- •Contents
- •Module 1
- •1. What is a Computer? Word List
- •III. Understanding words
- •IV. Content review
- •V. Translate the sentences from Ukrainian into English using new vocabulary.
- •VI. Discussion.
- •2. Types of Computer Word list
- •"Types of computer"
- •III. Match types of computer with their definitions.
- •IV. Understanding
- •V. Choose the correct adjective. Then fill in the gaps with the correct form of the adjective.
- •VI. Translate from Ukrainian into English.
- •VII. Make up dialogue between a shop assistant and a customer.
- •VIII. Prepare a report about ibm pc and Apple Macintosh (Mac).
- •3. Early Computing Machines and Inventors Word list
- •Exercises
- •I Match words with definitions
- •II Sequencing of events
- •IV. Understanding the text
- •V. Categorization
- •VI. Make the degrees of comparisons of adjectives and adverbs from the exercise V.
- •VIII. Make up questions to the text.
- •IX. Imagine! You are the guide at the Computer History Museum.
- •4. Five Generations of Modern Computers Word list
- •First Generation (1945-1956)
- •Fourth Generation (1971-Present)
- •III. Locating information
- •V. Replace the pronouns with the corresponding nouns.
- •VI. Give the main characters of the computers of each generation.
- •5. The Parts of Computer Word list
- •IV. Understanding the text
- •V. Replace the pronouns with the corresponding nouns.
- •VI. Make up questions to the text.
- •VII. Translate the following sentences from Ukrainian into English.
- •VIII. Retell the text using exercise VI as a plan.
- •6. The Central Processing Unit Word list
- •I. Main idea
- •II. Understanding the passage
- •III. Locating information
- •V. Understanding words
- •VI. Word forms
- •VII. Content review
- •7. Types of Hardware Word list
- •Hardware
- •III. Complete the passages using the words.
- •Module 1 Variant 2
- •III. Complete the passages using the words.
- •IV. Choose the appropriate form of the words to complete the sentences.
- •Module 1 Variant 3
- •III. Complete the passages using the words.
- •Module 2
- •1. Types of Software Word List
- •I. Main idea
- •Types of software
- •IV. Which of the listed below statements are true/false.
- •V. Find English equivalents in the text:
- •VI. Give definitions to the following using the vocabulary:
- •2. Operating Systems Word List
- •IV. Complete the following sentences using information given in the text
- •VI. Answer the questions
- •3. Linux Text a
- •Exercise
- •1. Find equivalents
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Understanding words
- •III. Complete the sentences with the words given bellow:
- •Why use Linux? Word list
- •Advantages of Using Linux
- •Retell these texts using your plan.
- •II. Understanding the passage
- •IV. Contextual reference
- •V. Understanding words
- •VI. Word forms
- •5. Memory Word list
- •Exercises
- •I. Find in the text adjectives which are used with the following nouns. Translate the word combinations.
- •II. Fill in the gaps with the appropriative words.
- •Find the passive constructions in the 4th and 5"' paragraphs and put them into past and future forms.
- •Give the main idea of the text in one sentence.
- •V. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
- •VI. Translate from Ukrainian into English.
- •6. Internet Word List
- •II. Read the text "Internet"
- •IV. Find in the text Passive Constructions and make them Present, Past or Future Simple Passive
- •V. Change the following sentences into Passive Voice
- •VI. Understanding the text
- •VII. Translate the sentences from Ukrainian into English
- •VIII. Give the definitions of the following words
- •IX. Retell the text using sentences of exercise VI as a plan.
- •7. Viruses Word List
- •I. Refer back to the text and find synonyms for the following words
- •II. Name the words using the definitions
- •VII. Make your plan to the text.
- •III. Complete the passages using the words.
- •VI. Choose the appropriate form of the words to complete the sentences.
- •III. Complete the passages using the words.
- •IV. Choose the appropriate form of the words to complete the sentences.
- •III. Complete the passages using the words.
- •3. Nanorobots
- •4. Types of Networks. Neural Networks.
- •5. Artificial Intelligence
- •6. Digit that Means Nothing
- •7. Types of Error
- •9. Mineral Industry Software
- •10. Advantages of Electronic Detonator Application
Exercise
1. Find equivalents
І to be familiar (with) а) початкова програма
the most versatile operating b) давати доступ system
copy-righted software c) запускати багато численні
програми
4. preemptive multitasking d) впровадження
мікропроцесора
5. to give access є) почати передавання файлу
6. on-line service 0 витискуючий багатозадачний
режим
7. a source code g) програмне забезпечення
захищене авторським правом
the introduction of the h) найбільш універсальна опер, microprocessor система
to run multiple program і) онлайнова служба
lo start a file transfer j) бути знайомим
What Is Linux?
To understand Linux, you must first understand the question, "What is UNIX" The reason is that Linux is a project initiated to create a working version of UNIX on Intel-based machines, more commonly referred to as IBM PC-compatible computers that most people are familiar with. UNIX is the most versatile and popular operating system found today on scientific and high-end workstations. This text explains why you may want to select the UNIX-like Linux instead of one of the other operation systems available for Intel platforms, such as MS-DOS, Windows 95/98, Windows NT, or OS/2.
Linux is an operating system for several types of computer platforms, but primarily for Intel-based PCs. The system has been designed and built by hundreds of programmers scattered around the world. The goal has been to create a UNIX clone, free of any commercially copy-righted software, which the entire world can use. Actually, Linux started out as a hobby of Linus Torvaids while he was a student at the University of Helsinki in Finland.
He wanted to create a replacement for the Minix operating system; a UNIX-like operating system available for Intel-based PCs. Linux is basically a UNIX clone, which means that with Linux you get many of the advantages of UNIX. Linux multitasking is fully preemptive, meaning that you can run multiple programs at the same time, and each program seems to process continuously. Other systems, such as Microsoft Windows 3.1, allow you to ran multiple programs, but when you switch from one program to another, the first program typically stops running. Microsoft Windows 95 and Windows NT are more like Linux because they allow preemptive multitasking. Linux allows you to start a file transfer, print a document, copy a floppy, use a CD-ROM, and play a game all at the same time.
Linux is fully multi-user capable, which means that one person can log in to and use the system at the same time. Although the multi-user feature may not be very useful at home, it gives many people in a corporate or university setting access to the same resources at the same time ye! eliminates the need to duplicate expensive machines. Even at home, you'll find the capability to log into separate accounts on what are called virtual terminals very useful. Also from home, you could provide your own personal online service by using Linux and several modems.
Linux is free - or nearly so. Linux provides a learning opportunity unparalleled today. Here you have a complete working operation system, including source code, with which to play and learn what makes it tick.
Learning what makes Linux tick is something you can't do in a typical UNIX environment, and it's definitely something you can't do with a commercial operating system because no vendor is willing to just give away the source code.
Finally, Linux gives you a chance to relieve - or perhaps experience for the first time - the chaos of the early PC revolution. In the mid-1970s, computers were the province of large organizations, such as the government, big business, and universities. The ordinary person had no access to these marvels. But with the introduction of the microprocessor and the first personal computers, tilings changed.