13. Ознакомьтесь с дополнительными словами и выражениями:

puff [pʌf] - облако дыма

smother ['smʌðə] - гасить, тушить

foremostly['fɔːməustli] - главным образом

warfare ['wɔːfɛə] - война

troop [truːp] - отряд, группа людей войска, армия

bonfire ['bɔnfa(ɪ)ə] - костёр

be en-route [ɔn'ruːt] - быть в пути

atop [ə'tɔp] - на вершине

paddle ['pædl] - весло

blade [bleɪd] - лопасть

shutter ['ʃʌtə] - задвижка, заслонка

dot [dɔt] - точка

dash [dæʃ] – тире

stride [straɪd]- шаг вперёд, продвижение, прогресс

pioneering [paɪə'nɪə(r)ɪŋ] - новаторский, первопроходческий

Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) - телефонная коммутируемая сеть общего пользования

Internet Protocol = IP - протокол Internet, протокол IP протокол сетевого уровня, отвечающий за передачу и маршрутизацию сообщений между узлами Internet

peripherals - периферийное оборудование, устройство

14. Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста:

1. What visual signals have been in use since ancient times? 2. How was the communication with the help of fire organised? 3. What did the advent of electricity lead to in telecommunications? 4. The core of modern communication isn’t computer networks, is it? 5. What do the letters PSTN mean? 6. How is the globe connected today?

15. Найдите в тексте слова и выражения, эквивалентные следующим:

Древний; при условии, что...; зажигать костер; наверху, на вершине; система корабельных флагов; наступление (эпохи) электричества; космический корабль; копировать, симулировать; исследователь; домашний пользователь; у подножия.

16. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на русский язык:

Smoke signal; troop movement; Morse code; signal lamp; pioneering developments; computer hardware; peripherals; line telegraph; e-commerce; elearning.

17. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги:

1. Smoke signals were widely used … American Indians. … the same time, other visual signals have been … use … ancient times. 2. Relay fires were lit … succession and were an effective telecommuncations signal that travelled back …. several miles … a short period of time. 3. … the 20th century, telecommuncations reached … our planet. 4. Pictures of Neptune sent from the Voyager 2 spacecraft travelled … four billion kilometers … just a few hours. 5. Today people can see and hear what is happening … the other side of the world … real time.

18. Вставьте пропущенные слова:

flashing, signal, instructions, dashes, steady, acknowledge, relay, code

1. A communication relay is a station that … messages between various points, so as to facilitate communications between units. 2. The idea of flashing dots and … from a lantern was first put in to practice by Captain, later Vice Admiral, Philip Colomb in 1867. 3. His original… , which the Navy used for seven years, was not identical with Morse, but Morse code was eventually adopted with the addition of several special signals. 4. … lights were the second generation of signalling in the Royal Navy, after the flag signals. 5. In air traffic control towers, ... lamps are still used today, as a backup device in case of a complete failure of an aircraft's radio. 6. Light signals can be red, green or white, and … or flashing. 7. Messages are limited to a handful of basic … (e.g. "land", "stop" etc.); they are not intended to be used for transmitting messages in Morse code. 8. Aircraft can ... signals by rocking their wings or flashing their landing lights .