Vocabulary

B.C. – before Christ (the birth of) – до нашої ери, до різдва Христова

resinous – смолистий

vitreous – склоподібний, скляний

repel – відштовхувати

friction – тертя

penetrate – проникати, проходити крізь

Assignments

1. Read and translate text 2 using the vocabulary.

2. Answer the following questions.

1. What does static electricity refer to?

2. What did the word ‘electricity’ come from?

3. How was electricity discovered?

4. What was the earliest name of electricity?

3. Give examples of static electricity.

Text 3. Circuit Experiment

As a boy, Thomas Edison built a small laboratory in his cellar. His early experiments helped develop a very inquisitive mind. His whole life was spent thinking about how things work and dreaming up new inventions. The light bulb and movie projector are just two of dozens of inventions.

You can build a very simple electrical circuit similar to what Edison may have crafted as a boy. And you can find out what happens when a circuit is ‘open’ compared with when it’s ‘closed’.

Here’s what you need:

1. Penlight bulb;

2. Flashlight battery;

3. Two pieces of insulated wire (any kind will work);

4. Tape to keep the wire on the end of the battery;

5. A small piece of thin flat metal to make a ‘switch’;

6. Small block of wood.

Here’s what to do:

1. To make a switch:

- Take the block of wood and stick one thumb tack in;

- Push the other thumb tack through the thin piece of flat metal;

- Push the thumb tack into the wood so that the piece of metal can touch the other thumb tack.

2. Connect the first piece of wire to a thumbtack on the switch.

3. Place the light bulb in the centre of this wire piece.

4. Tape the end of the first piece of wire to one end of the battery.

5. Tape your second piece of wire to the opposite end of the battery.

6. Attach the end of your second piece of wire to the remaining thumb tack on the switch.

You’ve created an electrical circuit.

Vocabulary

Craft – майструвати

penlight bulb – електрична лампа з гальванічним елементом

flashlight battery – батарейка ліхтаря

thumbtack – кнопка

tape – зв’язувати шнуром (тасьмою)

Assignments

1. Read and translate text 3 using the vocabulary.

2. Answer the following questions.

1. Who was the first to invent a light bulb?

2. What other Edison’s inventions do you know?

3. When is a circuit ‘open’ or ‘closed’?

4. What happens when a circuit is ‘open’ or ‘closed’?

5. How can we build a simple electrical circuit?

3. Speak on the way an electrical circuit can be created.

Text 4. Lviv Insulator Company

Lviv Insulator Company was founded in 2002 by reorganization of Lviv Insulator Plant – the world known manufacturer of glass insulators. This fact provided a successful combination of long-term experience of manufacturing various types of insulators and modern organization of management.

Production of high-voltage glass insulators of annealed and hardened glass was launched at the Lviv Insulator Plant in 1965. During 40 years more than 260 million insulators have been produced here. Most of them are successfully used on the electric transmission lines from 0,4 kV to 1150 kV in more than 35 countries of the world. This is an indisputable proof of their quality and reliability.

Today the Lviv Insulator Company produces suspension and pin glass insulators as well as a group of line and fix polymeric insulators.

Linear suspension glass high-voltage insulators are designed for insulating and fixing wires, lightning-arrester cables of overhead electric transmission lines, in devices of power stations and substations of high voltage alternating current and direct current (AC/DC), operating at atmospheric and ambient temperatures of -60^o C to +50^o C.

Pin glass insulators are designed for insulation and fixing wires on power transmission towers, in devices of power stations and substations of alternating current, of 1 through 35 kV operating at the ambient temperature of -60^o C to +50^o C.

The advantages of the glass insulators in comparison with those of porcelain:

• raw materials used for manufacturing glass insulators have the components that are used for porcelain insulators manufacture;

• the glass insulators dimensions are 20-30% less with the same normative electric characteristic and their weight is 30-40% less;

• electromechanical performance of hardened glass is higher than those of porcelain. It allows producing insulators with required mechanical strength.

Glass insulators manufacturing for electric transmission lines meet the International Standards.