Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Утевская Н.Л. - English Grammar Book - 2011

.pdf
Скачиваний:
870
Добавлен:
17.07.2020
Размер:
41.77 Mб
Скачать

:L

Q

~

со::

с:::

<

~

г

<

с:::

"

:r

'./)

_;

с

z

""

to get away

to get back

to get down

to work/business to get off

to get on

to get out (of)

to get over

to get through

to get up

to give away

togive in

to give off

to give out

to give up

удрать, исчезнуть, сбежать

The prisoпer got away froт the prisoп.

вернуться

Wheп wi/1 you get back?

приняться за работуjза дело

lt's /ate. lt's tiтe to get dowп to work.

1)слезать, вылезать; сходить

/'т gettiпg off at the пехt statioп.

2)отъезжать, отбывать

The traiп got off iп tiтe.

3)избежать, избавиться от наказания

Не got off with оп/у а fiпe.

1)ладить с людьми

lt's hard to get оп with such а тап.

2) садиться в поезд (трамвай, автобус и т.д.)

Hardly had he got оп the traiп wheп it started.

3) делать успехи в работе, продвигаться вперед

1do поt get оп iп life.

выходить, вылезать

Wi/1 you get out at the пехt stop?

справиться с чем-либо, преодолеть

Siпce 1got over ту cold 1have got lots тоге eпergy.

1) кончить

1got half way through а book.

2) выдерживать

How willl ever get through?

3) связаться по телефону

We got through at /ast.

вставать, подниматься

1usually get up еаг/у iп the тorniпg.

ToGive

выдавать, проговориться

His ассепt gave hiт away.

сдаваться, уступать

Her father fiпal/y gave iп апd al/owed her to go to the disco.

испускать (запах)

Sour тilk gave off а terriЬ/e sте/1.

1) раздавать

They gave out thousaпds of leaflets at the тeetiпg.

2)кончаться

Оиг stores were giviпg out.

1)оставить

Не was forced to give up his пative couпtry.

2)отказаться

Не had to give up studyiпg because of his poor health.

440

to go ahead

to go back оп

to go off

to go оп

to go out

to go up

to hold back

to hold оп

to hold over

to hold together to hold up

to keep back

to keep off

to keep оп

to keep to

to keep up

to keep up with

to let dowп

ToGo

продолжать, двигаться вперед

Go ahead!

обмануть, подвести; нарушить свое слово

Не weпt back оп his word.

взорваться

The ЬотЬ weпt off outside the restauraпt.

1)продолжать

They weпt оп iп their iпvestigatioп.

2)происходить

What's goiпg оп here?

погаснуть

Wheп the wamiпg Ье/1 raпg the lights weпt out.

повышаться (о ценах)

School fees are goiпg up пехt terт.

ToHold

сдерживать; задерживать

They did their best to hold back the епету.

ждать, не класть трубку

Hold the liпe, p/ease.

откладывать

The decisioп was held over for а week.

скреплять

The papers were held together.

выдерживать; сдерживать

Не did his best to hold up uпder тisfortuпes.

ТоКеер

скрывать

We kept the пews back froт her.

держаться в отдалении, не приближаться

Кеер off the grass.

продолжать (делать что-либо)

Whydo you keep оп botheriпg те?

придерживаться

You тust keep to the subject iп your coтpositioп.

держаться на прежнем уровне, не меняться

Their courage kept up.

продолжать, не прекращать

Кеер up with your тusic апd you'/1 таkе good progress.

ToLet

подводить, покидать в беде

Doп't let те dowп.

V:·

:с:

::,;

ш

>

_;

<

VJ

<

::,;

.::с

::..

00

х-

::::

z.

~

:::..

:::..

~

441

:0,::

с

с

а::

::t::

<

:?:

г.

<

::t::

(,!;)

:::

-:..1"1

,_J

о

z

"""

to let off

отпустить, помиловать

 

Тf1е judge let hiт off because of his age.

to let on

притворяться, делать вид

 

Не let оп he didп't kпow.

to let up

ослабевать, прекращаться

 

The raiп is lettiпg up.

 

То Look

to look after

1) заботиться о ком-либо

 

Who wi/1 /ook after the childreп?

 

2) ухаживать

 

She regularly /ooks after her flowers.

to look

смотреть с презрением, презирать

down on

People looked dowп оп hiт because he had опсе Ьееп iп prison.

to look for

искать

 

Have you sееп your keys? l've Ьееп lookiпg fог theт eveгywheгe.

to look

ожидать (чего-либо) с удовольствием

forward to

/'т lookiпg forward to your /etter.

to look into

разбираться, изучать

 

Му аiт is to /ook iпto а тatter.

tolookin

заглянуть, зайти

onsmb

Woп't you /ook in оп те wheп you're iп town?

to look on

наблюдать

 

Не теге/у looked оп апd did пothiпg.

to look out

быть настороже

 

Look out, you wi/1 fal/ dowп.

to look over

просматривать

 

Look over your papers апd you'/1 find what you are looking for.

to look

просматривать

through

The police looked through his papers.

to look to

заботиться о (ком-либо, чем-либо), следитьза (кем-либо, чем-либо)

 

Just look to it that this doesп 't hарреп agaiп.

to look up

искать в словаре, справочнике

 

1couldn 't fiпd her питЬеr so 1/ooked it up iп the telephoпe book.

to look up to,

смотреть почтительно на кого-либо, уважать кого-либо

 

She a/ways /ooked up to her graпdтotherbecause of her kiпdness

 

апd wisdoт.

 

ToMake

to make off

убегать, удирать

 

Where is Nick? Не таdе off soon after the /essoпs.

to make out

разобраться, понять

 

What does this word теап? 1сап't таkе it out.

to make up

сочинять, придумывать

 

Wheп he was а little Ьоу, he liked to таkе up stories.

442

to make up

краситься

oneself

They made her up as an old woman for the last act of the р/ау.

to make up

помириться с кем-либо

with smb

Не made up with his brother after the quarrel.

to make up

решить, принять решение

one'smind

1made up ту mind to Ье а doctor.

tomake up

восполнять; возмещать; наверстывать

for

1tried to make up for the /ost time after an illness.

 

ToPass

to pass away

1) скончаться

 

Не passed away at the age of пinety.

 

2) исчезать, проходить

 

А/1 the prejudices of the old world have passed away.

to pass off as

1) сбывать, подсовывать

 

Не was trying to pass off his goods as excellent.

 

2) выдавать себя (за кого-либо)

 

Не passed off himseff as а sai/or.

to pass on

передавать дальше

 

Read the поtе and pass it оп.

to pass out

1) терять сознание

 

Не didn't remember anything because he passed out.

 

2) умереть

 

Не passed out оп the way to the hospital.

 

То Pull

to pull back

удерживать; отступать

 

Не pul/ed back in time.

to pull down

сносить

 

The old building was pul/ed dowп.

topull in

прибывать на станцию (о поезде)

 

The train pulled in at the station оп time.

to pull oneself

взять себя в руки, собраться с духом

together

She was very upset but she tried to pu/1 herself together.

to pull

выжить, поправиться; преодолеть трудности

through

Though the situation was very dangerous he pul/ed through his

 

illness.

to pull up

останавливать(ся)

 

Не was pul/ed up Ьу the chairman.

 

ToPut

to put aside

откладывать

 

Не stopped reading and put aside а book.

to put down

записывать

 

Не put down wheп the orator was speaking.

и

·'"'"'

о::

ш

>

<

V1

<

::>::

..,.

с..

ос

><

::::

z

u

:;)..

с..

<

443

;:.:::

,....

~'

а:!

::.:

<

:;,

:г.

<

·:Х

"'

:::

и-

.....1

Q

z

~

to put smth down to smth to put forward

to put off

to put out

to put through

to put up with

to run across

to run down

to run out

to run over

to run up

to see about

to see smb off

to see through

приписывать что-либо; объяснять

Не put down his actions to shyness.

предлагать, выдвигать; выставлять чью-либо

кандидатуру

She put forwaгd а пеw theoгy.

откладывать

We have to put off оиг тeetiпg.

тушить, гасить

The fiгетеп put out а fiгe vегу quickly.

1) закончить

We wеге oЬ/iged to put а job thгough.

2) соединять (по телефону)

1waпt to Ье put thгough to the hotel.

терпеть, мириться

1сап't put up with уоиг coтplaiпts апу тоге.

ToRun

случайно встретиться; натолкнуться на кого-либо, на что-либо

1гап acгoss hiт iп the stгeet.

1)сбить

The тotoгist гап dowп а тап оп а Ьiсус/е.

2)останавливаться (о механизмах, часах)

The clock гипs down if it is not wound.

3)говорить с пренебрежением

That тап is always гunпing те down.

1)выбежать

The cage was open and the Ьiгd гап out.

2) кончаться

We've гип out of coffee, 1'11 go to the shop апd get sоте.

1)переехать, задавить

Dгive slow/y aloпg hеге, you don't want to гип anyone оvег.

2)перелиться через край

1didп't turn off the tap and the wateг гап оvег.

1) поднимать(ся)

The tide is гиппiпg up the beach.

2) быстро расти, увеличиваться

The account is гunning up.

ToSee

проследить, присмотреть за чем-либо

See about packiпg а саг.

провожать

1waпt soтebody to see те off.

1)помогать, поддерживать (в беде)

Не saw те thгough а/1 ту tгouЬ/es.

444

set about

to see to

to set about

to set aside

to set down

to set forth

t" set in

to set off/out

to set up

to stand Ьу

to stand for

to stand in for

to stand out

to stand up for

to stand up to

2)видеть насквозь кого-либо

Не was very сиппiпg but we saw hiт through.

позаботиться; заняться чем-либо

1'11 see to the childreп.

ToSet

начать что-либо делать, приняться за что-то Не writiпg а coтpositioп.

1) откладывать деньги

1decided to set aside out of ту savings to buy а пеw ТV set.

2)пренебрегать, отбрасывать

Let's set aside а/1 the forтalities.

3)отклонять

Не set а/1 their offers aside.

1)высаживать

The bus will set you dowп at your destiпatioп.

2)записывать что-либо

Не set dowп his пате апd address.

отправляться (в путешествие)

After dinпer he set fort/1 witlюut sayiпg where he was goiпg.

наступать, начинаться

Wiпter has set in vегу early tl1is year.

1) помещать, выставлять

They set off fruit for sa/e.

2) отправиться в путешествие

They set offjout оп their joumey ear/y in the тomiпg.

1) воздвигать, устанавливать

This топитепt was set up before the lюlidays.

2) открывать (какое-либо дело)

The grocer's was set up in our district.

ToStand

поддерживать кого-либо, помогать кому-либо

Не wi/1 stand Ьу if his frieпd gets iпto trouble.

означать

White staпds for purity.

временно заменить

Не had to stand iп for his friend wheп he was i/1.

выгодно отличаться

His work staпds out froт that of others.

отстаивать, защищать (что-либо)

Не always stood up for the rights of тап.

смело встречать (что-либо), противостоять (кому-либо)

Не had eпough пerve to staпd up to the boss.

"'::с

;:,:;

L:.,;

;...-

,...:

<

r:r;

<

~

'""'

00

х

,...,

z

u

::..

:с..

<

445

:><::

С·

·()

~

;,;::

<

::?:

:г:

<

;,;::

"

::t:

"'-

-!

,....,

'-'

2

~

 

ToTake

to take aback

поразить, ошеломить

 

Не was taken aback Ьу her appearance.

to take after

быть похожим на кого-либо

 

Не looks after his father.

totake away

убирать; уносить; уводить

 

lf you are not going to eat а cake, take it away.

to take back

отводить; отвозить; относить

 

The dog was taken back to its master.

to take down

1) снимать

 

Take down the picture, 1don't like it.

 

2) сносить, разрушать

 

The bui/ding is to Ье taken dov,;n.

 

3) записывать

 

Не took down tl1e te/ephone number.

to take for

принимать кого-либо за кого-либо

 

1took him for an Englishman.

to take off

1) убирать, уносить, снимать

 

Let's take the curtains off, we must wash them.

 

2) взлететь {о самолете)

 

The р/апе takes off at б o'clock.

to take up

взяться за что-либо, заняться {чем-либо)

 

We are thinking of taking up German in the autumn.

 

ToTurn

to turn

повернуться, обернуться

around

Go a/ong the road and don 't tuт around.

to turn away

отворачиваться

 

When he heard these words he tuтed away in disgust.

to turn down

1) убавлять (свет, газ)

 

Тит down the gas, p/ease.

 

2) отказывать {кому-либо)

 

Не decided to tuт the job offerdown because the salary was too /ow.

to turn into

превратиться

 

The water tuтs into ice in winter.

to turn off

выключать {радио, телевизор), гасить {свет)

 

Please tuт off the radio; /'т going to s/eep.

to turn on

включать {радио, телевизор); открывать {кран); зажигать {свет)

 

Тит оп the radio.

to turn out

1) оказаться

 

The performance tитеd оиt to Ье very interesting.

 

2) выпускать, производить

 

The factory tитs out ТV sets.

toturn over

перевернуть

 

Тит the pancake over, p/ease. lt wi/1 bиrn.

446

to turn to

обращаться к кому-либо

 

Не turned to him for а piece of advice.

to turn up

1) сделать громче

 

Тит up the television, 1do not hear anything.

 

2) внезапно появиться

 

We were surprised when they turned up at the wedding.

 

ToWear

towearaway

исчезать

 

The inscription has worn away.

towear out

to work on

to work out

to work up

изнашиваться

This cloth wi/1 soon wear out.

ToWork

продолжать(упорно)работать

Не was working оп at this ргоЬ/ет.

разработать (план)

The plan was very we/1 worked out.

добиваться чего-либо

Не worked his way up to become а manager.

v:

се

;,::

>

....:

<

С/)

<

;,::

~

ос

><

а

z

i-1

~

~

MEXERCISES

Exercise 1

Fill in the correct particles:

infor оп up to through off into up through down

1. What are tl1e cl1i1dren

...... ? They are very quiet. 2. We are ......

bad weatl1er this

week. 3. Му favourite television programme will Ье ......

iп five minutes. 4. I lшve

brokeп my leg skiing, so 1\Vill Ье ......

work fortwo moпths. 5. Iftl1ey do поt соте

to the meetiпg, I will Ье

...... witl1 them. 6.

If you press tl1e wroпg bнttoпs, tl1e

machine will break .......

7. School breaks ......

for the Victory Day. 8. Wheп she

foнnd out her brother was in hospital she broke .......

9. The troops managed to

break ......

the епеmу lines. 1О. Ann broke ......

her engagement Jast week. 11. The

robbers нsed iron bars to break ......

the Ьапk.

 

 

 

Exercise 11

 

 

 

 

 

Fill iп tl1e correct particles:

 

 

 

 

back in about forward round off up for

 

 

 

1. Ву being rнde, he broнght ......

his dismissal from work. 2. The mнsic

brings ......

happy memories. 3. The author will bring ......

his new novel soon.

447

~

о

с,

с::

:;,::

4, We tried to bring her ."". Ьу splashing l1er face with water. 5. The тeeting Jшs been brought ...... to toтorrow evening. 6. She was eveпtually brougl1t """ to ту point ofview. 7. They were obliged to call """ the football matcl1 Ьесанsе of

<bad weather. 8. Му friend will call us """ toпight at 7 o'clock. 9. This sitнatioп

:?:

calls """ iттediate action. 10. Sоте теп will Ье called """ to take part in tl1e

:;:;

competitions.

<

:;,::

 

(,.?

 

 

Exercise 111

'/J

Fill iп the correct particles:

=

....)

 

v

through away over оп iпto across dowп witlt out up 1vith

~1. I didп't теаnto buy so тuchbut 1got carried """ . 2. Tl1e police аге carryiпg

""" ап iпvestigatioп iпto the cause of Pete's iпjury. 3. 1 feel bad but 1'11 сагrу """

working anyway. 4. In spite of difficulties, we тanaged to сапу""" the pгoject. 5. 1 сате """ту photo albuт while tidying up. 6. Не сате """ possessioп ofa large estate. 7. I feel poorly. ProbaЬly 1сате """ the flu. 8. Wheп herpareпts died,

he came " .. " а small fortune. 9.

The details of tl1e scaпda1 сате ."".

10. Theymaпaged tосоте """ aso1ution.

ExerciseiV

 

Fill iп the correct particles:

 

outfor off iп dowп оп back оп iпto

away with dowп with

1.

If you doп't рау your electricity Ьill, your electricity will Ье cut """ .

2.

1 think I am not cut .... " workiпg at school. 3. You тust cut " .... the aтount

of meat you consuтe. 4. 1 waпted to overtake the lorry but а car from behiпd cut " .... between us. 5. She cut .. " .. the coпversation to ask to go онt. б. Tl1e village was снt ...... for some days Ьесанsе of tl1e raiп. 7. They decided to Cllt

...... their flat speпdiпg. 8. Sоте coнntries haveп't done " .... illiteracy. 9. Уон shoн1dn't do your parents """ They take care ofyou. 10. I'т really thirsty.

I could do

......

а drink.

 

 

 

 

 

ExerciseV

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fill in the correct particles:

 

 

 

 

 

 

out back up

in

behiпd

back оп

iп with

away with

оп for through to

 

 

1. Please draw ......

from the edge ofthe hill. 2. She went to the bank to draw .. ""

some money. 3. Look! The train hasjust drawп .. " ...

4. The lawyer drew ....

" tl1e

contract for the sale of the property. 5.

I'т afraid you've fallen ......

witl1 уош

schoo1work. 6. Не fell ....

" 11is father's point ofview. 7. When Ann lost 11er топеу,

she fell ......

her fatherfor support. 8. The roofis in danger offalliпg "" ...

9. Не fell

...... her at first sight. 1О. They got

...... the stolen goods. 11. Kate is gettiпg "" ..

witl1

her colleagнes. 12. 1 tried to call you last nig11t but couldn't get .. " .. to you. 13. Get

.. "" the train qнickly, before it leaves.

448

ExerciseVI

FШ iп the correct particles:

up

away out

off dowп iп

back

оп rouпd

 

 

 

 

 

1. Нis secret was given ......

 

Ьу his friend Ьу mistake. 2.

Не I1as tried to give ..... .

 

smoking таnу times. 3. When milk turns sour, it gives ......

а terriЬie smell. 4. The

 

teacher's patience finally gave ......

5. They were made to give

...... to tl1e enemy.

 

6. Tl1e fireworks went ......

at midnight. 7. Не went ......

with the flн. 8.

Before

 

goiпg to bed, we watched the fire s1ow1y go .......

9. The story was so sad sl1e

 

сонldп't hold

...... her tears. 1О. We were I1eld ......

оп tl1e motorway for two Iюшs.

 

11. I l1eld ......

 

ту angeruпtil he'd left t11e room. 12. I was asked to lюld ......

wl1ile

 

his sisterwas fetched to the phone.

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise Vll

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fill in the correct particles:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

оп

back at off

dow п

after

over through

up forward

to

 

 

 

1. SI1e kept

......

i п formation from the police. 2. Tl1e teacher told me to keep ..... .

 

tl1e good work. 3. "You have to keep ......

а word limit of 300," the teacl1e1· said.

 

4. Не warned them to keep ......

 

tl1e freshly paiпted beпches. 5. Не was let ......

Ьу

 

the judge as this was his first offence. 6. She was often let ......

Ьу her forgetful sister.

 

7. Could you please look

......

this contract? 8. Kate Iыs а nнrse to look ......

l1er

 

children while she's at work. 9. Look ......

all the нnknown words in tl1e dictioпary.

 

1О. Look ......

 

the magazines and find the article you пееd. 11. We are alllooking

 

...... NewYear.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise Vlll

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fill in the correct particles:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ир

out upfor

offas away

back

together

through iп

 

 

 

 

1. Without ту spectacles I сап hardly make ......

the words on tl1e page. 2. Sl1e

 

must have made ......

that story; it сап't Ье true. 3. TI1ey didn't make ......

after

 

the quarrel. 4. Не brought her some Лowers to make

...... bls bad bel1aviour.

 

5. Нer father passed

......

in February last year. 6. N tl1e party he passed blmself

 

...... а rich businessman. 7. At tl1e last moment, he pнlled ......

the deal. 8. Pнll

 

yourself ......

 

and stop belыviпg like а child. 9. The train pulled ......

at tl1e

 

station 1О miпutes late. 1О. Tlюнgh she was very serioнsly ill she pulled ......

l1er

 

illness.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ExerciseiX

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fill iп the correct particles:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

оп

off aside

through

up with

across out of out

over dowп

forward

 

 

1. We put ......

 

some money to buy Clнistmas presents. 2. We' d better put ......

ош

 

meetiпg until tomorrow, 1am поt well. 3. Ош class is putting ......

"Ciпderalla" as

i:-. ."'.lJ\ 1

J~

:..:...i v:·

'..)

f_i..J

х

;;;J

""

х

о

7

,.,

..,r,

449