Text 9. Oil Transportation System of Ukraine

In addition to gas transmission, Ukraine has a developed oil transport system. With a total length of 4,700 km, the system is activated by 28 oil pumping stations. The tank farm capacity is over 1 million cubic metres. The annual input capacity of the system is 114 million tons, and the output capacity is about million tons.

Via Ukraine’s trunk oil pipelines crude oil is delivered from Russia and Kazakhstan to Ukrainian refineries and is also exported to Central and Western European countries.

In Ukraine crude oil is transported by the Ukrtransnafta Open Joint-Stock Company, which is a subsidiary of NJSC Naftogaz of Ukraine. The Ukrtransnafta has two enterprises operating within its structure – Prydniprovski Magistralni Naftoprovody (South-Eastern region of Ukraine) and Magistralni Naftoprovody Druzhba (operating in the North-Western region of Ukraine), as well as Odesa – Brody oil pipeline, and marine oil terminal Pivdennyi.

One of the most promising projects of transportation of the Caspian oil to the European continent is the project of construction of the Europe – Asia Oil Transport Corridor via the territory of Ukraine

The prospects for the Ukrainian oil transportation system development are first of all associated with the functioning of the Odesa – Brody pipeline and the Pivdennyi marine oil terminal near Odesa which were commissioned in 2004.

The design capacity of the first stage of this pipeline system connecting the Druzhba oil pipelines and the Prydniprovski oil main pipelines is 9 – 14 million tons per year.

It is known that today the countries of the Caspian region are only entering the stage of oil production active growth and cannot satisfy the demands of this route. That’s why Ukraine took advantage of this market conditions and accepted the proposal of TNK-BP company for reverse use of the oil pipeline in the direction of Brody – Odesa – Pivdennyi terminal. This decision has opened up new possibilities to increase oil transit through the territory of Ukraine and filled the new pipeline with oil.

Exercise 110. Translate the following universal words without a dictionary.

Million, cubic, metre, ton, system, company, structure, region, continent, project, corridor, territory, active, transit, prospect, design.

Exercise 111. Determine the parts of speech of the following words and translate them. Define the affixes, if any.

In addition to, transport, transportation, transported, via, most, promising, operating, within, development, developed, first of all, functioning, commissioned, satisfy, near, production, annual, through.

Exercise 112. Match the English terms in the left column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right column.

1. oil transport system 2. oil pumping station 3. tank farm capacity 4. input capacity 5. trunk oil pipeline 6. refinery 7. output capacity

a) ємність резервуарного парку b) пропускна спроможність на вході c) нафтопереробний завод d) пропускна спроможність на виході e) система нафтопроводів f) магістральний нафтопровід g) нафтоперекачувальна станція

Exercise 113. Translate and comment upon the following grammar forms.

Is delivered; is exported; are associated; were commissioned; connects; is known; are entering; cannot satisfy; took advantage; accepted; has opened up; to increase; filled; is transported; is activated.

Exercise 114. Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct Active or Passive tense forms.

1. The system (activate) by 28 oil pumping stations. 2. Via Ukraine’s trunk oil pipelines crude oil (deliver) from Russia and Kazakhstan to Ukrainian refineries and (export) to Central and Western European countries. 3. In Ukraine crude oil (transport) by Ukrtransnafta Open Joint-Stock Companny. 4. The Odesa-Brody pipeline and the Pivdennyi marine oil terminal near Odesa (commission) in 2004. 5. The first stage of this pipeline system (connect) the Druzhba oil pipelines and the Prydniprovski oil main pipelines. 6. It is known that today the countries of the Caspian region only (enter) the stage of oil production active growth. 7. Ukraine (accept) the proposal of TNK-BP company for reverse use of the oil pipeline. 8. This decision (open) up new possibilities to increase oil transit through the territory of Ukraine.

Exercise 115. Match the synonymous words and word combinations.

1) transmission system 2) crude 3) function 4) commission 5) take advantage of 6) transport 7) potential 8) project 9) growth 10) satisfy the demands

a) act b) transporting system c) make use of d) unrefined e) put into operation f) prospective g) transfer h) meet the demands i) increase j) design

Exercise 116. Complete the sentences using English equivalents of the words in brackets.

1. (Ємність резервуарного парку) is over 1 million cubic metres. 2. Via Ukraine’s (магістральні нафтопроводи) crude oil is delivered to Ukrainian (нафтопереробні заводи). 3. In Ukraine crude oil is transported by the Ukrtransnafta (відкрите акціонерне товариство). 4. Today the countries of the Caspian region are only entering the stage of (активне нарощування видобутку нафти).

5. Ukraine accepted the proposal of TNK-BP company for (реверсне використання нафтопроводу) in the direction of Brody-Odesa-Pivdennyi terminal.

Exercise 117. Translate the following questions and answer them.

1. Яку довжину має система нафтопроводів України?

2. Скільки нафтоперекачувальних станцій налічує нафтопро-відна система України? 3. Яка пропускна спроможність нафтопровідної системи? 4. Що забезпечують магістральні нафтопроводи України?

5. Яка компанія здійснює транспортування нафти в Україні? 6. Які підприємства функціонують в системі ВАТ «Укртранс-нафта»?

7. Яка функція відводиться Україні у проекті транспортування каспійської нафти? 8. Які перспективи розвитку нафтотранспортної системи України? 9. Що сприяло збільшенню транзиту нафти територією України?

Exercise 118. Memorize the following words and word combinations to text 10.

Sophisticated – складний

gauge – вимірювальний прилад, манометр; калібр

propel – просувати вперед, штовхати

evaluate – оцінювати

leak – витік; просочуватися, протікати, витікати

impede – перешкоджати, заважати

abrasive mesh – абразивна сітка

dissimilar – відмінний, різнорідний

displacement – зміщення, зсув

pig – пристрій для перевірки стану трубопроводу зсередини

in conjunction – разом, спільно

squalling noise – пронизливий крик, вереск

polyurethane – поліуретан

tungsten stud – вольфрамовий штифт

notched – зазубрений

black box – чорна скринька

aerial patrol – патрулювання з повітря

preven(ta)tive maintenance – профілактичний огляд / ремонт

impediment – перешкода, завада

magnetic flux – магнітний потік

calipers – нутромір

troubleshooting – виявлення пошкоджень, дефектоскопія

debris – уламки, будівельне сміття

safety precaution – запобіжний захід

utility pig – пристрій для очищення трубопроводу зсередини

butterfly valve – дросельний клапан

unauthorized – несанкціонований

interference – втручання

sensor – датчик

extent – протяжність, ступінь

bullet shaped – у формі кулі

influx – скупчення

minute – дрібний, незначний

emergency response team – команда швидкого реагування у випадку аварії

plug – калібр; пробка

scale – накип, окалина

Exercise 119. Read and translate text 10. Select the key words and expressions for a five minute conversation with your partners on “Pipelines Inspect technique”.