Topic: states of matter and its molecular and atomic constitution grammar: future perfect tense

1. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

matter	-матерія
constitution	-будова
solid	-твердий
liquid	-рідкий
gaseous	-газоподібний
volume	-об’єм
small particles	-маленькі частки
molecules	-молекули
are made up of atoms	-складаються з атомів
to establish	-установлювати
atomic theory of the structure of matter	-атомна теорія структури матерії
invisible	-незримий, невидимий
on the head of a pin	-на кінці шпильки
space	-місце, простір
to leave over	-відкладати, залишати
extremely	-надзвичайно
to hold	-тримати, містити
tremendous force	-величезна сила
hidden in its tiny body	-захована в його крихітному тілі
atomic power stations	-атомні станції
ice-breaker	-льодокол
outer space	-відкритий космос
cosmic rays	-космічні промені
phenomena	-явище

2. Read and translate the text: States of matter and its molecular and atomic constitution

Matter can exist in three physical states, namely: solid, liquid or gaseous.

As a solid it has definite form and volume not easily changed by mechanical force. As a liquid it has no definite volume, but being fluid it takes the shape of its container. A gas has neither definite volume nor shape.

All matter – whether solid, liquid or gas – is made up of very small particles called molecules. Molecules in turn are made up of atoms, which are still smaller particles. The history of the atom goes back to the time of the Greek thinker Democritus. He thought that all substances were made up of tiny particles or atoms which could not be further divided.

It was at the beginning of the nineteenth century that the scientists first established experimentally the atomic theory of the structure of matter. They found that the simple forms of matter were chemical elements which consisted of atoms – invisible particles of very small size.

Then scientists discovered that the atom was further divisible and it was not the smallest thing in the world.

If people were the size of atoms, you could put all the people in the world on the head of a pin and you would still have space left over.

Because atoms are so very small their number must be extremely large. An atom holds a tremendous force hidden in its tiny body. That’s why an atom is so important in our life.

Atom helps us to get more and more power. During years a number of atomic power stations have been developed.

Scientists and engineers succeeded in building the first atomic ice – breaker in the world.

The atom helps us to fly through the vast outer space. Atomic energy is enabling scientists to study cosmic rays and other phenomena in outer space.