- •Table of contents
- •Introduction
- •Theme 1 communication
- •1. Communication Structure. How do people communicate?
- •2. Objectives of communication
- •3. Communication skills
- •4. Channels of communication
- •5. Barriers to Communication
- •6. Success in communication
- •Please engage brain before opening mouth
- •7. Basic forms of communication
- •Verbal Communication
- •8. Communication spheres of translators
- •Reader Theme 2. Intercultural communication
- •1. Culture of communication
- •2. Intercultural communication
- •3. Translators in Cross-Cultural Communication
- •4. Culture and entertainment
- •Theme 3
- •Verbal communication
- •1. Verbal Communication
- •Verbal languages
- •2. Culture of verbal communication
- •Verbal Etiquette
- •3. Semantic and social nature of language
- •Introductions
- •3. Verbal Activities
- •Theme 4 telephoning
- •Introduction. Nowadays, even with e-mail and the Internet, the telephone is still the most common means of communication in business. Telephone is very important in modern business operations.
- •Words are missed
- •Words are misheard
- •The message is misunderstood.
- •Reader. Theme 5. Non-verbal communication
- •4.1. Introduction
- •4.2. Classification of non-verbal communication
- •4.3. Intercultural differences in non-verbal communication
- •4.4. Visiting another country
- •4.5. Professional skills of translators
- •Theme 6 Applying for a job
- •1. Introduction
- •2. The application itself
- •If possible make a photocopy of the blank form before you start. Use this to make a rough copy and then you can be sure that the final version is laid out as neatly as possible.
- •3. Interview
- •4. Translator in a job interview
- •Information to bring to an interview:
- •5. Cross-cultural interviews
- •6. Job interviews in the usa compared with other cultures
- •Reader. Theme 7
- •Interpersonal communication at work
- •1. Interpersonal Communication
- •2. Interpersonal skills
- •3. Communication climate
- •4. Relations and Processes in Workplace
- •5. People in the Office Environment
- •Reader. Theme 8. Meetings
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Types of meetings
- •3. Meeting procedure
- •Place a watch or clock in a prominent position so you are able to keep an eye on the time.
- •4. Chairing meetings
- •5. Duties of members (attendees, participants) at a meeting
- •6. Teleconferencing
- •7. International meetings
- •8. Business etiquette of the translator
- •8. Vocabulary. Meetings
- •Writing an agenda
- •An example of formal minutes
- •Reader Theme 9. Negotiations
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Types of negotiations
- •3. Stages in negotiation
- •4. Cross-cultural negotiations
- •1. The basis of the relationship
- •2. Information at negotiations
- •3. Negotiation styles
- •5. Grammar of diplomacy in negotiations
- •10 Being open to negotiation. The -ing forms.
- •12. Verbs patterns with recommend / suggest /advise
- •Reader. Unit 10. Presentation
- •1. Public communication
- •2. Presentation
- •Translator and presentation
- •3. From the life of famous orators
- •4. Preparation to presentation
- •5. Delivering a presentation
- •6. Language.
- •6. Public Communication in different cultures
- •7. Presentation language
Theme 3
Verbal communication
Culture of communication includes culture of verbal and non-verbal communication. Culture of verbal communication assumes the choice of language means for the human activities in certain communicative situations.
1. Verbal Communication
Verbal communication is when we communicate our message verbally to whoever is receiving the message.
Verbal communication is communication by means of Language, using words with their meanings. Language is the main means of human communication; it provides for verbal сommunication.
A language is a system (code) of signals (voice sounds, gestures or written symbols) which communicate thoughts or feelings. Human spoken and written languages can be described as a system of symbols (lexemes) and the grammars (rules) by which the symbols are manipulated.
If you want to communicate a message verbally, you need words. Words are symbols, or verbal signals, that represent things and ideas. In the English language, we have 750,000 words, although most of us recognize only about 20,000 of them. To create a thought, we arrange the words according to the rules of grammar, putting the various parts of speech in the proper sequence.
We use a multitude of verbal signals. The words we use, our accent, tone, volume, speech errors all give information about us. More information we get from the structure of sentences, the use of repetition, the linking of thoughts and ideas, the variety of words used.
Language plays an important role in cross-cultural interaction, since it is a keeper and an exponent of national culture. Language is an effective tool of cross-cultural communication as a translator of national-cultural identity of nations.
Verbal languages
Verbal languages are the most important code used for communication, and words are the bricks of such languages.
Language is a basic tool of life, both for us as individuals and for the society we live in. It helps to hold together nations, races and cultures, and to make them different from others. It has political, class and sexist dimensions. The language we speak and the way we speak it indicates much about our place of origin, education, social background, profession, and possibly about our religion, intelligence and interests.
The better we can use language, the better we are able to communicate. The effective use of language involves knowledge of its words (including how they are spelt) and of the way they combine together, or what is called the grammatical structure or syntax of the language.
Language skills are partly general, and partly specific to the four separate areas of reading, writing, speaking and listening. Someone may, for example, have no skill whatever in the Chinese language, while in French he has good reading, moderate writing and speaking, and poor listening skill.
Communication in more than one verbal language is an increasingly important skill. English speakers have the advantage of knowing the most used language in the world today.
A particular instance of verbal communication is called a speech act. Speech acts confer knowledge and experiences, give advice and commands, express greetings and introductions, and ask questions. A speech act is typically used in the dialogue. The dialogue is a form of communication where both the parties are involved in sending information.
Content: Communication includes acts that declare knowledge or experience, give advice and commands, and ask questions.