- •Э. И. Серебренникова, и. Е. Кругликова
- •Учебное издание Эмма Исааковна Серебренникова Ирма Евгеньевна Круглякова
- •There is a good library in our Institute.
- •For a term of four years — сроком на четыре года
- •To achieve an outstanding record — достичь выдающегося успеха
- •To hold one of the leading places — занимать одно из первых мест text. The soviet union
- •2. The Degrees of Comparison.
- •Volume ['voljum] monument ['monjumant] motor vehicle I'mouta 'viukl]
- •Text. Moscow
- •Notes on the Text
- •Some Facts about Chemistry
- •Notes on the Text
- •Notes on the Text
- •Notes on the Text
- •Notes on the Text
- •Mass-produced materials — изделия массового производства
- •2. Revision oi the Passive Voice. Text: Laboratory.
- •Ventilating hood ['ventileitig £hud]
- •Notes on the Text
- •Fig. 1. Preparation of hydrogen chloride.
- •Fig. 2. Laboratory apparatus for th& preparation of nitric acid.
- •Fig. 4, a new, simplified technique for catalytic combustion of organic materials in oxygen.
- •A New, Simplified Technique for Catalytic Combustion of Organic Materials in Oxygen
- •Notes on the Text
- •In order to — для того чтобы
- •That is (I. E.) — то есть
- •To take into account — принимать во внимание text. The measurements in chemistry
- •2. The Suffixes.
- •Notes on the Text
- •To call for — требовать; нуждаться
- •Half-life — период полураспада
- •To dispense with — обходиться без тв xt. Radioactivity
- •What did research-workers understand?
- •Iron rod subsequent heating, temporary alteration reversed
- •Notes on the Text
- •Nevertheless — тем не менее
- •Just as — также как
- •To result from — происходить, проистекать text. Chemical and physical changes
- •2. The use of that.
- •Notes on the Text
- •1 In contrast to — в противоположность 2. Any given sample — любой имеющийся образец 3 one and a half times — в полтора раза
- •Index of refraction — коэффициент преломления
- •10 Times larger — в 10 раз больше
- •Notes on the Text
- •In the case of uranium — если мы имеем дело с ураном (в случае с
- •Regular atoms — обычные атомы
- •To be of great significance — иметь большое значение
- •Radioactive and Stable Isotopes
- •Stable Isotopes
- •Grammar: 1. The Emphatic Construction. The use of for. Revision of the Participle. Text: Some Semiconducting Materials. Lesson 15
- •This semiconductor was used in this device by our research-workers.
- •Notes on the Text
- •Notes on the Text
- •1. In turn — в свою очередь
- •Iodine crystals
- •Conductivity
- •The Metallic Elements
- •Notes on the Text
- •Owing to the presence — благодаря присутствию
- •In terms of — на основании, исходя из...
- •Low and high humidity.
- •In brackets:
- •2. Either ... Or, neither . . . Nor. Text: Solid State.
- •Notes on the Text
- •In this respect — в этом отношении
- •A great deal of — много
- •The electrons in a metal proved thus to move freely — таким образом оказалось, что электроны в металле двигаются свободно
- •Notes on the Text
- •On a large scale в большом масштабе, количестве, широко
- •As late as the end of the 19th century — еще в конце XIX века
- •Text. The nature of polymeric materials
- •2. Review of the Subjunctive Mood. Text: Colloids and Colloidal Particles.
- •Notes on the Text
- •Text. Colloids and colloidal particles
- •Grammar: 1. The Infinitive forms and their functions. 2. Review of the Adverbs. Text: Man-Made Elements. Lesson 22
- •Notes on the Text
- •First of all — прежде всего
- •Energetic particle-accelerators — ускорители высоких энергий text. Man-made elements
- •Grammar: 1. The Objective Infinitive Construction. 2. The use of much. Text: Laser Light. Lesson 23
- •We knew that the delegation had arrived. 2. They learned that he had carried out the experiment by the end of the week. 3. They expected that he had passed his last exam well.
- •Notes on the Text
- •How Light is Analysed
- •Revision of the Perfect Tenses.
- •The use of few, a few, little, a little.
- •Notes on the Text
- •To put it another way — другими словами
- •In conjunction with — вместе, сообща text. The microbiological production of industrial chemicals
- •Notes on the Text
- •Text. The chemical elements essential to life
- •Text. Pollutson
- •Air Pollution
- •Water Pollution
- •Grammar: Review of the Absolute Participle Construction and the Subjective Infinitive Construction.
- •Text. Energy
- •Energy and Temperature
- •Grammar: 1. General review of the Infinitive. 2. Review of the ing-forms and Subjunctive Mood. Text: Some Facts about Quantum Mechanics. Lesson 33
- •Text. Some facts about quantum mechanics
- •Carbon Dioxide
- •Exercises for translating the passive voice
- •The modal verbs and their equivalents
- •The gerund
- •The infinitive
- •Whether
- •The participles
- •The infinitive
- •Suppleme nta r y rea ding the discovery of the nuclei atoms
- •Nuclear chemistry
- •Organometallic compounds
- •Photochemistry
- •The chemistry of polymers I
- •The carbon dioxide
- •Some facts about electrons and protons
- •The decay of the proton
- •The quantum theory and reality
- •Negative absol ute temperatures
- •What is viscosity?
- •A protein molecule as computer sensor
- •Electron theory
- •New chemistry of an old molecule
- •Is wrong.
- •Существительное (The Noun)
- •Падеж (The Case)
- •11 Англо-русский частотный словарь по химии и химической техно- логии/Под ред. Г. Б. Архипова и л. Эдед.— Изд-во вхту, внр, 1983.
- •1 Glue — клей
- •Notes on the Text
- •2. Review of that, those,
- •Notes on the Text
- •1. Not at all — вообще не, совсем не text. Nuclear fission
- •6X« t. Remember the following words:
- •8. The results obtained in attempting to prepare atoms of an atomic number higher than that of uranium.
- •Notes on the Text
- •A great deal of — много
- •...Is engaged in industry...— заняты в промышленности
- •The use of once.
- •Review of only, the only, for. Text: Helium.
- •In association with — в связи с
- •Except for — за исключением
- •To face the problem — встать перед проблемой, столкнуться с проблемой text. Helium
- •Notes on the Text
- •Text. Computer experiments in chemistry, electronic computers
- •Grammar: 1. Revision of the Infinitive Constructions.
In brackets:
1. The reaction will not take place, unless they (to add) a catalyst. 2. Provided you wanted to obtain pure nitrogen, you (to pass) gaseous ammonia over heated copper oxide.
If at ordinary temperatures molecules of a gas exhibit no attraction, Joule-Thompson effect (to be) not effective.
If a liquid had been cooled gradually, it (to reach) a tempe
rature at which crystals of the solid form (to begm^taappear.
Were this laboratory equipped well, it (to be) much easier to work in it. 6. Were the oxygen in the air reduced below,a certain percentage, it (not to support) combustion. 7. Unless iron is heated red-hot, it (not to absorb) any carbon. 8. If you took a little salt and examined the grains, you (to see) that most of them are perfect cubes. 9. Provided there were no air, the piece of paper and the piece of iron (to fall) together.
If one or more of the reacting substances were a weak electrolyte, the reaction (to involve) the dissociation of such substances into ions. 11. If the concentration of one of the ions involved is greater than the equivalent proportion, the concentration of the other (to be) less.
Ex. 22. Read the text and answer the questions that follow:
Dust in the air consists of solid particles of a number of substances so small that they do not readily settle. The presence of dust in the air is important in that dust particles serve as nuclei for the condensation of water vapour.
If there were no dust, the air would become supersaturated with water and clouds and rain would be formed. Moisture would condense directly on the surface of solid objects.
Dust also includes living organisms, some of them lead to disease and infection.
What does dust in the air consist^ of?
Why is the presence of dust in the air important?
What would happen if there were no dust in the air?
Ex. 23. Read the texts paying attention to the words in bold type:
1.
Air contains nearly constant proportions of three elementary substances, namely nitrogen — 75.4%, oxygen — 23.2% and argon — 1.2% by weight.
The relative proportion of water vapour in the air is usually stated in terms of relative humidity. The relative humidity affects hard the rate of the evaporation.
If the relative humidity were low, evaporation would occur rapidly. If the relative humidity were high, evaporation of water would occur slowly as the air is nearly saturated.
2.
The most important source of oxygen is the air. Air may be changed into a liquid both in the laboratory and at the plant.
If liquid air were boiled, nitrogen would escape from the solution readily and more rapidly than oxygen. By the use of many devices, most of the nitrogen may be boiled out.
Ex. 24. Listen to the tape-recorded text and discuss it:
The Earth is a solid sphere. It is made up of three layers, they being called the core, the mantle, and the crust. The solid sphere is surrounded by a gaseous sphere, which is called the atmosphere.
We know most about the crust of the Earth which is the outermost sphere. This layer is very thin compared with the diameter of the whole Earth. It consists of rock which contains a lot of minerals. These are usually in compounds called oxides, containing oxygen, or sulphides, containing sulphur.
The mantle is much thicker than the crust. It consists mainly of rocks. The core seems to be divided into two parts. We believe it to be mainly composed of iron, but it also contains about 10% nickel.
Ex. 25. Read and render the text:
Oxygen, nitrogen, argon, and a number of other elemental gases are now produced almost exclusively from air. Oxygen ranks very high among all chemical products. Nitrogen ranks a little lower, but still high. The total production of other gases from the air is small by comparison.
Dry air consists mostly of nitrogen (75.4% by volume), almost 23.2% oxygen, almost 1% argon, and 0.03% carbon dioxide.
Some gases usually found in trace amounts in the atmosphere. These gases sometimes result from the activities of man, but all of them are also produced naturally. For example methane, sometimes called “marsh gas”, is formed by decay brought about by anaerobic bacteria. Ozone comes from the action of solar ultraviolet radiation and of lightning on oxygen in our atmosphere. Nitrogen dioxide is formed from the spontaneous oxidation of nitric oxide, which in turn comes from the action of lightning on air.