67/EC.

4Commission Decision 2003/796/EC of 11 November 2003 on establishing the European Regulators Group for Electricity and Gas. Repealed by Commission Decision 2011/280/EU of 16 May 2011 repealing Decision 2003/796/EC on establishing the European Regulators Group for Electricity and Gas.

5Regulation (EC) ʋ 713/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 establishing an Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (Text with EEA relevance).

6Commission Regulation (EU) ʋ 838/2010 of 23 September 2010 on laying down guidelines relating to the inter-transmission system operator compensation mechanism and a common regulatory approach to transmission charging. Commission Regulation (EU) ʋ 774/2010 of 2 September 2010 on laying down guidelines relating to intertransmission system operator compensation and a common regulatory approach to transmission charging.

7Regulation (EC) ʋ 714/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on conditions for access to the network for cross-border exchanges in electricity repealing Regulation (EC) 1228/2003.

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ɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ1. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɪɹɞ ɚɤɬɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ2.

Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɵ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɚɫɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ (ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ȿɋ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ. ɗɬɨ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɥɨɫɶ ɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ.

Ɍɚɤ, ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɪɹɞ ɚɤɬɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ3, ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ4 ɢ ɚɤɬɨɜ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ5.

ȼ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɥ ɪɹɞ ɚɤɬɨɜ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɡɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ6. ɋɬɨɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ȿɋ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɵɦ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɤɬ7.

1Directive 2009/72/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing Directive 2003/54/EC.

2Directive 2005/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 January 2006 concerning measures to safeguard security of electricity supply and infrastructure investment

3Directive 2003/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 May 2003 on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport.

4Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the promotion of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in the internal electricity market.

5Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC.

6ɋɦ., ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: Directive 2010/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the indication by labelling and standard product information of the consumption of energy and other resources by energy-related products (recast).

7Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɨɜ ɫɦ.: Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) ʋ 626/2011 of 4 May 2011 supplementing Directive 2010/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to energy labelling of air conditioners. ɋɦ.: ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ: Commission Regulation (EU)

ʋ 327/2011 of 30 March 2011 implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for fans driven by motors with an electric input power between 125 W and 500 kW.

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Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ, ɜ ɪɚɡɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ȿɋ, ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɜɡɹɬɵɟ. Ʉ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɹɞɟɪɧɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɋɨɜɟɬɚ ɢ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ1.

Ɋɹɞ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɋɨɜɟɬɚ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ — ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ȿɋ2.

Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɪɹɞ ɚɤɬɨɜ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɞɥɹ Ⱥɗɋ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɨ Ⱥɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɸ ȿɜɪɚɬɨɦɚ3. ɋɚɦɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɭɞ4. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ȿɋ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɣ ɞɟɧɶ5.

Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɨɬ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ (ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ) ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɹ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɟɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɧɚ Ɏɭɤɭɫɢɦɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɥɢ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ. Ɉ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ6 (ɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ), ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɧɨɪɦ ɤɨ-

1ɋɦ., ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: Council Regulation (Euratom) ʋ 2587/1999 of 2 December 1999 defining the investment projects to be communicated to the Commission in accordance with Article 41 of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community. Commission Regulation (Euratom) ʋ 1352/2003 of 23 July 2003 amending Regulation (EC) 1209/2000 determining procedures for effecting the communications prescribed under Article 41 of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community.

2ɋɦ., ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: Council Decision 75/328/Euratom of 20 May 1975 on the establishment of the Joint Undertaking 'Schnell-Brüter- Kernkraftwerksgesellschaft mbH' (SBK). Council Decision 79/1002/Euratom of 22 November 1979 approving an amendment to the statutes of the joint undertaking «Schnell-Brüter-Kernkraft- werksgesellschaft mbH»(SBK). Council Decision 87/297/Euratom of 18 May 1987 approving an amendment of the Statutes (articles of association) of the Joint Undertaking 'Société d'énergie nucléaire franco-belge des Ardennes' (SENA).

3Council Decision 2008/114/Euratom of 12 February 2008 establishing Statutes for the Euratom Supply Agency.

4ɋɦ., ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: Regulation of the Supply Agency of the European Atomic Energy Community amending the rules of the Supply Agency of 5 May 1960 determining the manner in which demand is to be balanced against the supply of ores, source materials and special fissile materials.

5ɋɦ., ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: Commission Regulation (Euratom) ʋ 66/2006 of 16 January 2006 exempting the transfer of small quantities of ores, source materials and special fissile materials from the rules of the chapter on supplies.

6Convention on nuclear safety — Declaration by the European Atomic Energy Community according to the provisions of Article 30(4)(iii) of the Nuclear Safety Convention.

23

ɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɋɨɜɟɬɚ1 ɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ2.

Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ȿɋ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ȿɜɪɨɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɤɚɫɚɥɨɫɶ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ3, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɪɹɞ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ4 ɛɵɥ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ.

Ɋɹɞ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜ5, ɩɨɞɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɚɦɢ «ɦɹɝɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ»6, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɬ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ7.

1Decision of the Council of 7 December 1998 on the approval concerning the accession to the 1994 Convention on Nuclear Safety by the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) (not published); Decision of the Council of 15 December 2003 modifying the Decision of the Council of 7 December 1998 on the approval concerning the accession to the 1994 Convention on Nuclear Safety by the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) with regard to the Declaration attached thereto (not published).

2Commission Decision 1999/819/Euratom of 16 November 1999 concerning the accession to the 1994 Convention on Nuclear Safety by the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom); Commission Decision 2004/491/Euratom of 29 April 2004 amending Commission Decision 1999/819/Euratom of 16 November 1999 concerning the accession to the 1994 Convention on Nuclear Safety by the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) with regard to the Declaration attached thereto.

3Communication 2006/C/155/02 from the Commission on Verification of environmental radioactivity monitoring facilities under the terms of Article 35 of the Euratom Treaty — Practical arrangements for the conduct of verification visits in Member States.

4Commission Recommendation 2000/473/Euratom of 8 June 2000 on the application of Article 36 of the Euratom Treaty concerning the monitoring of the levels of radioactivity in the environment for the purpose of assessing the exposure of the population as a whole (notified under document number C(2000) 1299); Commission Recommendation 2010/635/Euratom of

11October 2010 on the application of Article 37 of the Euratom Treaty

5Council Directive 96/29/Euratom of 13 May 1996 laying down basic safety standards for the health protection of the general public and workers against thedangers of ionizing radiation (and corrigendum to it), repealing and replacing Council Directive 80/836/Euratom of

15July 1980 and Council Directive 84/467/Euratom of 3 September 1984.

6Communication 98/C 133/03 from the Commission concerning the implementation of Council Directive 96/29/Euratom of 13 May 1996 laying down basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionising radiation (COM/98/0087 final); Commission Recommendation 91/444/Euratom of 26 July 1991 on the application of the third and fourth paragraphs of Article 33 of the Euratom Treaty.

7Council Directive 90/641/Euratom of 4 December 1990 on the operational protection of outside workers exposed to the risk of ionizing radiation during their activities in controlled areas.

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ɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɦɢ ȿɋ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ, ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɚɜɚɪɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɑɟɪɧɨɛɵɥɶɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɗɋ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɹɬ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɣ ɞɟɧɶ.

ɇɚɞɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɥɫɹ ɢ ɤ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ, ɨɩɟɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ2.

ɇɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɛɥɨɤ ɚɤɬɨɜ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɸ ɚɤɬɚɦɢ — ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɋɨɜɟɬɚ3 ɢ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ4, ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚɦɢ5 ɢ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ6, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɫɹɞɟɪɧɵɦɢɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɢ«ɦɹɝɤɢɦɩɪɚɜɨɦ» ȿɋ7.

1Commission Recommendation (EC) ʋ 2003/274/EC of 14 April 2003 on the protection and information of the public with regard to exposure resulting from the continued radioactive caesium contamination of certain wild food products as a consequence of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station, amended by corrigendum; Council Regulation (EEC) ʋ 2219/89 of 18 July 1989 on the special conditions for exporting foodstuffs and feeding stuffs following a nuclear accident or any other case of radiological emergency.

2Commission Regulation (Euratom) ʋ 770/90 of 29 March 1990 laying down maximum permitted levels of radioactive contamination of feeding stuffs following a nuclear accident or any other case of radiological emergency; Commission Regulation (Euratom) ʋ 944/89 of 12 April 1989 laying down maximum permitted levels of radioactive contamination in minor foodstuffs following a nuclear accident or any other case of radiological emergency; Council Regulation (Euratom) ʋ 2218/89 of 18 July 1989 amending ;Regulation (Euratom) ʋ 3954/87 laying down maximum permitted levels of radioactive contamination of foodstuffs and of feedingstuffs following a nuclear accident or any other case of radiological emergency

3Council Decision 2005/84/Euratom of 24 January 2005 approving the accession of the European Atomic Energy Community to the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management

4Commission decision 2008/312/Euratom of 5 March 2008 establishing the standard document for the supervision and control of shipments of radioactive waste and spent fuel referred to in Council Directive 2006/117/Euratom (notified under document number C(2008) 793); Commission Decision 2005/510/Euratom of 14 June 2005 concerning the accession of the European Atomic Energy Community to the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management (notified under document number C(2005) 1729).

5Council Directive 2006/117/Euratom of 20 November 2006 on the supervision and control of shipments of radioactive waste and spent fuel between Member States and into and out of the Community, repealing Council Directive 92/3/Euratom.

6Council Regulation (Euratom) ʋ 1493/93 of 8 June 1993 on shipments of radioactive substances between Member States.

7Commission Communication 2009/C 41/02 concerning Council Regulation (Euratom) ʋ 1493/93 on shipments of radioactive substances between Member States; Communication from the Commission (COM (96) 171 final) of 19 April 1996 on illicit trafficking in nuclear materials and radioactive substances.

26

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȿɋ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ȿɋ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɚɤɬɨɜ «ɦɹɝɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ» ȿɋ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ. ɋɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɢɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ȿɋ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɭɸ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ ɩɪɚɜɚ.

1.4. Основные цели и принципы энергетической политики Европейского Союза

ȼ Ɂɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɟ ɨɬ 8 ɦɚɪɬɚ 2006 ɝ. ȿɜɪɨɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ ɜɨɲɟɥ ɜ «ɧɨɜɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɷɪɭ», ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ: «…ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɫɬɢ»1. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɢ ɰɟɥɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ȿɋ ɢ ɜ ɋɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ȿɜɪɨɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɨɬ 10 ɹɧɜɚɪɹ 2007 ɝ., ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ: ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɸ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ2.

ɋɨɜɟɬ ȿɋ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɥ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɬɪɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ. «ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɞɭɯɟ ɫɨɥɢɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ-ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɢ ɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɢɬɟɬɚ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ:

ξɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ;

ξɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ;

ξɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɡɚɳɢɬɵɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵɢɛɨɪɶɛɚɫɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ»3.

Принцип обеспечения бесперебойных поставок энергоносителей в Европейский Союз (гарантия поставки нефтепродуктов, природного газа, электроэнергии)

ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦ ɨɬ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ. ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 50% ɜɫɟɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɚ,

1Une stratégie européenne pour une énergie sûre, compétitive et durable // COM (2006)105 final. P. 3 et 21.

2Une politique de l'énergie pour l'Europe // Ibid. ʋ 7. P. 3—5.

3Conseil européen de Bruxelles des 8 et 9 mars 2007 – Concl. de la Présidence 2 mai 2007, 7224/1/07 REV 1, § 28; Bourrinet J. Quelle politique énergétique pour l'Union européenne ? // RAE. 2006. P. 723.

27

ɚ ɤ 2030 ɝ. ɞɨɥɹ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 65%1. Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ (International Energy Agency) ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɪɚɡ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨ,

ɱɬɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ — ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɭ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ2.

ȼɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦɭ ɋɨɸɡɭ ɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɢɧɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɩɭɬɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɬɪɚɧ — ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɧɚ-

ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ.

ȼɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ

ɜȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1,5% ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ, ɬɨ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. ɋɬɨɢɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɦ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɛɨɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɚɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ 4 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2006 ɝ., ɤɨɝɞɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ 10 ɦɥɧ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɟɜ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɛɟɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɱɬɨ ɟɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɧɚɩɨɦɧɢɥɨ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦ ɢɧɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɦ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɨɬ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ (ɧɨ ɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ) ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɴɸɧɤɬɭɪɚ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɚɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ȿɋ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ, ɤɚɤ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ.

ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ȿɋ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɋɬɨɢɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ-

ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ȿɋ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ3, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ȿɋ4. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣ-

1Sire D. Sécurité d'approvisionnement et marché intérieur // Revue de l'énergie 2006. ʋ 572. P. 250.

2Ibid.

3ɋɦ., ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: ɩ. d) ɫɬ. 2 Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɨɛ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ȿɋȺɗ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩ. 1 ɫɬ. 194

Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ȿɋ.

4 ɋɦ., ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: Regulation (EU) ʋ 994/2010 of 20 October 2011 concerning measures to safeguard security of gas supply and repealing Council Directive 2004/67/EC.

28

ɫɤɨɦ ɋɨɸɡɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢɧɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ1.

Принцип диверсификации

ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦ ɨɬ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɨɧ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɟ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ. ȼ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦ ɰɟɧɚɦ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ȿɋ ɋɨɸɡɭ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɨɣ, ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ.

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɞɟɪɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ (ɛɨɥɟɟ 20 ɦɥɪɞ ɟɜɪɨ ɜ ɝɨɞ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ, ɡɚɧɹɬɨɣ ɜ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ (ɛɨɥɟɟ 300 ɬɵɫ. ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ)2. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɬ ȿɋ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ3.

Ⱦɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ȿɋ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɟɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɭɠɟ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ (ɋɪɟɞɢɡɟɦɧɨɦɨɪɫɤɨɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ, ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɰɟɥɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ, ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩ. 1 ɫɬ. 194 ȾɎȿɋ, — «ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ; ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɫɟɬɟɣ, ɩɭɬɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ» — ɜɨɩɥɨɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɭɫɬɨɹɥɨɫɶ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ

1Ɋɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨɛ Ⱥɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɟ ɩɨ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɸ ȿɜɪɚɬɨɦɚ.

2ɋɦ. ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ: Rapport du

25février 2010 de la Commission au Conseil et au Parlement européen sur les exigences de durabilité concernant l'utilisation de sources de biomasse solide et gazeuse pour l'électricité, le chauffage et le refroidissement // COM(2010) 11 final — Non publié au Journal officiel.

3ɋɦ., ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: Règlement (CE) no 67/2010 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du

30novembre 2009 déterminant les règles générales pour l’octroi d’un concours financier communautaire dans le domaine des réseaux transeuropéens.

29

ɋɨɸɡɚ, ɱɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ1.

Принцип защиты окружающей среды

ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɦɟɪ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɛɨɪɶɛɭ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ, Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɚ «ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɩɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 2 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɚ ɐɟɥɶɫɢɹ» ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɞɨɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ2 ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ ɨɛɹɡɚɥɫɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɤ 2020 ɝ. ɜɵɛɪɨɫɵ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɧɚ 30% ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɚ 1990 ɝ. ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɵ ɩɪɢɦɭɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɹɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɵ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɟ (ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ) ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ. ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ ɨɛɹɡɚɥɫɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɵ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɧɚ 20%, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɤɜɨɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ȿɋ3.

ɋɬɨɢɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɟ ȿɋ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɦɟɪ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɛɨɪɶɛɭ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ, ɧɨ ɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɞɟɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ4.

Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ȿɋ ɫ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɭɠɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ȿɋ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɶ ɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɡɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ5, ɚɤɬɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ6, ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ-

1ɋɦ. ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ: Vial C. La politique de l'énergie après le traité de Lisbonne // Annuaire de Droit européen, 2006. Vol. 4. P. 215.

2Communication de la Commission, 10 janv. 2007, Limiter le réchauffement de la planète à 2 degrés Celsius – Route à poursuivre à l'horizon 2020 et au-delà // COM (2007)2 final.

3Conseil européen de Bruxelles des 8 et 9 mars 2007.

4ɋɦ., ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: Ⱦɭɛɨɜɢɤ Ɉ.Ʌ. Ɍɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɟ // Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. 2010. ʋ 2. ɋ. 90—98.

5ɋɦ., ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: Directive 2010/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the indication by labelling and standard product information of the consumption of energy and other resources by energy-related products (recast).

6Directive 2003/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 May 2003 on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport.

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