11. Retell the text. Topic: electromagnetic waves grammar: past continuous tense

1. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

converter	перетворювач, конвертор
opaque	непрозорий, непроникний
to pick up	підхоплювати
celestial bodies	небесні тіла
collisions of galaxies	зіткнення галактик
refinements	(тут) удосконалення
to transmit	передавати

2. Read and translate the text: Electromagnetic waves

Electronics is believed to be a rather young and a very promising science. It has become a powerful means of progress. Electronics has widened our vision and given us the chance to see the micro-world more clearly.

Electron-optical image converters using solid-state components penetrate deep into opaque² materials, convert invisible radiations to visible, and pick up light of negligible intensity. Radio-telescopes are known to collect and to focus the radio waves emitted by celestial bodies, revealing new facts about the universe. Of course, radio waves arc not the only carries of information in space.

Modern science knows many more media, which can be employed for this purpose. These are the infrared and ultra-violet radiations, X- and gamma rays, elementary particles and fields, etc. What role electronics play in space travel? Above all, it will give deeper insight into the properties of outer space. .

Radio is thought to help man to know more about the Sun's atmosphere of many planets, the location the speed of huge hydrogen clouds in space, and the processes accompanying the collisions of galaxies. Electronics is expected to enable the astronauts to locate their position in space.

Spaceships will be guided automatically just as planes arc controlled by robots today. Electronics is sure to give the space pilots easy control for soft landing on other planets. Collision-warning radars will operate automatic control if there is a danger of meteor hitting the spaceship. Before all this can be accomplished, however, many complicated problems will have to be solved. One problem is that of extending the range of radio communication in outer. With proper refinements, radio communication is likely to be set up over distances of 100 million kilometers or even more.

To ensure higher effectiveness of communication many thousands of scientific experiments were devoted to the investigations of these factors. All scientific achievements in the field of transmitting information over long distances being applied in the system of space communication, real possibilities are opened up for transmitting tremendous amount of information over distances of several hundred million kilometers.

Greater prospects for constructing even more effective systems for transmitting information in space expected to be opened with the application of methods and means of quantum electronics and especially of quantum generators.

3. Form the nouns from the following verbs:

To believe, to promise, to convert, to collect, to reveal, to travel, to help, to locate, to expect, to land, to complicate, to solve, to communicate, to ensure, to effect, to achieve, to transmit, to inform.

4. Arrange the following words according to the similar meaning:

a) several, big, hard, for example, to have, to pay attention, present-day, to write down, importance, enormous;

b) difficult, to possess, significance, a few, to give attention, modern, for instance, tremendous, to put down, large.

5. Arrange the following words according to the opposite meaning:

a) possible, significant, important, capable, rational, above, behind, into, over, before;

b) in front of, irrational, under, out of, unimportant, insignificant, incapable, after, impossible, below.

6. Answer the following questions:

1. What has electronics given to the humanity?

2. How does electro-optical image work?

3. What is the function of radio-telescope?

4. What role do electronics play in space travel?

5. Is possible for a space ship to be guided automatically?

6. How does collision-warming radar work?

7. Is it possible to set up radio communication in space?

7. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the tenses:

1. He was growing different kinds of fruit.

2. Before the War his work was being looked upon as useless.

3. The question about the new laboratory was been discussed at a special meeting.

4. We had been discussing the question for some time, when you came to the meeting.

5. Different kinds of fruit are being grown in the Polar zone.

6. By the fifth of March you will have been working in our shop for two years.

7. The work is just being finished.

8. Water containing harmful bacteria is boiled.

9. While the water is boiling all the bacteria die, as they cannot live in the boiling water. While the water is being boiled some of it is becoming steam.

10. Many new houses are built in our city.

11. A big house for the workers of our mill is built not from the mill.

12. The plan of the building was discussed several times.

13. Last time the plan of the building was discussing for several hours by the best architects of the city.

14. They discussed every detail of the building.

15. While they were discussing it, they changed some details.