Энергетическое право и энергетическая политика Европейского Союза. Монография

ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɛɨɪɶɛɚ ɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.

ȼ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɋɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ȿɜɪɨɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ȿɋ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɭɬɨɱɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ:

ξɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ;

ξɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɢɯ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ;

ξɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ;

ξɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ «ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɥɚɬɢɬ»;

ξɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ

ɫɮɟɪɭ.

Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɤɚɤ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨ-

ɪɵɯ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɟɳɟ ɧɚ 7-ɦ ɫɚɦɦɢɬɟ ȿɋ—Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɜɲɟɦɫɹ

17 ɦɚɹ 2001 ɝ.

ɋɬɨɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ Ɋɚɦɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɋɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ȿɜɪɨɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ, ɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ, ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɷɬɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɚɯ ɤɚɤ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ (ɛɢɥɚɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɝɞɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɛɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ȿɋ) ɩɪɚɜɚ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ.

Ɉɛɨɛɳɚɸɳɢɣ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɬɨɝɚɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɡɚ 2000—2010 ɝɝ.1, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɪɚ-

ɳɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɹ ɤɚɤ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ. Ɉɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɭɝɥɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ, ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ «ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɟ

ɧɨɜɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɹ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ» (Cost Effective Clean Coal Improvements to Russian Utility Plant), ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ

1 Joint Report EU-Russia Energy Dialogue 2000-2010: Opportunities for our future Energy Partnership// ec.europa.eu/energy/.../russia/.../reports/2010

131

ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɝɥɹ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ

«ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ» (Promotion of Renovation Activities in the Russian Energy Sector) ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɫɨ-

ɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɍɗɐ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɭɝɥɟ, ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ.

ȼ2003 ɢ 2004 ɝɝ. ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɹɦɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ȿɋ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭɝɥɹ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.

ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɹɞ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦ ɋɨɸɡɨɦ. ɉɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɷɬɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɢɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɧɚ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɧɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ (ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɛɢɥɚɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ (ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ) ɨɫɧɨɜɟ. ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɚɦɦɢɬɨɜ ȿɋ—Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ.

ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɞɥɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ. ȼ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɚɦɦɢɬɨɜ ȿɋ—Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ (ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, 2008 ɢ 2009 ɝɝ.) ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ, ɤɚɤ:

ξ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ; ξ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɭ;

ξ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɟɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɮɨɪɦ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ;

ξ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ; ξ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɬ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɧɨɩɨɥɢɣ; ξ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɨɩɨɥɢɣ;

ξ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ; ξ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɢ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ1.

ȼɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɟɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɚɤɟɬɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ ȿɜɪɨɫɨɸɡɚ. Ɋɹɞ

1 ɋɦ. ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ: http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/russia/eu_russia/fields_cooperation/ energy/index_ru.htm

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ɚɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɚ ȿɋ, ɜɨɲɟɞɲɢɯ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɤɟɬ, ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɥ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɵɧɤɚ ȿɋ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ:

ξɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ;

ξɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ;

ξɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ — ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ;

ξɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ;

ξɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ;

ξɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɥɢɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ — ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ȿɋ ɜ

ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ.

Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɨɜɵɟ «ɛɟɡɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɧɵɟ» ɩɭɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɭ,

ɤɚɤ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɟɞɢɧɨɦɭ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɭ — ɈȺɈ «Ƚɚɡɩɪɨɦ».

ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɚɤɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ȿɋ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɤɟɬ, ɧɟ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɤɚɫɚɸɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɹɞ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ1, Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɪɹɞ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɬɟɤɫɬ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ȿɋ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɉɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɟɦɨɪɚɧɞɭɦɟ2 ɤ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦ, ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɜɨɲɟɞɲɟɦ ɜ Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɤɟɬ, ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ «ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ (ɢ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ) ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɧɨ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ȿɜɪɨɫɨɸɡɚ. ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ȿɜɪɨɫɨɸɡɚ, ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ

1ɋɦ.: ɉɚɲɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɂ.Ƚ. ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ȿɜɪɨɫɨɸɡɨɦ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɟ. ɋ. 833; ȼɨɥɨɞɢɧ Ɉ.ɇ. ɍɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ.

ɋ. 158.

2Proposal: for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2003/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26.06.2003 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity; for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2003/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26.06.2003 concerning common rules for the internal market in natural gas; for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing an Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators; for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EC) ʋ 1228/2003 and for a Regula-

tion of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EC) ʋ 1775/2005, COM(2007) DRAFT of 19.09.2007 // http://ec.europa.eu/energy/electricity/ package_2007/doc/2007_09_19_explanatory_memorandum_en.pdf.

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ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟ — ɱɥɟɧɟ ȿɋ. ɗɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɤɚɤ ɤ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹɦ ȿɜɪɨɫɨɸɡɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹɦ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ».

Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ ɟɳɟ ɪɚɡ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɰɢɨɧɢɡɦ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɵɦ ɢ ɧɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ, ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɭɤɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (ɞɨɛɵɱɢ) ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɢɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ȼɪɸɫɫɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɣ.

ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɞɜɚ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹ.

Ɉɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɯɨɞɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɚɡɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɭɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɤɚɤ ɈȺɈ «Ƚɚɡɩɪɨɦ», ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɫɤɭɩɤɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ1. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɚɦ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɥɨɝɨɦ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɚɪɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ «ɦɹɝɤɨɝɨ» ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɤ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹɦ, ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɠɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɚɪ ɩɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɟ Ƚɸɧɬɟɪ ɗɬɬɢɧɝɟɪ (Guenther Oettinger)2.

Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦ ɢ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɟɟ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɵɦ ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɪɨɫɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɵɧɤɨɜ ɫɛɵɬɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ. ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɵɧɤɚ, ɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵ, ɤɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ3.

Ⱦɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɪɵɧɤɨɜ ɫɛɵɬɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɘɠɧɭɸ ɢ ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɭɸ ȿɜɪɨɩɭ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɧɟɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɨ ɨɬɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ

1Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, Ƚɚɡɩɪɨɦ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ «ɋɢɧɬɟɡ» ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɤɭɩɤɟ ɝɪɟɱɟ-

ɫɤɨɣ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ DEPA. ɋɦ.: http://slon.ru/economics/rossiya_vstupaet_v_ borbu_za_samye_lakomye_kuski_gretsii-778978.xhtml.

2http://ieport.ru/36006-es-i-rossiya-konflikt-vokrug-tretego.html

3ɋɦ. ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ: Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞ Ɏɨɧɞɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ: Ɇɚɪɲɪɭɬɵ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɢɡ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ: ɬɪɭɛɵ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɡɵ. Ɇ., 2009.

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ɪɵɧɤɚ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɚɞɪɟɫɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɡɚɩɚɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤ, ɟɟ ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ ȿɋ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɚ, ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ «ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ…»1 ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ.

ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɤ ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɚɪɬɢɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɢɬɟɬɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ-ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦɚ ɢɞɟɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ — ɢɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɚɦɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɧɟ ɢɦɩɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦ-ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɟɪɚɦ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ.

Ⱦɗɏ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɤɪɢɡɢɫ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢɡ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ȿɋ ɜ ɹɧɜɚɪɟ 2009 ɝ., ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɨɫɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɦ ɞɥɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɥɨ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɛɚɡɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ2.

Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɪɹɞ ɥɢ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɜɟɪɝɚɬɶ ɨɩɵɬ, ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚ 20 ɥɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ — ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ, ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɚ, ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ɗɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɨ ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɊɎ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɛɚɡɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ «ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɚɪɬɢɢ…»3.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨɞɯɨɞ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɤ Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɤ ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɚɪɬɢɢ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɟɧ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɥ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɹɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɩɪɨ-

1ɉɚɲɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɂ.Ƚ. ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ȿɜɪɨɫɨɸɡɨɦ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɟ. ɋ. 840.

2ɋɦ.: http://archive.kremlin.ru/text/docs/2009/04/215303.shtml.

3Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ.

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ɟɤɬɚ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ1.

ɋɬɨɢɬ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɹɞ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ — ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɨ 2030 ɝ., Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ, Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɩ., — ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ, ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɭɜɚɠɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɢɬɟɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ-ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ, ɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ, ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɵɧɤɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ. ȼ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɬɤɚɡ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɤ ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɚɪɬɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɭɱɬɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦ ɋɨɸɡɨɦ Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ.

1 ɋɦ. ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ: http://www.energydialogue.ru/?lng=ru&module=news&action=view &id=614.

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3.Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ȿɋ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɨɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɟɫɥɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɬɨ ɜ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɟ ɟɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ.

4.ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ȿɋ, ɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ (ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜ ɢ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ), ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ, ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ — ɢɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɪɹɞ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ — ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɦ, ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɚɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ȿɋ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɦ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ.

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