Практический курс первого иностранного языка. 2 курс. Учебное пособие

Module 3. Health

Emergency Care Services

Provide special care for accidents or sudden illness. Facilities providingbothprivateandgovernmental;rescuesquads,emergency care clinics, emergency rooms and helicopter or airplane emergency services that transport patients rapidly to medical facilities for special care.

Geriatric Care

Care for the elderly.

Health departments

Provide health services as directed by the national organizations, National Institutions of Health and Centers for Disease Control and also provide specific services needed by the state or local community.Examplesofservicesincludeimmunizationfordisease control; inspections for environmental health and sanitation; collection of statistics and records related to health, health education, and clinics.

Health Insurance Plan

Helps pay for the cost of health care.

Deductibles

The amounts that must be paid by the patient.

Co-Insurance

Another name for deductibles in an 80 % -20 % so-insurance, the company pays 80 % of the expenses and the patient pays the remaining 20 %.

Health Maintenance Organization (HMOs)

Ahealth insurance plan that is directed toward preventive health care. An individual under this plan has a ready access to health examinations and early treatment and detection of disease, so the individual maintains a better state of health.

Home health care

Any type of health care provided in a patient’s home environment.

Hospice

A program designed to provide care for the terminally ill while allowing them to die in dignity.

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Практический курс первого иностранного языка. 2 курс

Hospital

Institution that provides medical or surgical care and treatment for the sick and injured.

Industrial health care centers

Are frequently located in large companies or industries. These provide healthcare for employees of the industry or business, perform basic examinations, teach accident prevention and safety, and provide emergency care.

Laboratory

A room or building where scientific test, research, experiments, or learning takes place.

Long term care facility

Mainly provide assistance and care for elderly patients, usually called residence. They also provide care for disabled and handicapped individuals.

Geriatric homes

Designed to provide basic physical care to individuals who can no longer care for themselves.

Extended care facility

Designed to provide skilled nursing care and rehabilitative care to prepare a patient for return to a home environment or other longterm facility.

Medicaid

Government program that provides medical care for people whose income is below a certain level.

Medical offices

Vary from an office privately owned by one doctor to large complexes that operate as cooperations and employ doctors and other healthcare professionals.

Mental health

Deal with mental disorders and diseases. Examples include guidance and counseling centers, psychiatric clinics and hospitals, chemical abuse and treatment centers and physical abuse treatment centers.

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Module 3. Health

Medicare

Government program that provides medical care for elderly or disabled individuals.

National Institute of health

A division of the US department of health and human services and is involved with research on disease.

Nonprofit agency

Frequently called voluntary agencies and are supported by contributions. Examples — American Cancer Society, American Red Cross,American HeartAssociation.

Omnibus budget reconciliation act (OBRA)

Require states to establish training and competency evaluation programs for nursing/geriatric assistants. Any assistants working in long-term care facilities are required to complete a state approved training program and written or performance exam.

Organizational structure

Showsthelineofauthorityorchainofcommandwithinthefacility. This structure will also indicate areas of responsibility.

Preferred provider organizations (PPO’s)

A health insurance plan usually provided by a large industry or company to its employees. The company contracts with certain health care agencies for reduced rates.

Rehabilitation

To restore the useful life through therapy and education.

School health services

Provide emergency care for accidents and sudden illness: perform test to check for health conditions such as speech, visions, and hearing problems, promote health education; and maintain a safe and sanitary school environment.

US department of health and human services

Anational agency that deals with health problems in the nation.

Voluntary agency

Nonprofit, supported by contributions

Wellness

Astate of being in good health

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Практический курс первого иностранного языка. 2 курс

World Health Organization

Is an international agency sponsored by the United Nations. It complies statistics and information on disease, publishes health information, and investigates and deals with serious health problems throughout the world.

Workers Compensation

Payment and care provided to an individual who is insured on the job.

5. Translate the text on Russian healthcare system into English.

Система здравоохранения в России представляет собой сложную и многогранную структуру, отражающую экономические, социальные и культурные особенности страны. Она включает в себя различные уровни медицинского обслуживания, учреждения и специалистов, а также множество программ и инициатив, направленных на улучшение здоровья населения.

Одной из ключевых особенностей российской системы здравоохранения является ее многослойность. На федеральном уровне находятся крупные медицинские учреждения, на- учно-исследовательские институты и специализированные клиники, которые обеспечивают высококвалифицированную медицинскую помощь. Региональные и муниципальные учреждения предоставляют более базовые медицинские услуги, охватывающие первичное звено медико-санитарного обслуживания. Важную роль играют многофункциональные поликлиники, где пациенты могут получить услуги врачей общей практики, узких специалистов и пройти необходимые обследования.

Система здравоохранения в России финансируется за счет налоговых поступлений, а также дополнительных бюджетных вливаний. В последние годы наблюдается стремление к улучшению финансирования и модернизации медицинских учреждений, однако проблемы остаются. Одной из значительных проблем является неравномерное распределение ресурсов: в

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Module 3. Health

крупных городах, таких как Москва и Санкт-Петербург, медицинские услуги предоставляются на более высоком уровне, чем в удаленных районах страны.

Распространенной темой обсуждений является доступность медицинских услуг. Несмотря на гарантированное право на бесплатное медицинское обслуживание, пациенты сталкиваются с дефицитом специалистов, очередями на прием и недостатком лекарственных препаратов. Это приводит к тому, что многие россияне вынуждены обращаться в частные клиники, что создает дополнительные финансовые нагрузки.

Система здравоохранения в России активно внедряет электронные технологии и телемедицину. Эти нововведения направлены на улучшение качества обслуживания и упрощение доступа к медицинской помощи, особенно в условиях пандемии COVID-19, когда возникла необходимость дистанционного взаимодействия между пациентами и врачами.

Важно отметить, что россияне все чаще проявляют интерес к профилактике заболеваний и здоровому образу жизни. Государственные инициативы, такие как программы вакцинации и спортивные мероприятия, способствуют повышению осведомленности населения о важности заботы о своем здоровье.

Таким образом, несмотря на существующие проблемы и вызовы,системаздравоохранениявРоссиипродолжаетразвиваться, стремясь обеспечить доступность и качество медицинских услуг для всех граждан. Улучшение здравоохранения — это задача не только государства, но и всей общества, и только совместными усилиями можно добиться значительных изменений в этой важной сфере.

Unit 2. DISEASES ANDTREATMENT

Goals:

▪use disease and treatment vocabulary

▪understand and use collocations in focus

▪understand the use of verbals

▪practice vocabulary and grammar in creative writing task

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Практический курс первого иностранного языка. 2 курс

Vocabulary and grammar

1. Study disease and treatment vocabulary (Appendix 1) and match these words to their definitions.

Definitions:

a.thesectionofthearmlocatedbetweentheelbowandthewrist, containing two long bones that facilitate rotation and movement.

b.the hollow area beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder, often associated with sweat glands and hair growth.

c.a tough band of connective tissue that links bones together at joints, providing stability and support.

d.the point where two or more bones meet, allowing for varying degrees of movement depending on its structure.

e.the bony front portion of the roof of the mouth, separating the oral cavity from the nasal passages.

f.thehingejointbetweentheupperarmandforearmthatenables bending and straightening movements.

g.the part of the body that connects the head to the torso, supporting the skull and enabling head movement.

h.the small, fleshy extension at the back of the soft palate that plays a role in speech and preventing food from entering the nasal cavity.

i.the paired appendages of the human body that include the arms and hands, used for manipulation and interaction with the environment.

j.the joint connecting the arm to the torso, allowing a wide range of motion in various directions.

k.the flexible back portion of the roof of the mouth, which aids in swallowing and speech production.

l.the prominent projection of cartilage in the front of the throat, more noticeable in males due to hormonal changes during puberty.

m.a fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones, transmitting the force generated by muscle contractions.

n.the upper limb extending from the shoulder to the elbow, primarily responsible for lifting and carrying objects.

o.a type of soft tissue capable of contracting to produce movement or maintain posture within the body.

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Module 3. Health

Words:

1.ligament

2.forearm

3.joint

4.arm

5.tendon

6.shoulder

7.muscle

8.elbow

9.neck

10.upper limbs

11.armpit

12.adam’s apple

13.uvula

14.soft palate

15.hard palate

2. Write the word from the list into the correct place in the text below.

surgery sore poisoning appointment upset diarrhoea examined prescription prescribed symptoms recover medicine temperature weak

First I had a __________ throat. It hurt when I spoke. I also kept going to the toilet with __________. I thought it was food

__________ so I made an __________ to see the doctor. I went to the doctor’s __________ the next day. The doctor __________ me, took my __________ and asked me about the __________. He then wrote me a __________ and told me to go home and rest. I rested and took the __________ that he had __________. I’m now starting to __________, although I still feel a bit __________ and my stomach is still a little __________.

3. Completethesentenceswiththemostsuitablewordsabout Health and Sickness.

1. After several tests, the patient ___ a rare condition that needed immediate attention.

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Практический курс первого иностранного языка. 2 курс

a.contracted

b.came down with

c.was diagnosed with

d.prescribed

2.Doctors often __________ medications to help patients manage their symptoms.

a. come down with b. die of

c. prescribe d. develop

3.Sadly, many people __________ serious illnesses due to lack of early detection.

a. die from

b. come down with c. contract

d. are diagnosed with

4.Some patients prefer using __________ instead of or alongside standard treatments.

a. conventional medicine b. alternative medicine c. mental health

d. healthcare

5.Unlike __________ which relies on pharmaceuticals, alternative treatments may include herbal remedies.

a. healthcare b. mental health

c. conventional medicine d. alternative medicine

4. Look at the words below and put them into the appropriate column.

tired,fever,dizzy,headache,immunity,painfully,allergic,transmit, insomnia, infectious, hurt, bacteria, dehydration, cure, cough, prevent, treatment, over, unhealthy, weight, stressed, symptoms, protect, pain, injured, toothache

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Module 3. Health

There can be more than one option.

5. In each sentence, identify

1) the verbal or verbal phrase;

2) its form (gerund, participle, infinitive);

3) its part of speech (noun, adverb, or adjective).

• Listening is a valuable skill.

• Your best bet in this situation is taking your mother’s advice.

• This is the first of Enoch’s many awards earned with great dedication and sacrifice.

• Tabitha has many stories to tell.

• The young people of the savannah village walked to the makeshift schoolhouse each day to pursue their education.

6. Circle predicates and underline verbals. Then, circle if the verbal is a participle, gerund, or infinitive. Write how it functions in the sentence (i. e., part of the verb, adjective, noun, or adverb).

Cycling is an exercise that improves leg strength. participle / gerund / infinitive

How does it function?

Blooming flowers bring great joy. participle / gerund / infinitive How does the verbal function?

The team voted to elect a new captain. participle / gerund / infinitive

How does the verbal function?

I loved to visit my grandmother’s house when I was small. participle / gerund / infinitive

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Практический курс первого иностранного языка. 2 курс

How does the verbal function?

Studying is the best way to improve your test score. participle / gerund / infinitive

How does the verbal function?

Garbage has cluttered the streets for too long. participle / gerund / infinitive

How does the verbal function?

The best videos are of giggling babies. participle / gerund / infinitive

How does the verbal function?

Writing

7. Make sentences from these words: stress / impact / health

vaccines / instrumental / preventing doctor / prescribed / antibiotics exercise / crucial / maintaining symptoms / common / flu important / prioritize / mental surgeon / performed / successful nutrition / essential / immune experienced / side / medication detection / effectively / illnesses

Example:Howdoesstressimpactouroverallhealthandwell-be- ing?

8. Translate the following texts into English.

Text 1

Всю жизнь я мечтал посвятить себя медицине и помогать людям, борясь с различными недугами. Меня особенно волнует проблемараспространенияонкологическихзаболеваний.Рак— это коварный недуг, который может поразить любой орган человеческого тела: печень, желудок, легкие, кожу, кровь. Ученые до сих пор не полностью разгадали природу этой страшной болезни и не нашли универсального средства для ее лечения. Я хочу посвятить свою жизнь исследованиям в области онколо-

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