Word-building
Ex. 1. Familiarize yourself with the following material:
Prefixes and term-elements:
un- (no)
known відомий – unknown невідомий
important важливий – unimportant неважливий
Ex. 2. Read and translate the following words:
Unknown; unimportant; uncomfortable; unpleasant; undress; unwanted; unborn; unusual; unused.
Grammar:
Ex. 3. Familiarize yourself with the data of the following table:
GERUND CONSTRUCTION
NOUN (or) PRONOUN (Possessive Case) |
GERUND |
|
Doctor’s |
my his |
Indefinite (Active): V+ -ing (working; writing) |
Students’ |
her its |
Indefinite (Passive): being + V3 (being worked; being written) |
|
our your |
Perfect (Active): having + V3 (having worked; having written) |
|
their |
Perfect (Passive): having + been + V3 (having been worked; having been written) |
На початку речення герундіальний комплекс|зворот,оберт| перекладається|перекладає,переказує| підрядним реченням із сполучниками|реченням| "те, що"; "в тому, що": This| doctor’s| knowing| English| well| helps| him| in| the| work|. – Те, що цей лікар|лікарка| добре знає англійський, допомагає йому в роботі.
Після присудка герундіальний комплекс|зворот,оберт| перекладається підрядним реченням|реченням| із|із| сполучником "що": We know of his having performed on this operation well. – Ми знаємо, що він добре провів операцію.
Ex. 4. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to Gerund Constructions:
1. I remember his brother taking medicinal herbs to prevent upper respiratory tract infections. 2. He does not like her using herbs without doctor’s advice. 3. They heard of bronchial infection’s having depended on many factors. 4. We know of immunologic factors' being a cause of his disease. 5. The infertility's being the problem for many partners is known to everybody. 6. His having been sent to the regional hospital is unexpected for us. 7. They informed of the infectious disease's having led to chronic pneumonia.
Reading and developing speaking skills
Ex. 5. Read VOCABULARY and memorize the following words.
Ex. 6. Compose 2-3- sentences using the words of VOCABULARY.
Ex. 7. Insert the missing letters:
Notif_; ste_p; gri_d; oi_tment; evap_rate; es_ential oil; de_oction; cr_de drug; he_b.
Ex. 8. Read and translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:
Simmer; ointment; purge; crude drug; distil; utilize; seed; retard; bark; decoction; grind; evaporate; steep; currently; tincture; powdered; soak; salve.
Ex. 9. Read the following text: medicinal herbs
Medicinal herbs have been used for centuries to treat everything from depression to high blood pressure and cancer. Herbs have been the principals if not the only medicines used in many countries. Recently doctors and other medical professionals have started realizing the importance of these medicinal herbs and their potential for treating and curing a wide variety of ailments as an alternative to pharmaceutical drugs and medications.
Medicinal herbs covering a wide range of types of plants are well known to everybody. The parts of the plants used for medicine may be their leaves, flowers, roots, seeds or bark.
Herbs are the source of pharmacologically active substances that effect the living organism. Dr. Varro Tyler, Professor of Pharmacognosy at the Purdue University School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences, defines herbs as “crude drugs of vegetable origin utilized for tretment of states,
M |
often of chronic nature, or to maintain a condition of improved health.” The early Romans and ancient Egyptians and Indians used herbs for many medicinal purposes. Modern medicine investigates the benefits of herbs through Pharmacognosy – a study of crude forms of plant, animal and mineral medicines. Medicinal herbs strengthen an organ so that it can heal itself. Some medicinal herbs purge the body of toxins and illnesses, while others build up the immune system, which will help in retarding illness. There are many ways in which herbs can be prepared to be used to medicinal purposes: Compress Soak a cloth in a cool herb solution, then apply directly to the injured area. |
edicinal
Herbs
Decoction
Make a tea from the root, seed, berry, or bark of the herb plant. Simmer the tea, do not boil.
Essential Oils
Oils are distilled from plants. Usually they are mixed with vegetable oil or water and used as an inhalant or tea. Also, they may be used as eyewash, earwash, mouthwash, or used externally for massage, and to treat cuts and abrasions.
Extracts
Place the herbs in a solvent and soak, allowing the solution to evaporate. This solution is the most effective form of using herbs. The herb extracts are very beneficial in healing. They may be added to juices.
Ointment
It is a powdered form of an herb added to a salve.
Powder
The useful part of a herb is ground into a powder and is also used in capsule or tablet form. Capsules and tablets are generally used for certain disorders and should be used no longer than six months.
Syrup
A herb or herbs are added to a form of sugar and then boiled.
Tincture
Usually, most tinctures contain about 20-50% alcohol. Powdered herbs are added to a water/alcohol solution. Tinctures keep for a long period of time and should only be used if severely ill.
Tea
To prepare herb tea, use approximately one to three teaspoons of herbs per cup of boiling water. Leave herbs to steep for at least five minutes, but don't leave for longer than ten minutes. The potency of the herb is destroyed by light. Mild teas may be used daily as tonics and for general health and well-being. Herb teas, usually, may be used over long periods of time.
Before starting any course of medicinal herbs, notify your doctor because they may interact with any medicines you are currently taking.
Ex. 10. Translate the following words and word-combinations into English:
Мазь; лікарська сировина; насіння; уповільнювати|сповільняти,сповільнювати|, затримувати; кора; використовувати, вживати|використовувати|; очищати; лікувальний відвар, відвар з|із| лікарських рослин, декокт|; варити, не доводячи до кипіння; випаровуватися; порошкоподібний; цілюща мазь; молоти(ся|ся|), розтирати (у порошок); затримувати; зараз, в даний час|нині|.
Ex. 11. Translate the text “Medicinal Herbs” into Ukrainian.
Ex. 12. Insert the missing words:
1. Medicinal _ have been used for centuries to treat different diseases. 2. Herbs have been the principal _ used in many countries. 3. The parts of the plants used for medicine may be their leaves, flowers, roots, _ or _. 4. Herbs are the source of pharmacologically active substances that effect the _ organism. 5. There are many ways in which herbs can be prepared to be used to medicinal purposes: compress, _, essential oil, extract, _, powder, syrup, _, and tea.
Ex. 13. Answer the following questions:
1. How long have medicinal herbs been used? 2. What parts of the plants are used for medicine? 3. What is medicinal herb? 4. In what cases are medicinal herbs used? 5. What are the ways in which medicinal herbs can be prepared?
Ex. 14. Write out key words of the text “Medicinal Herbs”.
Ex. 15. Speak on the medicinal herbs and the ways in which they can be prepared to be used to medicinal purposes.
Ex. 16. Read and translate the names of the following disorders and illnesses:
Depression; cancer; influenza; cold; respiratory infection; urogenital infection; bronchial infection; sinusitis; skin inflammation; mouth ulcer; gingivitis; stomatitis; dyspepsia; intestinal colic; gastritis; enteritis; indigestion; stomach ulcer; toothache; hysteria.
Ex. 17. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:
Habitat; cordial; myrrh; peppermint; camomile; caraway; sage; clove; spastic; possess; enhance; strengthen.
Ex. 18. Translate the following words and word-combinations into English:
Природне середовище|середа|; рана; укріплювати|зміцнювати|, покращувати; мірра|мирра| (ароматична смола); перцева м'ята; запалення шкіри; нудота; спастичний, спазматичний; розлад травлення, диспепсія; ентерит, запалення тонких кишок; ромашка; шавлія; гвоздика; тмин|кмин|; мати, володіти, розташовувати; зміцнювати|зміцнювати| тканини порожнини рота; стимулюючі ліки або напій; істерія.
Ex. 19. Read and translate the following text: