- •Table of contents
- •Introduction
- •Theme 1 communication
- •1. Communication Structure. How do people communicate?
- •2. Objectives of communication
- •3. Communication skills
- •4. Channels of communication
- •5. Barriers to Communication
- •6. Success in communication
- •Please engage brain before opening mouth
- •7. Basic forms of communication
- •Verbal Communication
- •8. Communication spheres of translators
- •Reader Theme 2. Intercultural communication
- •1. Culture of communication
- •2. Intercultural communication
- •3. Translators in Cross-Cultural Communication
- •4. Culture and entertainment
- •Theme 3
- •Verbal communication
- •1. Verbal Communication
- •Verbal languages
- •2. Culture of verbal communication
- •Verbal Etiquette
- •3. Semantic and social nature of language
- •Introductions
- •3. Verbal Activities
- •Theme 4 telephoning
- •Introduction. Nowadays, even with e-mail and the Internet, the telephone is still the most common means of communication in business. Telephone is very important in modern business operations.
- •Words are missed
- •Words are misheard
- •The message is misunderstood.
- •Reader. Theme 5. Non-verbal communication
- •4.1. Introduction
- •4.2. Classification of non-verbal communication
- •4.3. Intercultural differences in non-verbal communication
- •4.4. Visiting another country
- •4.5. Professional skills of translators
- •Theme 6 Applying for a job
- •1. Introduction
- •2. The application itself
- •If possible make a photocopy of the blank form before you start. Use this to make a rough copy and then you can be sure that the final version is laid out as neatly as possible.
- •3. Interview
- •4. Translator in a job interview
- •Information to bring to an interview:
- •5. Cross-cultural interviews
- •6. Job interviews in the usa compared with other cultures
- •Reader. Theme 7
- •Interpersonal communication at work
- •1. Interpersonal Communication
- •2. Interpersonal skills
- •3. Communication climate
- •4. Relations and Processes in Workplace
- •5. People in the Office Environment
- •Reader. Theme 8. Meetings
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Types of meetings
- •3. Meeting procedure
- •Place a watch or clock in a prominent position so you are able to keep an eye on the time.
- •4. Chairing meetings
- •5. Duties of members (attendees, participants) at a meeting
- •6. Teleconferencing
- •7. International meetings
- •8. Business etiquette of the translator
- •8. Vocabulary. Meetings
- •Writing an agenda
- •An example of formal minutes
- •Reader Theme 9. Negotiations
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Types of negotiations
- •3. Stages in negotiation
- •4. Cross-cultural negotiations
- •1. The basis of the relationship
- •2. Information at negotiations
- •3. Negotiation styles
- •5. Grammar of diplomacy in negotiations
- •10 Being open to negotiation. The -ing forms.
- •12. Verbs patterns with recommend / suggest /advise
- •Reader. Unit 10. Presentation
- •1. Public communication
- •2. Presentation
- •Translator and presentation
- •3. From the life of famous orators
- •4. Preparation to presentation
- •5. Delivering a presentation
- •6. Language.
- •6. Public Communication in different cultures
- •7. Presentation language
8. Business etiquette of the translator
The multiple contacts with representatives of the foreign countries become everyday practice.
Very often, international commercial negotiations can run without participation of a translator, particularly if it is required to use the commonly spread language – English, French, German.
However, When it is necessary to work out carefully each item of the agreement, where an inexact word or expression can bring about incidental loss to / of one or both parties, to wrong or even illegal …. Reception or use the profit and other problems, it is better not to risk and прибегнуть to the services of the translator.
As a rule, each of the parties participating in negotiations has a group of its translators. In business and negotiations translator find himself in a unique position/ On the one hand, his services are necessary, but ….
8. Vocabulary. Meetings
Agenda and minutes
Agenda is a written list of issues to be discussed at a meeting. It also indicates the order of business items. The agenda should be short, simple, and clear. Follow the agenda closely during the meeting.
You draw up an agenda when you prepare it. The things listed are called points or items. You use AOB (any other business) to refer to things that aren't on the agenda and that are discussed at the end of a meeting.
Ken has drawn up the agenda - there are only five items, so it should be quite quick.
'Do we have any other business?' – 'Yes. I'd like to talk about the venue for our away day.'
Minutes are a written summary of a meeting. The basic function is to record decisions made and summarize who is to do what by when.
You take minutes when you write notes during a meeting. After the meeting you write up the minutes when you write your notes in a form other people will be able to read. You decide on action points when you give people different tasks to carry out after a meeting. You circulate the agenda before a meeting and the minutes after a meeting.
Jen is taking minutes and will circulate them tomorrow.
Verbs. You meet someone or have a meeting with someone. In American English and in spoken British English you will probably hear people say meet with.
I'm having a meeting with the Managing Director later today. I met (with) the new designer yesterday.
You set up a meeting when you organize the date and time. You hold (have) a meeting at a particular time and place. You attend a meeting if you go to it and you miss it if you don't.
You send apologies to say that you're sorry that you can't attend a meeting. You chair a meeting if you're the person in charge of it. The person who chairs a meeting is called the chair or chairperson. You close a meeting when you say that it's over.
Prepositions. A meeting is on/about a particular subject, e.g. a meeting on/about training new staff.
You use at + time to say when a meeting is; you use in + place to say where a meeting is; you use go/run over time or the meeting overran to say a meeting was longer than planned; you use in time to mean 'early enough' and on time to mean 'at exactly the right time.'
We finished the meeting on time. (at the scheduled time)
We finished the meeting in time to send out the new schedule. (Early enough to send out the new schedule)
The meeting overran so I was late for the next one. (It went on longer than planned.)
Frequency. You add -ly to week/fortnight/month to mean 'every week/fortnight/month'.
We have a weekly production meeting.
Appendix 1