Text 12
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Standard platinum resistance thermometer ipts
The Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer is intended for reproduction and transfer of the International Practical Temperature Scale (IPTS) over the range from- 182.97 to 630°C.
The main component of the thermometer is a sensitive element made as a platinum wire spiral ( = 0.003927 1/deg.) 0.1 mm in diameter wound over helicoidal folded quartz frame.
The frame represents a thin (0.4 — 0.5 mm), wide helicoidally folded quartz plate. Two small platinum wires are welded to the ends of the sensitive element; they are of 10 mm long, and rigidly fixed to the frame. Two platinum wire terminals, 0.4 —0.5 mm dia., are welded to each of this wires. To insulate the wires from each other, quartz capillaries are used. Along the thermometer terminals five aluminium oxide screen washers are fitted.The sensitive element with its terminals is enclosed in a 500 mm long sealed quartz flask filled with dry air. The thermometer has two red-copper terminals and an aluminium cap for equalizing their temperature. Rated resistance of the thermometer is 25 ohms.
Answer the following questions:
1. What is IPTS intended for?
2. What is the main component of the thermometer?
3. How are the wires insulated from each other?
Text 13
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Model 1044k valve voltmeter
The Valve Voltmeter contains all the parts necessary to build an extremely useful instrument. The comprehensive instruction book with numerous illustrations describes the step-by-step method of assembly, and the work is well within the capabilities of anyone who can use a soldering iron. To simplify the construction and to ensure stability, the voltmeter employs printed circuits.
The parts supplied are all of first-class quality and the circuit designs are in line with our experience in the manufacture and sale of electronic instruments extending over 20 years. The building of the voltmeter will not only be useful in giving to the user an insight into the circuits involved but will materially assist him in the intelligent employment of the valve voltmeter. The equipment will be found to be invaluable in Technical Colleges and in industry generally for a wide variety of uses.
Answer the questions:
What does the Valve Voltmeter contain?
What does the instruction book describe?
Does the Voltmeter employ printed circuits and what for?
Text 14
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Transistor receivers and energy transformers
Transistors and diods, based on semiconductors, have replaced radio valves and made it possible to develop radio receivers working on low-power currents. This has enabled designers to make much smaller radio-sets using less power. Our plants are producing now various types of transistor receivers. These include non-portable receivers, which are suitable for areas with no electricity supply. The portable "Spidola" transistor-set is convenient for home use, and for hikes and expeditions. Pocket transistor-sets have become very popular.
Transistor technology has opened up great opportunities for the direct conversion of solar thermal energy and of various fuels into electric power. Solar batteries consisting of silicon photocells are installed in sputniks and automatic interplanetary stations and give reliable service.
Answer the questions:
What are the transistors based on?
What have the transistors and diods replaced?
What was the use of it?
4. What opportunities has the transistor technology opened?