Vocabulary

Trunk pipeline – магістральний газопровід

Gas Metering Station (GMS) – газовимірювальна станція

measuring – вимірювання

backup unit – дублюючий прилад

facilities – обладнання

interim – проміжний

accuracy – точність

pressure differential – перепад тискy

pump – закачувати

gas flow rate – витрата (витрачання) газу

vortex – вихор; вихровий

anticipate – передбачати

per annum – на рік

error – похибка

billion cubic metres (bcm) – мільйон кубічних метрів

entry monitoring station – вхідна станція контролю

precise metering instrumentation – прецизійні вимірювальні прилади (високої точності)

volumetric – об’ємний

property – якість; властивість

Assignments

1. Read and translate text 19 using the vocabulary.

2. Answer the following questions.

1.Where is the natural gas transported outside Ukraine measured?

2. What instrumentation are all gas metering stations equipped with?

3. What kind of metering complexes are used?

4. What program has NAFTOGAZ Company developed for implementation of the European approach to the natural gas flow rate measuring technology?

5. What can ensure the most accurate and true metering?

6. What kind of stations are anticipated to be installed for monitoring the volumes of imported and transit gas?

3. Speak on the ”Gas Metering Facilities”.

Text 20. Inogate Strategic Routes

INOGATE¹ is a dynamic cooperation programme for enhancing security of energy supply in the EU and Participating Countries in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia.

It is well-known that the European Union is greatly dependent on external energy supplies. It is also a well-known fact that since the collapse of the unified oil and gas systems of the former Soviet Union, the New Independent States (NIS) have been struggling to rehabilitate deteriorating oil and gas networks as well as attract investments for new energy transportation projects, which are vital for improving their economies and quality of life.

The EU and the countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia are natural energy partners with 40 % of the EU's gas

imports and over 20% of the EU's oil imports coming either from, or

through, the countries of the former Soviet Union. The issue of security of energy supply, true cooperation and dialogue between producer, transit and consumer countries is the key one for all parties involved.

In this respect the INOGATE Programme has an important role to play. The INOGATE Programme is aimed at regional integration of the pipeline systems and facilitate the transport of oil and gas both within

NIS region and towards the export markets of Europe, while at the same time acting as a catalyst for attracting private investors and international

financial institutions to these pipeline projects. Since it was put into operation 9 years ago, INOGATE has served as a platform for this co-operation and dialogue. It has won European-wide recognition of 21 Participating Countries, which have signed the INOGATE Agreement.

In the oil sector, increasing international concern is being expressed over the threat of maritime accidents and the ensuing significant environment damage caused by the resulting oil spills. Given the increasing density of the maritime traffic in the waters around the EU and in the enclosed Black Sea, it is of utmost importance to give a higher priority to considering, where economically and technically

feasible, the alternative of transporting oil by pipelines. This is considerably safer and more environmentally friendly. In this context,

the priority axes for crude oil pipelines, are as follows:

- to upgrade and enhance the whole Druzhba pipeline, in particular across northern Europe to increase maritime oil transportation in the Baltic Sea, and reverse the Adria pipeline in Croatia and Hungary;

- to extend the Odesa-Brody pipeline to Plock to link into either the Druzhba route or the existing line to the Polish Baltic Sea port of Gdansk;

- to build a Constanta-Omisalj-Trieste pipeline, linking Romanian port of Constanta across to Omisalj in Croatia on to Trieste, Italy and supply oil to the countries transited;

- to build a Burgas-Alexandroupolis pipeline, linking the Bulgarian Black Sea port of Burgas with the Greek Mediterranean port of Alexandroupolis. The construction of this pipeline would reduce the increasing pressure of maritime oil transport through the Bosphorus.

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1. INOGATE – Interstate oil and gas transfer to Europe