Утевская Н.Л. - English Grammar Book - 2011

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MEXERCISES

Exercise 1

Point out the Subjective Participial Construction. Traпs\ate the seпteпces.

1. Не was found working at his desk. 2. I was kept waiting iп t\1e hall for halfaл hour. 3. People were seen ruпning up tl1e alley. 4. 1 was left waiting outside.

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was heard singing а popular song. 7. Tl1e door was found \ocked. 8. The musicians were heard tuпing up. 9. The guests were sееп goiпg to the back parlour. 10. She was fouлd sitting Ьу the fire.

6. Слышали, какДжейн открьшаладверь. 7. Видели, как Том стоял око­

ло письменного стола и просматривал какой-то журнал. 8. Слышали, как она пела в соседней комнате. 9. Видели, как вы покупали книги. 10. Было слышно, как они спорили. 11. Слышали, как он разговаривал со служанкой. 12. Видели, как рабочие грузили на платформы большие ящики с электрооборудованием. 13. Слышали, как студенты обсуждали новый фильм. 14. Слышали, какмама пела популярную песню. 15. Ви­

дели, как он несколько раз проходил по этой улице.

The Nominative Absolute Participial

Construction

The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction is а comЬination of а noun in theCommon Case (or а pronoun in the Nominative Case)with а participle.

The peculiarity of the construction is that the noun (or pronoun) which is the subject of the action expressed Ьу the participle is not at the same time the subject ofthe action expressed bythe participle ofthe sentence.

Therefore the construction is formally independent of the rest of the sentence.

The term absolute means свободный, независимый.

The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction is used in the function of an adverЬial modifier.

1) ofcause

lt being dark in the room, we could not read.

2) oftime

The clock striking 6, he began working.

3) of attendant circumstances

Не went off to meet his friends, а crowd of boys and girls, and women following him.

4) of condition

Weather permitting, we wi/1 go down to the country.

The Prepositional Absolute Participial

Construction

The Absolute Participial Construction may Ье introduced Ьуthe preposition with and is then called the Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction. lt is usually used in the function of an adverЬial modifier of attendant circumstances.

We started оп our way, with the dog following us.

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the morning. 2. The wind being t'avouraЬle, our yacht wil\ reach tl1e island iп no time. 3. Му task having been finished, I went to visit my t'riends. 4. It beiпg very co1d, they decided to make а fire. 5. The preparations bei11g completed, they bega11 to c1imb up the mou11tai11. 6. Tl1e moon bei11g bright, everythi11g was clearly visiЬ\e. 7. Tl1e key i1avi11g bee11\ost, t11ey could11't оре11 ti1e sailor's chest. 8. The actor bei11g very popular, it was very dit'ficult to get tickets t'or 11is co11cert. 9. Ourpetrol bei11g exi1austed, we could go 110 t'urther. 1О. The boys sat gazi11g into the fire, with their minds wa11dering elsewi1ere. 11. It beiпg very stormy, they stayed at home. 12. Не we11t alo11g t11e street, with 11is eyes caret'ully watching the windows. 13. All this havi11g Ьее11 settled, we decided to start 011 Wednesday. 14. Tl1e weati1er being very cold, ti1e childre11 put 011 warm coats and hats.

Exercise 11

Point out the Absolute Participial Constructio11 wit\1 there апd it. Translate tl1e seпteпces.

1. There being little time 1et't, we had to make haste. 2. Ti1ere beiпg severa1 comic passages iп the story, we laughed heartily. 3. It being dit'ficult to arrange the matter at о11се, we decided to meet again 011 ti1e t'ollowi11g day. 4. There being а stroпg wi11d that day, it was da11gerous to go yachtiпg. 5. It being dark, we switched 011 the light. 6. There being по vacant seats, I l1ad to staпd duriпg t11e \ecture. 7. There bei11g agreat deal ofpeople in t11e hall, we could поt e11ter. 8. There bei11g nothi11g to do, we went t'or а walk. 9. Ti1ere bei11g а severe storm at sea, the steamer could not leave the port. 10. It beiпg Su11day, the library was closed.

the student got а good mark. 1О. As it was difficuJt to answer the qнestion, I lшd to think for а moment. 11. А<> it was dangerous to cross tl1e storшy river iп а boat, we had to wait for а steamer. 12. As it is necessary to send t11e telegram at once, 1'11 go to the post office immediately. 13. As there is nшcl1 work to do, 1'11 stay at lюme toпight. 14. As it was Sнnday, tl1e s\юps were closed.

Exercise IV

CI1ange tl1e following sentences tJsiпg the Absolute Participial Coпstrнction.

1. As the front door was open, she coнld see straight throнg\1 the hoнse. 2. The qнestion was rather difficult to answer at овсе, апd I asked tor permission to think it over. 3. Wl1e11 tl1e greetiпgs we1·e over, !1е seated himse1fiв а c1шir. 4. We set off; t11e raiп was still comiпg down I1eavily. 5. Не stood leaniпg against tl1e wall, his arms were fo1ded. 6. There was in fact вotlling to wait for, and we got down to work. 7. There was very 1ittle time 1eft; we l1ad to hurry. 8. The пеw engiпes were safely delivered, all ofthem were iп good order. 9. Now tl1at two of ту books are lost I am воt going to 1et аnуопе take books from my library.

10.Diпner was served on the tепасе, as it was very close in the room. 11. After

аprivate sittiпg-room had been engaged, bedrooms iпspected апd dinпer

ordered, tl1e party wa1ked out to view t11e city.

Exercise V

Joiп two seпtences: tшп the first seпtence iпto the Nomiпative Absolute Participial Constructioп.

1.Tl1e sнn lшd set; we could поt contiпue ош way. 2. Tl1e room was dark; we couldn't see aпythiпg. 3. Т11еrе was nobody at lюme; I lшd diппer аlопе.

4.The room at the hotel had Ьееп booked beforehaпd; we l1ad no reason to worry. 5. The typist had fallen ill; I couldп't get my paper typed iп time. 6. It was late; tl1e children were sent to bed. 7. TI1e telep\1oпe was out of order; l\1ad to go out. 8. The ТУ set is repaired; we сап watch ТУ programmes every day.

9.The пеw engiпes were safely delivered; all oftl1em were iп good order. 1О. The situatioп was шgепt; we had to go ahead. 11. Our eftorts to start the car llad failed; we spent the пigl1t at а пеаrЬу viiiage.

Exercise Vl

Make up seпtences нsiпg tlle followiпg pl1rases as the Nomiпative Absolute Participial

tl1ere beiпg по time to lose; the coпcert over; it beiпg 1ate; haпds iп pockets; his collar uпbuttoned; wit11 llis eyes wide open; our car beiпg damaged; people singiпg апd daпcing; а cup oftea before him uпtouclled; the raiпy season over; the coпcert haviпg Ьееп caпcelled; the teacller beiпg away; eyes wide; their bodies swayiпg iп time to the soпg; their clothes beiпg dirty апd torп.

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1.Нег daughter sat motionless Ьу the fire; her l1aпds were crossed on her kпees.

2.Не could sit so for hours; llis book was closed and lyiпg beside him. 3. They weпt dowп tl1e stairs; Alice was lingeriпg bel1ind а little. 4. Tl1e Ьоу stood sileпt;

l1is head was Ьепt. 5. Не was ruпniпg along the street; his raiпcoat was tl1rowп over 11is left arm. 6. Не Ьеgап to aпswer his lessoп; his teaci1er was watclliпg 11im closely. 7. Tl1e cllild !ау оп tlle bed; his eyes were shut and his face was flushed and sweating.

Exercise Vlll

Translate iпto Englisl1 нsing tl1e Nominative Absolute Participial Coлstrнctioп.

1. Так как море было бурное, они решили не выходить из гавани. 2. Так как

их дом был совсем близко, я часто ходила навещать их. 3. Когда все было

закончено, мы отправились в путь. 4. Так как статья была очень трудная, я не могла перевести ее без вашей помощи. 5. Когда обед был готов, мы сели

за стол. 6. Мы сидели на балконе, а луна в это время медленно поднима­

лась над горами. 7. Так как окно было открыто, ветер разбросал все мои

бумаги по полу. 8. Так как погода была прекрасная, мы решили провести

воскресенье в деревне. 9. Оставалось еще полчаса до отхода поезда, и мы

решили поужинать на вокзале. 1О. Если погода будетблагоприятной, спорт­

смены смогут показать высокие результаты. 11. Если условия позволят, я приеду к вам на лето. 12. Солнце взошло. Начало быстро светлеть.

Exercise Х

Translate what is given in brackets with the help of tl1e Nominative Absolute

Coпstruction.

1. (День был солнечный) а pair of glass doors leadiпg to tl1e gardeп wеге thrown ореп. 2. Не fell asleep (окно ослuюсь открытым). 3. (Было уже холодно) tl1e sнmmer resideпts Ьеgап to leave tl1eir collлtгy lюuses. 4. (Когда

гости разъехались) tl1e 11ouse became solitaгy agaiп. 5. Не rLisl1ed iпto tl1e

room (шапка в руках). 6. (Не было никакого смысла все объяснять ему)

1 made нр шу miпd to act оп my оwп. 7. Не sat Jost iп tlюught (перед ним

стоял нетронутый обед). 8. (Так как не было луны) it was pitch dark in the forest. 9. (Так как не было никаких возражений) the plan was adopted.

10. Long s\1e sat l1alf-dressed (сжав руки и опустив голову). 11. В!ank sileпce

followed (никто не произнес ни слова). 12. ( Многиерабочие в городе стра­

дали от туберкулеза легких) he decided to do researc\1 work to fiпd caнses of tl1e disease.

Exercise Xl

Translate iпto Eпglish usiпg tl1e Nomiпative Absolllte Coпstructioп.

1. Когда письмо было написано, она согласилась отнести его на почту.

2. Оставалось еще полчаса до отхода поезда, и мы решили провести это время на вокзале. 3. Солнце село. Начало быстро темнеть. 4. Сигнал был дан, и конькобежцы бросились вперед. 5. Если погода будет благоприят­

ной, спортсмены смогут выиграть это соревнование. 6. Этот вопрос трак­

туется в двух томах, так что мне придется просмотреть оба. 7. Когда работа была выполнена, мы пошли домой. 8. Если условия позволят, я приеду к

вам сегодня вечером после работы. 9. Так как было темно на улице, дети

пошли домой. 10. Так как актер был очень популярным, было трудно дос­ тать билеты на его концерт. 11. Если обстоятельства позволят, мы выедем

завтра.

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stood, his hands be11iпd hiш. 7. Т11еу were on tl1e porc\1 and Jolш vvas bowiпg rigl1t апd left, his hat iп l1is lшпd, his voice cool апd soft. 8. Не sat оп а stool Ьу tl1e l1eartl1, his back agaiпst tl1e fireplace. 9. Не caressed the cl1ild cluшsily, witl1 l1er big haпd over its head. 10. The experimeпt over, tl1e нewspaper

correspoпdeпts attacked tl1e young scieпtists with questioпs.

Exercise 111

Traпslate iпto Eпglis\1 нsiпg absolute coпstructioпs.

1. Он вошел в комнату с чемоданом в руке. 2. Отец с трубкой во рту встал из-за письменного стола и подошел к книжному шкафу. 3. Он спокойно лежал на диване с книгой в руках. 4. Она продолжала слушать своих друзей с широко открытыми от удивления глазами. 5. Если погода улуч­

шится, мы сможем поехать за город завтра. 6. Пассажиры сидели на

палубе с книгами в руках. 7. Он разговаривал с гостями, повернувшись спиной к камину. 8. Когда урок окончился, все вышли из аудитории. 9. Девушка неподвижно сидела в кресле, закрыв глаза. 1О. Он вошел n комнату, не здороваясь, в пальто и шапке. ].1. Он повернулся к нам: гла­ за горят, губы сжаты. 12. Маленькая Аня перестала играть на рояле и

встала у окна, повернувшись спиной ко всем.

The Preposition

The preposition is а part of speech which shows Н1е relations between а noun or а pronoun and other words of the sentence. The most common prepositions are: at,

Ьу, for, from, below, upon, iп, into, оп, of, to, up, before, above, uпder, with, without etc. The noun which follows the preposition is called the object to the preposition:

Не studies at the uпiversity. She is workiпg iп the laboratory.

Note. Adverbs, infinitives, phrases and clauses too may Ье objects to а preposition:

You mustfiпish yourwork bytheп. (adverb)

The same word may act as an adverb and as а preposition in different situations:

Не was sittiпg iп the readiпg-room. (prep.)

Suddeпlyа Ьоуrап iп. (adv.)

His coat is оп tf1e coat-haпger. (prep.)

Heputhiscoatoп. (adv.)

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Kinds of Prepositions

We must distinguish the following groups of prepositions:

1)simple prepositions: iп, оп, at, for, with etc.;

2)derived prepositions which are formed from other words, mainly participles:

coпcerniпg, fo/lowiпg, iпcludiпg, duriпg, depeпdiпg, except etc.;

3) compound prepositions: withiп, outside,

a/oпgside etc.;

4)phrasal prepositions which include а word of another class and one or two

prepositions: Ьуmeaпs of, iп froпtof, iп spite of, iпsteadof, iп additioп to, for

the sake of etc.

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