2. 3. Nouns: Singular and plural

Revision 1: Study the table below

Revision 2: Irregular nouns: from singular to plural

child – children,

one man – two men,

one woman – two women,

goose – geese,

tooth – teeth,

foot – feet,

ox – oxen,

mouse – mice,

one sheep – two sheep,

one deer –three deer

Help:

Preposition – прийменник

Noun - іменник

(In)definite – (не)означений

Singular – однина

Plural – множина

Tongue twister – скоромовка

Advice – порада /pieces of advice - поради

(Ir)regular – (не)правильні

2.4. Past Simple

Study grammar references then revisions.

Revision 1: Regular and irregular verbs

Important! Learn three forms of irregular verbs as be – was / were – been; begin – began – begun, etc. One of the best ways to learn them is to make up sentences as in the example:

Revision 2: Study the table of the English grammar tenses.

	Simple Tense (простий час)	Continuous (тривалий)	Perfect (здійснений)	Perfect-Continuous
Present (теперішній)	+I like it. ? Do you like it? - I don’t like it.	+He is reading now. ? Is he reading? - He is not reading.	+I have just done it. ? Have you done it? -I haven’t done it.	+ I have been waiting for you for an hour. ? Have you been waiting? - I haven’t been waiting.
Past (минулий)	+I liked it. ? Did you like it? -I didn’t like.	+I was reading. ? Were you reading? - I wasn’t reading.

Revision 3: Study the situations when the past simple tense is used.

An action that happened:

Important! As there are different tenses for present, past and future, time expressions help differentiate the tenses. Learn and use them in the right place.

Practice –Grammar in use

Task 1: Make up sentences in the past simple with each of the time expression.

Task 2: Translate into Ukrainian.

1. We didn’t see the film last week.

2. I didn’t work on Friday because I had a terrible headache.

3. He was absent yesterday.

4. His performance last Friday impressed the audience.

5. How did you spend your week-end?

6. Were you busy yesterday evening? I couldn’t find you anywhere.

7. I used to eat much junk food, now I don’t.

8. We used to play football every day when I was a teenager.

Task 3: Translate into English.

1. Де ви були вчора ввечері?

2. Вона не зрозуміла вас тоді.

3. Коли ви поступили в університет?

3. Вчора було холодно?

4. Вас не було вчора на роботі, ви були хворі?

5. Коли ви народилися?

Task 4: Read the verse for fun. How many tenses does it contain?

I have a dog,

I had a cat.

I’ve got a frog

Inside my hat.

2.5. Past Continuous

Revision 1: Study the table above and then grammar references.

Revision 2: Study the situations when the past continuous tense is used.

1. At nine o’clock yesterday morning I was watching a fantastic film: - a past action was in progress at a stated time.

2. I was watching TV when she called me: - one longer past action (past continuous) was interrupted by a shorter one (past simple.)

3. While (as, when) I was watching TV, my husband was cooking supper: - two or more simultaneous actions were happening at the same time.

4. Yesterday I woke up early. I looked through the window. The sun was shining. Children were playing in the yard. Birds were chirping. Suddenly somebody called me,.. - Background information (a scene) is given to create the atmosphere before telling a story which happened in the past.

Help:

Immediately – відразу

Used to - зазвичай, бувало

Alive – живий

Revise – повторювати

In progress – у розвитку

While – в той час як

Stated – призначений

Interrupt – перебивати

Simultaneous – одночасний

Background - фон

Practice – Grammar in use

Task 1: Make up sentences in the past continuous with each of the time expression.

Task 2: Translate a traveller’s tale into Ukrainian. Mind the situations where past continuous and past simple are used.

In the autumn of 1935, when I was a young man, I was travelling in India. One evening I was returning home. On my right there was a wide river; on my left, a thick dark forest. It was getting dark, and I was walking along a narrow path. Suddenly I saw two green eyes looking at me from among the trees. A man-eating tiger was getting ready to jump on me. What could I do? I looked to the right. In the river there was an immense crocodile waiting to welcome me with its mouth wide open. I was so frightened that I shut my eyes. I heard branches moving as the tiger jumped. I opened my eyes. The tiger jumped right over me and was now in the jaws of the crocodile.

Help:

Narrow path – вузька стежка

Immense – величезний

Frightened – наляканий

Branch – гілка

Jaw - щелепа