Практический курс обучения профессионально ориентированному иностранному языку. Электроэнергетика и электротехника. В 2 частях. Ч.1. Учебное пособие

Only a decade after the successful flights by the Wright brothers, the 1920s saw extensive development of aeronautical engineering through development of World War I military aircraft.

Use of English 1: vocabulary

7. Match each item in column A with an appropriate item from column B and link the two in the sentence using to deal with or to be concerned with. There are five models to help you.

1 Mechanical engineering deals with machines.

2 Mechanical engineers deal with machines.

3 Mechanical engineering is concerned with machines.

4 Mechanical engineers are concerned with machines.

5 Machines are the concern of mechanical engineers.

8. Fill in the gaps in the following description of the different branches of engineeringusinginformationfromthetextandlanguageyouhavestudied in this text.

The main branches of engineering are civil, ___1___, ___2___, chemical and aerospace. Mechanical engineering is ___3___ ___4___

machinery of all kinds. This branch of engineering includes ___5___, automobile, ___6___, and heating and ventilating. The first three are

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concerned with transport: ___7___, cars and planes. The last ___8___

with air-conditioning, refrigeration, etc.

Electrical engineering deals with ___9___ from generation to use. Electricity generating is concerned with ___10___stations. Electrical installation deals ___11___ cables, switchgear, and connecting up electrical equipment.

Two branches of engineering include both ___12___ and ___13___

engineering. These are mining and ___14____ engineering. The former deals with mines and mining equipment, the latter with hospital

___15___ of all kinds.

9.MatchtheverbsincolumnAwiththeappropriateword/wordsincolumnB. Thencompletethesentences1–7withanappropriatecombination.Usethe correct form of the verbs.

1It would no doubt be possible to ________ a more scientific

________ than this.

2The motion of the ions and electrons in the sheet is such that it

________ to a net current around Jupiter.

3The year’s purpose is to ________ the ________ and provision of national and international communications.

4Cellular technology is not a new concept; some authorities ________

its ________ to 1947.

5This will help us ________ different data types in the future when they are visualized together.

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6Hydro power stations, which ________ the 19th century, also provide flood control services, as well as water for irrigated agriculture and industry; they also promote water transit by regulating stream flow.

7 Biofuels used today are largely ________agricultural crops.

Use of English 1: grammar

Passive Voice

10. Rewrite each sentence in the passive form.

1Engineers use math and science to solve problems and create new products and services.

2Alan Darbyshire has designed this book as a full programme of study for mechanical engineering students. The author has structured the material into sections. In-text questions, key points and activity panels complement each section making this an ideal book for classroom learning and independent study.

3Milton Roy, a chemical engineer, developed the first portable kidney dialysis machine in 1964.

4United States aerospace engineers launched the first American satellite on January 31, 1958 in response to the USSR launching Sputnik on October 4, 1957.

5The largest Russian marine engineering design bureau “Rubin” is successfully implementing state-of-the-art techniques into the development of different projects.

6A degree in electrical engineering can open many doors to university graduates because electrical engineering is so broad and acquired skills are transferable.

7Mostpeopleassociatecivilengineeringwithbridges,roads,buildings and factories. Indeed, we can view it as something that covers everything we need in life. We can break it down into four strands: structural, geotechnical, transport and environmental engineering.

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11. Complete the text below using the correct form (active or passive) of the verbs in brackets. Guess which branch of engineering the process described in the text relates to.

DRILLING FOR OIL – ​PAST AND PRESENT

Long ago, wells (1) ________ (dig) in the ground using percussion drilling. A heavy wooden cutting tool (2) ________ (suspend) by a rope from a pulley on a wooden tripod. The tool (3) ________ (pull up) by hand or steam engine, and then it (4) ________ (drop) into the hole. Therock(5)________(break)bytheweightofthetool.Themaximum depth was only about 70 metres.

Nowadays, much deeper oil wells of 700 m (6) ________ (dig) using a method called rotary drilling. A sharp drill bit (7) ________ (suspend) byadrillstringfromapulleyonasteelderrick.Thedrillbit(8)________

(rotate) in the hole by a powerful engine. The rock (9) _______ (break) by the rotation of the drill bit.

Now there is also a new method of drilling which (10) ________ (cut) the rock using lasers. No cutting tool or drill bit (11) ________ (use). Instead,therock(12)________(split)bybeamsofhigh-energylight.A fibre-optic cable (13) ________ (carry) the light from the lasers on the surface down the hole to a set of lenses. The lenses then (14) ________

(focus) the light to a sharp point on the rock face, which (15) ________

(cut) almost 100 times faster than by a drill bit. As a result, the cost of drilling (16) ________ (reduce), and drilling jobs (17) ________

(complete) much more quickly.

Reading 2

12.Readthetextandarrangethesentencesinthecorrectorderaccording to the text.

a Testing helps to predict how the product will perform.

bEngineersfindanoptimalsolutionoftheproblemtakingintoaccount all the constraints.

cThe most often obtained degrees in engineering are the bachelor’s degree and the master’s degree.

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d Engineers are required to have knowledge of related sciences.

e The profession of an engineer is highly valued by the society.

THE PROFESSION OF AN ENGINEER

Engineering is the science, discipline, art and profession of acquiring andapplyingtechnical,scientificandmathematicalknowledgetodesign and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely realize a desired objective or inventions.

Engineersusetheirknowledgeofscience,mathematics,andappropriate experience to find suitable solutions to a problem. Engineering is considered a branch of applied mathematics and science. Creating an appropriate mathematical model of a problem allows them to analyze it and to test potential solutions.

Morethanever,engineersarenowrequiredtohaveknowledgeofrelevant sciences for their design projects, as a result, they keep on learning new material throughout their career.

If multiple options exist, engineers weigh different design choices on theirmeritsandchoosethesolutionthatbestmatchestherequirements. The crucial and unique task of the engineer is to identify, understand, and interpret the constraints on a design in order to produce a successful result. Constraints may include available resources, physical, imaginative or technical limitations, flexibility for future modifications and additions, and other factors, such as requirements for cost, safety, marketability, productibility, and serviceability.

Engineerstypicallyattempttopredicthowwelltheirdesignswillperform prior to full-scale production. They use, among other things, prototypes, scale models, simulations, destructive tests, nondestructive tests, and stress tests. Testing ensures that products will perform as expected.

Engineers usually include a factor of safety in their designs to reduce the risk of unexpected failure. The study of failed products is known as forensicengineering,andcanhelptheproductdesignerinevaluatinghis or her design in the light of real conditions. The discipline is of greatest value after disasters, such as bridge collapses, when careful analysis is needed to establish the cause or causes of the failure.

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Engineering is a well respected profession. It ranks as one of the public’s most trusted professions. Engineers are considered to be highly knowledgeable and respectable individuals and are often portrayed in science fiction as people who understand the overwhelming future technologies.

DEGREES IN ENGINEERING

Following the introduction of the Bologna process, it has become increasingly common for the universities to split technical studies into two parts, the first being the one after which they award the bachelor’s degree (baccalaureus, typically three years), and the second part being an optional two years, upon the successful completion of which they award either the engineer’s degree or a master’s degree (MEng or MSc).

In the United Kingdom the highest award for non-postgraduate studies in engineering is the Master of Engineering (MEng). In England, Northern Ireland and Wales this is a four-year course or a ‘sandwich’ five-year course (with one year spent working in industry). The Bachelor ofEngineering(BEng)isusuallyathreeyearcourse(fourinScotland),or can also include a year in industry. Many universities offer the BEng, and may then allow a transfer onto the MEng.

EngineerswhohavebeenawardedaBEng(Ordinary)orBEng(Honours) and have appropriate training and experience in the work place are able to apply to become an Incorporated Engineer (IEng). If an engineer has studied beyond the BEng for an MSc or has an MEng, they may apply to become a Chartered Engineer (CEng), once they have completed the required amount of post graduate work-based competency training and experience.

Chartered Engineer and Incorporated Engineer titles awarded by the Engineering Council UK, are broadly equivalent to North American Professional Engineer (PEng/PE) and Professional Technologist (PTech) designations, but with often a far greater geographical recognition.

In the United States, the bachelor’s degree is the standard four year undergraduate degree awarded to engineering students and is generally the only degree required for licensure (that is, it is the first professional degree in the field). For graduate students, the two-year master’s degree is by far the most common route, which may be followed by the doctorate.

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The Degree of Engineer or Engineer’s Degree is the least commonly obtained advanced degree in engineering. It is usually preceded by a master’s degree and is not a prerequisite to a doctoral degree. It serves as a terminal degree for practicing engineers. The availability of degrees and the specific requirements differ considerably between institutions and between specialties within an institution.

Use of English 2: vocabulary

13. Match the verbs in column A with the appropriate word in column B. Then complete the sentences 1–7 with an appropriate combination. Use the correct form of the verbs.

1 Genetic epistemology is the science of how ________ .

2Some of the students seem unable to ________ they have already acquired.

3And anyway they could probably ________ based on the photoelectric cell.

4Three premium compressor series – ​GA 5-11 MED, GA 5-15 VSD MED and GA 15-22 MED – ​means you will certainly find the compressed air solution that perfectly ________ your specific

________.

5Before applying to any program, make sure you know what is required to enter it and ________.

6To ________ of electrical shock, always turn the projector off and disconnect the power cord before changing the lamp.

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7Somedepartmentsonlyadmitpotentialdoctoralcandidates,although they may ________ a terminal master’s ________ to students who complete a certain level of coursework but do not go on to pursue a doctorate.

Use of English 2: grammar

Passive Voice

14. Complete the text with the correct form (active or passive) of the verbs in brackets.

Engineering(1)________(base)principallyonphysics,chemistry,and mathematics, and their extensions into materials science, solid and fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, transfer and rate processes, and systems analysis.

Engineering as a profession (2) ________ (involve) different tasks. It

(3) ________ (can, refer) specifically to the manufacture or assembly of engines, machine tools and machine parts. It also (4) ________

(use) more generally to describe the creative application of scientific principles to design, develop, construct and forecast the behaviour of structures, apparatus, machines, manufacturing processes and works. The function of scientists is to know, while that of engineers is to do: they (5) ________ (must, solve) specific problems.

Electrical engineering (6) ________ (deal) with the practical application of the theory of electricity to the construction and manufacture of systems,devicesandassembliesthat(7)_________(use)electricpower and signals.

Electrical engineering (8) ________ (can, divide) into four main branches: electric power and machinery, communications and control, electronics, computers. Electrical applications (9) ________ (use) in many industrial areas including electric power and machinery, electronic circuits, control systems, computer design, superconductors, solid-state electronics, medical imaging systems, robotics, lasers, radar, consumer electronics, fibre optics.

In recent years, the electronic computer (10) ________ (emerge) as the largest application of electrical engineering. However, another very

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large field (11) ________ (concern) with electric light and power and their applications. Specialities within the field (12) ________ (include) the design, manufacture, and use of turbines, generators, transmission lines, transformers, motors, lighting systems and appliances.

Listening

15.ReadpartofaCVandthenlistentoajobinterview.Completethegaps and update some of the information.

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

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16. Write the questions from the interview, using the prompts. Then listen again and check.

1 which/job/interested ___________________________________

2 long/work/there ______________________________________

3 responsibilities/current/job ______________________________

4 exactly/kind/business/your company ________________________

5 long/work/Farley Marine _______________________________

6 what/description/there _________________________________

7 long/course/last ______________________________________

8 why/leave/Horton Engineering ___________________________

Writing: Covering Letter and CV

17. Read the job advert and the covering letter. Rewrite the letter, divid- ing the long paragraph into the five paragraphs according to the sections below.

Electronics Systems Engineer – ​F1

Excellent opportunity for an experienced engineer

to join our team.

Interested?

Click here

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