Практический курс первого иностранного языка. 2 курс. Учебное пособие

4.Rephraseeachsentenceusingoneofthephrasesonthelist: references, seasonal, manager, contractor, resume, probationary period, out of office, salary expectations, deadline, intern, retired, coverletter,teamwork,telecommuting/remoteworking,onboarding, interview, unemployed, background check, feedback, freelance, job offer.

1.He submitted his CV to the hiring manager.

2.She wrote a letter detailing her interest in the job.

3.They asked for the names of previous employers to contact.

4.She had a meeting to discuss her qualifications for the role.

5.The company reviewed his past employment and criminal re-

cord.

31

Практический курс первого иностранного языка. 2 курс

6.He was hired for a trial period before becoming a permanent employee.

7.She received an official invitation to join the company.

8.They discussed how much she expected to be paid.

9.The company allows employees to work from home.

10.The project must be completed by the end of the week.

11.The team worked together to complete the project.

12.Shewaspromotedtoapositionwheresheoverseesotheremployees.

13.He provided his opinion on how she could improve her performance.

14.She will be out of the office for the next two weeks.

15.The process of integrating new employees into the company has begun.

16.She works independently and is hired for specific projects.

17.He is currently without a job and looking for employment.

18.Theyhiredanexternalcompanytocompletetheconstruction

work.

19.He is gaining work experience as a temporary employee.

20.She stopped working after many years in her career.

21.They hire additional staff only during the holiday season.

Writing

Four Opinions, One Discussion

5. Write a post responding to the question: ‘Should there be equal job opportunities for all?’. In your response, you should express and support your personal opinion and make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.

An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

— Sarah: “I believe that everyone should have equal job opportunities because I personally experienced discrimination in the workplace. When I applied for a managerial position, I was told that it was given to someone less qualified than me simply because of their gender. It’s not fair and everyone deserves a chance based on their skills and abilities.”

32

Module 2. The world of work

—Mike: “I completely support the idea of equal job opportunitiesforall.Mybestfriend,whoisaminority,struggledtofindajob despite having the same qualifications as others. It opened my eyes to the systemic barriers that exist in the hiring process, and I think it’s important to level the playing field for everyone.”

—Emily: “I’m not sure where I stand on this topic. While I understand the importance of equal job opportunities, I also see how some individuals may have unique advantages that make it harder to achieve true equality. It’s a complex issue and I’m hesitant to take a definitive stance either way.”

—Jason: “This topic hits close to home for me as I grew up in a low-income neighborhood where job opportunities were scarce. Seeing my parents struggle to make ends meet because of limited options really angers me.We need to fight for equal job opportunities so that no one has to experience the same hardships.”

Answer Template 1

This is a challenging topic, but I think that [respond directly to the question].

I strongly agree with [student]’s idea that [mention one point made by the student].

I’d add that [expand on the point with your own idea].

While [other student] raised the relevant point that [mention one point made by the other student], he / she didn’t mention that [challenge that point].

Forexample [elaborate on your challenge with your own ideas].

Answer Template 2

While I appreciate the points mentioned by both [name] and [name], I think that… [elaborate on your idea for a few sentences].

Remember that [elaborate on your point], so [elaborate on your point].

Some people may feel that [mention a potential challenge], but [respond to this challenge].

33

M o d u l e 3

HEALTH

Infectious Diseases: global pandemics, vaccinations, prevention strategies. Chronic conditions: diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular, etc. Mental health. Geriatric Health: age-related diseases and smart aging. Injuries. Alternative medicine: herbal remedies, traditional treatments, acupuncture and holistic health approaches. Healthcare Systems. Health promotion and disease prevention programs. World Health Organization (WHO).

Unit 5. HEALTHCARE. ILLNESS:

FEELING UNDERTHE WEATHER

Goals:

▪talk about not feeling well

▪use idiomatic expressions about health conditions

▪talk about symptoms of feeling unwell

▪read about different healthcare systems

▪translate the text about healthcare

Reading and speaking

•How does the phrase ‘feeling under the weather’ differ from other expressions for being sick?

•Can you think of any idiomatic phrases in English that describe feeling unwell?

•In what situations would someone use the expression ‘under the weather’?

•Is there a difference between saying ‘I’m not feeling well’and ‘I’m feeling under the weather’?

•Haveyoueverexperiencedatimewhenyouwerefeelingunder the weather but still had to go to work or school?

34

Module 3. Health

•What are some common symptoms associated with feeling under the weather?

•Do you have any home remedies for when you’re feeling under the weather?

•Are there any cultural differences in how people handle feeling under the weather?

1. Read the text and note down all feeling unwell idioms.

Feeling a bit under the weather? Let Tim Bowen cheer you up with another greatYour English article and you’ll be feeling as fit as a fiddle in no time!

How are you feeling today? Perhaps you’re feeling a bit under the weather (not feeling well) or maybe you’re not quite yourself today or out of sorts (not in your normal mental or physical state). You might be looking a bit green around the gills (look ill), coming downwithsomethingor sickeningfor something(abouttoget aless serious illness like a cold or flu), especially if there’s something going round (an illness like flu or a stomach upset that a lot of people are catching and giving to each other). In any event, you’re going to have to call in sick (phone someone at your workplace to tell them you are too ill to come to work) and take a sickie/sick day (stay at home away from work because you are ill). If you are ill, you may look as pale as a ghost/as pale as death or as white as a sheet. If you have an injury, you may be feeling (and look) black and blue and if you are really unwell, you may black or pass out (become unconsciousforashortperiod).Foranotherkindofillness,youmaybreak out in something (spots or a rash, for instance) and this means the offending items cover the whole of your body. Hopefully, you won’t take a turn for the worse (get worse) have to go into hospital and go under the knife (have an operation).

If you are genuinely ill (or have a hangover), you might feel a bit rough (not very well), or, in more serious cases, you might feel like death warmed up (feel absolutely awful). You may have a splitting headache(averybadheadache).Ifahangoverwasthecauseofyour troubles, the hair of the dog (an alcoholic drink taken in the morning) could be one solution. It might make matters worse, butit could be just what the doctor ordered (exactly what you need or want).

35

Практический курс первого иностранного языка. 2 курс

Whatever has happened, you will simply have to take your medicine (accept the situation without complaining). Within a short period you will probably be on the road to recovery (starting to feel better) and in no time at all you might be given a clean bill of health (told you are now healthy by your doctor) back on your feet (feeling better and active again) alive and kicking (alive) feeling as right as rain (healthy again after an illness) and feel as fit as a fiddle or as fit as a flea (in very good shape). Hopefully, the illness won’t flare up again (return) and you’ll remain looking the picture of health (looking healthy).

2. Study the list of idioms that you have noted down and say:

1.What does the phrase “under the weather” mean? a) Feeling sad

b) Feeling unwell or sick c) Feeling excited

2.Which of the following is an example of someone feeling under the weather?

a) Jane is happy and energetic.

b) Mark has a headache and a runny nose. c) Sarah is enjoying a sunny day at the beach.

3.True or False: Feeling under the weather means feeling sad or disappointed.

4.Completethesentence:“Ican’tgotoschooltodaybecauseI’m feeling ____________.”

a) Happy

b) Under the weather c) Energetic

5.Choose the synonym of “under the weather”.

a)Tired

b)Excited

c)Hungry

6.Canyouusethephrase“undertheweather”todescribefeeling unwell?

a)Yes

b)No

36

Module 3. Health

7. What is the opposite of feeling under the weather?

a)Feeling great

b)Feeling tired

c)Feeling angry

3. Read the text about healthcare systems in Britain and the USA and choose the correct answer (A, B, C, D) for questions after the text.

The healthcare systems in Britain and the USAare fundamentally different in both structure and scope. In the USA, the US Department of Health and Human Services oversees an extensive array of healthcare programs with the assistance of various agencies like the Centers for Disease Control. The focus on cost containment is criticalgiventhehighexpenseassociatedwithmedicaltreatments,especially when compared to Britain’s National Health Service (NHS).

Private health insurance in the USAoften involves multiple out- of-pocket expenses such as deductibles and co-insurance, which can be a financial burden on the patients. Various options are available including the Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs), which provide comprehensive services but often require enrollees to use a specific network of doctors and hospitals. For the elderly and disabled, public programs such as Medicare and Medicaid offer some relief, though coverage and eligibility can vary widely.

In contrast, Britain’s healthcare is predominantly funded through taxation and is available to all citizens. The NHS provides services rangingfromemergencycareservicestogeriatriccarewithoutdirect charges at the point of delivery. This system includes robust home health care and hospice services aimed at improving the quality of life for patients with chronic or terminal illnesses. Geriatric homes and extended care facilities are also more accessible, supported by governmental resources.

Both countries have specialized institutions dedicated to health research and development. In the USA, the National Institute of Health supports medical research across various fields, while in Britain, equivalent roles are often filled by research councils and universities. However, access to innovative treatments and specialists can be limited by insurance plans or NHS constraints.

37

Практический курс первого иностранного языка. 2 курс

LegislationliketheOmnibusBudgetReconciliationAct(OBRA) has sought to address healthcare delivery, emphasizing the impor- tanceofqualityandaccountability,particularlyinlong-termcarefa- cilities. Similarly, health departments at state and local levels in the USAand the UK’s Public Health England play crucial roles in monitoring public health concerns and promoting wellness initiatives.

Educational settings also play a part; school health services in both countries aim to address the healthcare needs of students, from routine screenings to emergency interventions. However, the scope and quality of these services can vary based on funding and local policies.

Occupational health is another critical area; programs likeWorkers Compensation in the USAprovide financial support and medical care for employees injured on the job. Despite these efforts, the cost and quality of healthcare services remain contentious issues in both countries, compelling ongoing debates about reforms and improvements.

By comparing these systems, it’s evident that each has strengths and weaknesses. While Britain’s NHS excels in universal access, it sometimes struggles with resources and wait times. Conversely, the privatizedsystemintheUSAboastsadvancedtechnologiesandspecialized care but often at significant personal cost to the patient. Understanding these differences can foster better public policies aimed at improving healthcare outcomes globally.

1.Whatistheprimaryrationalebehindthefocusoncostcontainment in the US healthcare system?

A. The high costs associated with medical treatments. B. The limited government funding for healthcare programs.

C. TheneedtoexpandpublichealthcareprogramslikeMedicare and Medicaid.

D. The desireto provide comprehensive coverage forall citizens.

2.How do Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) in the USAdiffer from traditional private insurance plans?

A.HMOsoffermorecomprehensiveservicesbutrestrictprovider options.

B. HMOs have higher out-of-pocket expenses for enrollees.

38

Module 3. Health

C.HMOs provide less coverage for specialized medical care.

D.HMOs are not subject to the same regulations as traditional insurance.

3.What is the key advantage of the British National Health Service (NHS) over the healthcare system in the USA?

A. The NHS offers better access to advanced medical technologies.

B. The NHS provides higher-quality healthcare services. C. TheNHS has a moreefficientsystemfor allocatinghealthcare

resources.

D. The NHS ensures universal healthcare coverage without direct charges.

4.How do the roles of research institutions differ between the USAand Britain in the healthcare context?

A. The USAhas more specialized institutions dedicated to health research.

B. Britain’s research councils and universities play a more significant role.

C. Both countries have similar levels of investment in healthcare research.

D. HealthcareresearchisnotapriorityineithertheUSAorBritain.

5.What is the primary goal of the Omnibus Budget ReconciliationAct (OBRA) in the healthcare sector?

A. To expand the scope of Medicare and Medicaid programs. B. To improve the quality and accountability of long-term care

facilities.

C. To promote cost-effective medical treatments and services.

D. To increase funding for public health research and development.

6. How do school health services in the USAand Britain contribute to their respective healthcare systems?

A. They play a crucial role in addressing the healthcare needs of students.

B. They have limited impact due to inconsistent funding and policies.

39

Практический курс первого иностранного языка. 2 курс

C. They focus primarily on routine screenings rather than comprehensive care.

D. They are non-existent or have minimal involvement in both countries.

7. What is a significant challenge faced by both the USA and Britain in terms of their healthcare systems?

A. Ensuring equitable access to healthcare services for all citizens.

B. Maintaining a balance between cost-effectiveness and quality of care.

C. Addressingtherisingburdenofchronicandterminalillnesses. D. Integrating innovative medical technologies into the health-

care infrastructure.

4. Study the glossary of healthcare terms and make 15 example sentences of your own employing this vocabulary.

Centers for disease control

Concerned with causes, spread, and control of diseases in population.

Clinic

Institutionprovidingcareforoutpatients—surgicalclinic,emer- gency care clinics, medical centers at colleges. The term also refers to a group of medical or dental doctors who share a facility with other personnel.

Cost containment

Procedures used in health care to control costs or expenses.

Dental office

Vary in size from an office privately owned by one or more dentist or dental clinics that employ a number of dentists.

Diagnostic related groups

Are one way congress is trying to control cost for government insurance insurance plans such as medicare and medicaid. Patients admitted to the hospital with certain diagnoses are classified in one payment group.Alimit is placed on the cost of care and the agency providing care receives this set amount.

40