10. Complete the text using the words:

Fortified entry

Monuments gate

Remains watchtower

Construction

1. The Golden Gate, built in 1037 under Yaroslav the Wise, was the main ________ of the Kyivan Rus.

2. The _________ of the Golden Gates can be seen at the corner of Volodymyrska and Pidvalna streets.

3. The gate was a complicated _________ of a stone wall with an entrance arch.

4. On top of the wall was the small Annunciation Church which also served as a ________.

5. The Golden Gate was heavily _______, even Mongol-Tatars hordes could not break through it.

6. In 1648 Bohdan Khmelnytskyi made his triumphant ________ through the Golden Gate into Kyiv.

7. Today the Golden gate is one of the oldest historical ________ of Kyiv and Kyivan State.

Lesson 18 Famous Ukrainians Taras Shevchenko

1. Find the words, connected with:

-literature and literary activity;

-art and painting;

-political activity and write them down into your vocabularies:

Literary output, creativity, artist, novelettes, portrait, drama, landscapes, collection of poems, watercolor, inspirer, ballad, aquatint, National Bard, drawing, epic poem, verse, story, novel, poetry, dramatic fragments, etching, diary, autobiography, letters, arrest, illustration, sketch, picture, prisoner, paint, artist, painter, democratic, policy, statehood.

2. Read the proper names:

P. Engelhardt, V.V. Shyriaiev, I. Soshenko, Ye. Hrebinka, V. Hryhorovych, O. Venitsianov, K. Briullov, V. Zhukovskyi, A. Herzen, Marko Vovchok, E.F. Aldridge, O.Pushkin, M. Gogol, W. Shakespeare, Adam Mickiewich.

3. Read the text, translate it, write down the new words into your vocabularies: Taras Shevchenko

A National Bard of Ukraine and noted artist Taras Shevchenko was born on March 9, 1814 in the village of Moryntsi, Kyiv gubernia in the family of serf. Born a serf, Shevchenko was orphaned in his early years and grew up in poverty and misery. He was often beaten for ‘wasting time’ on drawing, for which he had innate talent. At the age of 14 he was taken by his owner, P. Engelhardt, to serve as a houseboy. He traveled with his owner, first to Vilno and then to St. Petersburg. Engelhardt noticed Shevchenko’s artistic talent and apprenticed him to the painter V.V. Shyriaev for 4 years. He met the Russian painter K. Brillov, who painted the portrait of the Russian poet V. Zhukovskyi to be disposed in the lottery. The portrait was bought by the Tsarivna because V. Zhukovskyi was the teacher of her children. 2 500 rubles were used to buy Shevchenko’s freedom from Engelhardt in 1838. T. Shevchenko enrolled in the Academy of Fine Arts in St.Petersburg and pursued his art studies and general education. In 1840, he published his first collection of poems, ‘Kobzar’. In 1846, Shevchenko came to Kyiv and joined the secret Cril and Methodius Brotherhood. In 1847 T. Shevchenko was arrested. Tsar Mykola 1 himself initiated the sentencing order preventing the prisoner from writing and painting. But T. Shevchenko managed to continue both. In 1857 he was released but he was not allowed to live in Ukraine. On July 15, 1859, T. Shevchenko was arrested and convoyed to Kyiv. On August 14 he was released on bail. In 1860 Shevchenko decided to become a family man but his plans were ruined. He lived alone in a small room in the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. He died on Sunday, March 10, 1861, in his room. Taras Shevchenko was buried in St. Petersburg but two months afterwards his remains were transferred to Chernecha Hill near Kaniv, in Ukraine.

Taras Shevchenko occupies a uniquely important place in Ukrainian history. He created the conditions that allowed the transformation of Ukrainian literature into a fully functional modern literature. T.Shevchenko literary output consists of one collection of poetry Kobzar (Ukrainian Bard), the drama Nazar Stodolia; two dramatic fragments, nine novelettes; and over 250 letters.

T.Shevchenko was also a noted artist. There are 835 extant works, another 270 are known but have been lost. He painted over 150 portraits, 43 of them-selfportraits. T. Shevchenko also painted numerous landscapes which recorded the architectural monuments of Ukraine. He was also very proficient in watercolors, aquatint, and etching.

He is famous for his illustrations to the books by O. Pushkin, M. Gogol, M. Lermontov and

W. Shakespeare. It is difficult to find another example of an individual, whose poetry and personality so completely embodied national ethos.