Grammar: 1. Different meanings of that, those.

2. Either ... Or, neither . . . Nor. Text: Solid State.

LESSON 19

previously ['prkvjash] unsuspected properties ['Ansos-

'pektid 'propatiz] quantum mechanics ['kwon-

ductile ['dAktail] brittle [⁷britl] particular [pa'tikjute] therefore ['Seafo:] kind [kaind] opaque [o'peik] major I'meidgaj reveal [ri'vi:l]

tam mi'kaemks] whereas [weor'aez] nickel ['mkl] no wonder [nou 'wAndo]

Ex. 2. Read the following word combinations:

electrical transmission lines; crystalline and amorphous state; important branches of technology; solid-state physics; a millionth of an inch; the discovery of electron; a sheet of metal; experimental investigation; crystalline solids; disor­dered way.

Ex. 3. Translate the sentences paying attention to the words in bold type:

Note: either — любой; также

either ... or — либо . . . либо

neither — ни один (из двух), никто; также не

neither . . , nor — ни ... ни

both — оба

both . . . and — как . . . так и

1. Either of these substances can be used in this analysis. 2. Homogeneous materials may be classified either into com­pounds and elements or into solutions. 3. Both substances were examined before solving. 4. Neither weak acids nor weak bases could react with aluminium hydroxide to produce salts. 5. In his research work he could use neither of these techniques. 6. Both the volume and the shape of the crystal­line solid can be altered, but only by the application of con­siderable force. 7. A reversible decomposition of either kind is known as thermal dissociation. 8. The crystals deposited were neither colourless. 9. Hydroxide is itself very weak both as an acid and as a base. 10. Both substances were used in the reaction after their purification. 11. The molecules of a solid are also in motion, but they are limited both in the manner and range of movement. 12. I know the composition of this mixture neither.

Ex. 4, Translate the following sentences into Russian, mind the func­tions and meanings of “that’*, “those”:

1. In terms of crystal structure, isomorphism means that isomorphous substances form crystals with identical

space-lattices, and that units of one compound may replace those of another. 2. It should be mentioned that metals in solid state¹ are invariably crystalline. 3. Compounds that con­tain an ionic bond dissolve in water to form solutions. 4. The conduction of an electric current by a solution differs from that of an electric current by a metal. 5. These solids are more soluble than those taken before. 6. The freezing points of nonpolar substances are usually much lower than those of either ionic or polar substances. 7. Gases have no specific volume or shape but take the volume and shape of the vessel that contains them. 8. Such a process is typical for the phenom­enon known as vaporization, that is the phenomenon, in which numbers of molecules escape from the liquid and enter the vapour or gaseous state. 9. In liquids the force of attraction between the molecules is less than that in solids. 10. That this liquid can be evaporated to dryness there is no doubt.

8. Those substances that strongly resist the flow of current are termed insulators. 12. So we can say that the capacity of the second sphere is twice that of the first one.