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The Author of “Tom Sawyer”

Mark Twain (pen name of Samuel Clemens) was born in 1835 in Florida, Missouri, and spent his boyhood in the town of Hannibal, Missouri. He worked in various towns as a newspaper man and printer until in 1857 became a Mississippi riverboat pilot. After two years on the river, Twain went to Nevada to seek his fortune. In 1865, the humorous stories that made him famous began appearing. After travelling widely, he settled down in Hartford, Connecticut. There he wrote the books which made his name known throughout the world -"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer". The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, ”The Prince and the Pauper”, "Life on the Mississippi", and many others. He died in 1910.

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Academician I.V. Kurchatov

The death of I. V. Kurchatov on February 7, I960 was a great loss to physics. As the director of the Atomic Energy Institute of the Academy of Sciences and an outstanding leader in atomic energy research, he played a leading part in the development of atomic energy in Russia. He received many honors from the Soviet Government for his work. He was a member of the Academy of Sciences and a deputy to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

I. V. Kurchatov was born in 1903 in Eastern Russia. In 1923 he graduated from the University of the Crimea and started research at the Leningrad Physical Technical Institute.

Kurchatov was the first to work out the mathematical theory of ferro-electricity. He summarized his investigations in a book published in 1933. In that same year he began to work in nuclear physics.

In 1938 he became the director of the Nuclear Physics Institute, where he conducted many investigations on nuclear reactions excited by neutrons.

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Trying to Melt Wood

One day John asked his father: "Father, why does a piece of wood not melt when it is put in the fire?" Mr. Robertson did not answer at once. Presently he took a mat­ch-box out of his pocket and struck a match.

"Look at it carefully, "he said to John. John looked and saw a "yellow flame". He saw that the burnt part of the match became black. When Mr. Robertson burnt half of the match, he blew the flame out. "Now you see, he said to John, "that half of the match is black and the other half is white wood. Now squeeze the black part between your fingers, "said Mr. Robertson.

John did so, and the black part turned to a sort of powder. "One can't squeeze wood into powder", said Mr. Robertson. "So you see that the black part is not wood. The fact is that wood is made of that black stuff and out of other things as well."

"Then wood is a sort of mixture of things, "said John.

"Yes, said Mr. Robertson, "we must know that most substances are mixtures. Coal is a mixture. So is leather. And mud, and stone, and salt, oh, ever so many things. But lead is not a mixture. Lead is just lead!"

“Is iron a mixture?” asked John.

“No, iron is not a mixture,” said Mr. Robertson. ”Nor is silver or gold, or copper”.