Unit 1 language learning and my future profession

1.1. Reading

Ex. 1. You are going to read an article about five young people who have each made a lot of money by setting up a business. For questions 1-15 choose from the people (A-E). The people may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer is required, they may be given in any order. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Which young person:

is carrying on a family tradition? 0 - C

found one part of the work hard at the beginning? 1 -

says that he/she prefers to be his/her own boss? 2-

is careful with money? 3 - 4 -

got financial help from an organization? 5-

says he/she does the work mostly for the money? 6 - 7 -

feels that further education would be a waste of time? 8 -

ignored advice that he/she was given? 9-

says he/she finds the work itself the main motivation? 10 -

has turned an initial disappointment to his/her advantage? 11 - 12 -

says he/she enjoys the creative side of the business most? 13 -

is willing to give up aspects of his/her social life for the business? 14 -

has received a prize in recognition of what he/she has achieved? 15 -

HOW TO GET RICH YOUNG

We asked five young people who have already made their fortunes in business to tell us the secret of their success.

A Justin Etzin (24)

It all began when Justin, then aged 16, tried to get into a nightclub and was turned away for being too young. “After that, I kept on at them until they let me organize an under-20s party,” he recalls. “They were expecting about 50 teenagers to turn up, but I’d found them 2000!’ Justin continued organizing parties during his school holidays and had made enough money by the age of 18 to buy himself a speedboat. Today, at 24, he has other business interests and a fortune of $2 million. But Justin’s not just in it for the financial rewards. “What gets me excited is coming up with new ideas,” he insists, “and at the end of the day, I’d rather be healthy than wealthy”.

B Lee Allen (20)

Lee set up a sports - coaching business when he was just 18. “Everyone warned me that it was a tough world and I wasn’t experienced enough to take the disappointments that lay ahead. But I felt confident in what I was doing, so I took no notice from them. My idea was to coach children with special needs and because nobody else was doing that, I got a grant and an office from Mencap, a charity which helps the mentally disabled. At first, the administrative side was a real struggle, but I managed it somehow. Last year, the company I set up won an award for being the most innovative new business in the country. That means more to me than any money I’ve made out of it.”

C Charlotte Crossley (18)

Charlotte first started up in business when she was 12 years old, making and selling things called “friendship bracelets.” She paid friends to make them, using her materials and designs. Since then, she’s expanded into make-up and hair accessories and was able to buy herself a brand new car last year. “My father and grandfather were both successful businessmen, so making money seemed natural to me. I am studying for A levels, but I have decided not to go to university because I don’t feel it has anything more to offer me. Work excites me more. I can work all day every day without a break and never get bored. I lead a hectic life – socializing, schoolwork and working. But why not? I feel like I can have it all.

D Thomas Jones (16)

Tom started playing with computer when he was five. By the time he was 12, he’d set up his own web page on the Internet and was selling advertising space. He now runs a profitable business from his bedroom at home, offering a complete Internet and technical support service. “I have always been fascinated by computers. I’m proud of what I’ve achieved. But what really keeps me going is the thought of all the cash I’m making. I think it’s worth giving up a few nights out in case there aren’t the same opportunities later. Our projected turnover for next year is $160.000, so the business is a huge investment”. Apart from buying himself a few treats, Tom mainly invests his money. “But I still intend to go to university, no matter how much I make, because in any business you need to keep up with new developments.”

E Louise Bagshawe (25)

Things haven’t always gone well for Louise. After she’d written her first book at the age of 23, a publisher took one look at it and advised her to tear it up and start again. “I was so upset by their reaction,” said Louise, that I bought a pile of very successful novels and read them from cover to cover to remind myself of my business aim. This was to write “popular books” that would earn me a fortune by working for myself, rather than earning peanuts working foe someone else.” The rewritten novel became the first of four “blockbusters” which have made Louise a millionaire. However, she does not splash her money around. “I’m saving up for a rainy day. Who knows what will happen in the future.”

Ex. 2. Read the following magazine article about e-mail and answer questions

1- 5. Indicate the letter A, B, C or D against the number of each question. Give only one answer to each question.

WHEN E-MAIL BECOMES E-NOUGH

The first person I came across who’d got the measure of e-mail was an American friend who was high up in a big corporation. Some years ago, when this method of communication first seeped into business life from academia, his company in New York and its satellites across the globe were among the first to get it. In the world’s great seats of learning, e-mail had for some years allowed researchers to share vital new jokes. And if there was cutting-edge wit to be had, there was no way my friend’s corporation would be without it.

One evening in New York, he was late for a drink we’d arranged. “Sorry,” he said, “I’ve been away and had to deal with 998 e-mails in my queue,” Wow,” I said, I’m really surprised you made it before midnight.” ‘It doesn’t really take that long,” he explained, “if you simply delete them all.”

True to form, he had developed a strategy before most of us had even heard of e-mail. If any information he was sent was sufficiently vital, his lack of response would ensure the sender rang him up. If the sender wasn’t important enough to have his private number, the communication couldn’t be sufficiently important. My friend is now even more senior in the same company, so the strategy must work, although these days, I don’t tend to send him many mails.

Almost every week now, there seems to be another report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by the torment of e-mail. But if this is the case, it’s only because we haven’t developed the same discrimination in dealing with e-mail as we do with post. Have you ever mistaken an important letter for a piece of unsolicited advertising and throw it out? Of course you haven’t. This is because of the obliging stupidity of 99 per cent of advertisers, who just can’t help making their mail shots look like the junk mail that they are. Junk e-mail looks equally unnecessary to read. Why anyone would feel the slightest compulsion to open the sort of thing entitled SPECIALOFFER@junk.com I cannot begin to understand. Even viruses, those sneaky messages that contain a bug which can corrupt your whole computer system, come helpfully labelled with packaging that shrieks’ danger, do not open.

Handling e-mail is an art. Firstly, you junk anything with an exclamation mark or string of capital letters, or from any address you don’t recognize or feel confident about. Secondly, while I can’t quite support my American friend’s radical policy, e-mails don’t all have to be answered. Because e-mailing is so easy, there’s a tendency for correspondence to carry on for ever, but it is permissible to end a strand of discussion by simply not discussing it any longer – or to accept a point of information by a colleague without acknowledging it.

Thirdly, a reply e-mail doesn’t have to be the same length as the original. We all have e-mail buddies who send long, chatty e-mails, which are nice to receive, but who then expect an equally long reply. Tough. The charm of e-mail can lie in the simple, suspended sentence, with total disregard to the formalities of the letter sent by post. You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a terse one-liner, like: “How distressing. I’m sure it will clear up.”

1. According to the writer, why did the company he mentions decide to adopt the e-mail system?

A So that employees contact academics more easily

B To avoid missing out on any amusing novelty

C Because it had been tried and tested in universities

D To cope with a vast amount of correspondence they received

2. The ‘strategy’ referred to in line 12 is a way of

A Ensuring that important matters are dealt with

B Prioritizing which messages to respond to

C Limiting e-mail correspondence to urgent matters

D Encouraging a more efficient use of e-mail

3. According to the write, what is causing the ‘torment of e-mail’ (line 19) described in the reports?

A The persistence of advertisers

B Problems caused by computer viruses

C The attitude of those receiving e-mails

D Lessons learnt from dealing with junk mail

4. In the sixth paragraph, which of the following pieces of advice is given?

A Forget about e-mails which do not intend to acknowledge.

B Use e-mail as a way of avoiding unnecessary conversations.

C Be prepared to break off overlong e-mail communications.

D Read your e-mails if you are not going to answer them.

5. According to the writer, what advantage does e-mail correspondence have over the traditional letter.

A It is more convenient to send.

B It causes fewer misunderstandings.

C It can be written in a less conversational style.

D It does not have the same time-consuming conventions.