6. Supplementary reading. Discover the world with us

6.1. Read and translate the text. Text c: St. Sophia’s Cathedral

Saint Sophia’s Cathedral was constructed in 1017--1031 in honour of Prince Yaroslav the Wise's victory over the Pecheneg tribe. It was the main metropolitan church of Kyivan Rus'-Ukraine. Ceremonies to designate great events, public meet­ings and the writing of chronicles took place here. The first library in Kyivan Rus’ was located here. The cathedral bears a resemblance to Byzantine constructions, but there is no direct analogy. The original forms of the Romanesque style were preserved until the 17th centu­ry. The church facades were not plastered and were embellished with decorative ornaments and paintings. The interior reveals the harmonious union of mosaics and fresco paintings in a style similar to the Byzantine style. Religious and secular themes predom­inate. Of great value are some decorative works of the 11th century.

The interior of the cathedral is also embellished with fresco ornamentation, mosaic pavement, marble decorations, etc. The cathedral contained the tombs of the Grand Kyivan Princes. Yaroslav the Wise, Vsevolod, Rostyslav, and Volodymyr Monomakh were buried here (only the sarcophagus of Yaro­slav the Wise has been preserved).

After the Tatar-Mongol invasion of 1240, the cathedral gradually fell into ruins. In the 16th century Greek Catholic priests served Mass here. In the 1630s-1640s the Kyivan Metropolitan P. Mohyla founded a monastery in the cathedral. He engaged the Italian architect O. Mancini to work on its restoration. In 1685—1707 the cathedral was rebuilt in the Ukrainian Baroque style. A Baroque iconostasis was built in 1731—1747. St. Sophia's Cathedral is considered to be a masterpiece of world architecture.

6.2. Tell about other Ukrainian cities or towns and their curiosities.

7. Written task

Use the vocabulary of the texts A, B, C and your own experience to write about your country or the place where you live.

Follow the structure of any writing in the English language, it consists of three parts: introduction, main body which includes sub-headings and conclusion. In order to complete a writing task successfully you need to understand the task fully.Your discursive essay/composition should be argumentative.

Any writing should contain the following information:

- the type of task: e.g. report, essay etc.;

- the situation and target reader;

- the style of writing: e.g. formal for a report, informal for a friend etc;

- the subjects/topics to include: e.g. include details of…, suggesting ways to…, etc.

Reread a draft of your writing first and pay attention to the correct use of tenses, sequence of your thoughts, correct punctuation and spelling, appropriate use of vocabulary, an interesting plot with an unusual beginning and slightly surprising ending as well as to the variety of descriptive language and writing techniques.

Test five.

Grammar & Vocabulary

1. Circle the correct item. 1. You must ______ to the party. A coming C to come B come D to coming 2. His car is not _______ as mine. A modern C as modern B more modern D most modern 3. You'd better ________ it with Mrs Harris and find out the details. A discussing C to discuss B discuss D have discussed 4. I enjoy _________ to work in the morning. A walking C to walk B walk D be walking 5. She went on a diet _________ some weight. A losing C to lose B lose D having lost 6. I wanted _________ Laura before she left. A seeing C to see B see D to seeing 7. It's a pity Lisa couldn't come, I was looking forward _________ her. A meeting C to meet B meet D to meeting 8. We should let Gary _________ what time we are meeting. A knowing C to know B know B to knowing 9. Bob is very worried about _________ the exam before. A to failing C to fail B fail C having failed

10. There is no point in ________ angry He didn’t mean to annoy you. A getting C get B to get D got 11. What's the ________ boring film you've ever seen? A much C most B more D less 12. Steve is much ________ than Martin. A as strong C stronger B strong D strongest 13. He's late ________ usual. A much C so B like D as 14. ‘How long _________ Tony?’ ‘Since we were children. A did you know C do you know B you know D have you known 15. James _________ back by next Tuesday. A is C will be B has been D will have been 16. I haven’t been to the library _________. A yet C already B since D just 17. It's ________ than a week since I spoke to Jim. A for C more B the most D much 18. This bag is _________ in the supermarket. A big C the biggest B bigger D more bigger

2. Fill in the missing word She______ already learned to use the computer. He was really happy to know _______ Martin and Betty’s wedding. 3. Tony has ______working hard all day. 4. They ______ booked tickets before they went to the cinema. 5. Sam went to the local bank ______ get some money. 6. It’s much colder _______ it was yesterday. 7. By the time Jack finishes the race, he will have _______ running for two hours. 8. What day _______ it yesterday? 9. I like these shoes. I _______ buy them. 10. At two o’clock yesterday they _______ having lunch at work.

SUPPLEMENTARY PART

Appendix 1

PHONETICS REFERENCE SECTION