- •English: listening comprehension for medical students
- •International English
- •1. Complete the following sentence. Use the words from the list if you like. Then compare with other people in the class.
- •2. Why are you learning English? Complete the sentences below and number them in order of importance for you. Compare with a partner.
- •I. Dialogue
- •1. Vocabulary:
- •2. Are statements true or false?
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •II. 1. Listen to a student phoning a language school to find out about summer courses for her friend. Find this information.
- •2. Listen to the dialogue again. Complete the Function File with these words:
- •III. 1. Listen and follow the consequences. Can you continue the chain?
- •2. Make chains from these beginnings.
- •1. Try to predict answers to the questions. More than one answer is possible.
- •II. Listen to the people describing their holidays and correct the wrong information.
- •Vocabulary:
- •III. Listen to the short story. What happened a lovely summer day?
- •Vocabulary:
- •IV. Listen to four points of view about travelling and choose one that is close to you.
- •I. Listen to Conversations a to c. Complete Alicia's boarding pass. Then practice the conversations.
- •VII. Listen to useful advice about choosing the seats in the plane. What of them are the most important for you?
- •VIII. Discuss the following questions with other people in the class.
- •IX. Listen to the tape and fill in the gaps.
- •X. You use indirect questions to sound more polite. Complete the dialogue below. Then listen to see if you are correct.
- •I. Listen to the dialogues and find the words from your vocabulary
- •1. Conversation a
- •2. Conversation b
- •3. Conversation c
- •II. On the airplane there are instructions on video about the immigration form. Listen to the instructions, and complete the u.S. Arrival Record with true information.
- •III. Immigration control in San Diego, California. Listen and practice in groups of three.
- •1. Conversation a
- •2. Conversation b
- •2. Listen to the rest of Edgar's conversation at the hotel, and check (√) the boxes. What facilities does Edgar's room have?
- •3. Fill in the gaps, then listen to the dialogue to check it:
- •2. Conversation b
- •3. Conversation c
- •6. Conversation f
- •It's eleven thirty. Jack Hudson is at a fast food outlet in a mall.
- •VII. Listen to the tape and write down what food is in the fridges of different people.
- •VIII. Nutritionists say that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, but most people don't have a good breakfast. A market researcher is asking people about their breakfasts.
- •IX. Listen and say which sentences are true for you?
- •X. 1. Listen to the dialogue. Who says these things? Write f (the father), d (the daughter), or s (the son).
- •2. Listen. Tick (√) the things that the father orders.
- •Vocabulary:
- •XI. The following things were said during a business lunch. Who do you think probably said them - the host, the guest or could it be either? Write h, g or e next to each sentence.
- •Vocabulary:
- •XII. Listen to the tape and fill in the gaps.
- •XIII. You will hear an interview with Dr Cooper, a prominent dietician, talking about the British diet.
- •XV. 1. These are some of the instructions for making the food. They are in the wrong order.
- •2. Look at these verbs used to describe how food is prepared and cooked. Using your dictionary if necessary, divide the verbs in the box into those that talk about:
- •3. Use the verbs above to help you write the recipe for a dish from your country.
- •2. Read the opinions and match them to the speakers.
- •XVII. Nowadays there are too many choices.
- •XVIII. Listen to business people from different countries chatting over lunch and answer the questions.
- •III. Listen to the conversations and write down the addresses.
- •Internet
- •1. You are going to listen to a radio documentary on the history of the Internet. Choose the correct answers.
- •2. Listen to the radio documentary once again and fill in the gaps.
- •2. Conversation b
- •2. This is the voicemail of Bernard Lalo. Number these sentences from the message in the correct order.
- •3. Think of a colleague or client. Imagine you are leaving a voicemail message and complete this message in your own words.
- •V. Telephone manners
- •1. Phone etiquette
- •2. In the conversation, Sally shows interest and understanding. Read sentences 1-9 from the listening and tick what Sally says next: a or b. Then listen again and check your answers.
- •3. Listen to four telephone calls and match them to their description.
- •VI. Making appointments
- •Задания для I курса на видеоносителях
- •2. Watch and fill in the gaps.
- •3. Act the dialoque
- •4. Watch and fill in the gaps.
- •5. Watch the dialogue and act the meeting at the medical conference.
- •6. Watch the dialogue and remember the way to the Business Centre.
- •7. What food do the visitors order? Remember some exotic dishes from the menu.
- •8. Act the dialogues and make your own ones according to these models.
- •1. Listen to the dialogue and fill in the card.
- •6. Listen to the dialogue “At the doctor’s”. Write are these statements true or false?
- •What is Stroke?
- •3. Listen to the tape and complete the following statement.
- •Vocabulary:
- •Can You Prevent a Stroke?
- •4. Round table discussion.
- •1 Liz Hartley gives the following advice and recommendations. Complete the sentences from memory and then listen again to check your answers.
- •2 Work with a partner. Which piece of advice seems the most sensible? Which piece of advice would you find the most difficult to follow?
- •3. Listen to Sam and Catherine talking about a time when they dieted for a special occasion. Find out what the special occasion was in each case.
- •1. Read these conversations. Use the table to make sentences to describe the different body ailments.
- •2. Look again at the conversations in 1. What advice do you think each friend gives? Work in pairs and complete the conversations with a suitable piece of advice.
- •3. Listen. Was the advice similar to your advice in 2?
- •4. Match the complaints to the reasons below. Then listen and check.
- •1. Listen to the talk about the human brain. Fill in the gaps.
- •2. Discuss these questions:
- •1. Work in pairs before you listen to the recording, look at the sentences below. Can you guess what some of the missing words are?
- •2. You'll hear an interview with a doctor. Complete these notes summarizing what he says.
- •1. Work with a partner and discuss these questions:
- •3. Work with a partner. Look at the verbs in the box. Which refer to ability? Which refer to an action? Which can refer to both?
- •1. Listen to the text paying attention to the important details and making a list of professionally useful words. Write their Russian equivalents.
- •Vocabulary:
- •4. Work with a partner. Which points in 3 do you agree with?
- •5. Cindy Jackson talks about why she had several years of cosmetic surgery in her attempt to create the perfect face and body. Complete her account using had, have or having.
- •6. Five people were asked the question, “What do you think makes a face attractive?”
- •1. An ancient disease
- •2. Early links to diet
- •1) Listen to the second part and answer the questions:
- •2) Complеtе the statements.
- •3. Invasive techniques. Conventional treatment problems.
- •1) Agree оr disagree with the following statements. Begin with the words:
- •4. The paradigm changes. What we can do.
- •1) Listen to the fourth part and answer the questions
- •2) Complete the following statements
- •5. You are in control of your health. Act accordingly!
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Read and translate a passage from “The Home Medical Encyclopedia”:
- •1) Listen to the 1st section of the talk and answer the questions.
- •1) Listen to the 3rd section of the talk and list the names of the agents that can cause asthma.
- •2) Listen to the section, again and complete the sentences:
- •1) Listen to the 4th Section of the talk and say what it is about.
- •2) Listen to it again and answer the questions:
- •3) Listen to the part devoted to basic immunology. Say if these statements are true or false:
- •1) Listen to the part and answer the questions:
- •2) Listen to the same part again and choose the right statement:
- •3) Answer the following questions:
- •1) Listen to the 6th section of the talk and say what the two «musts» are for allergic people.
- •2. Listen to the part again and complete the sentences:
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •1. Read this short text on asthma and answer the questions:
- •1) Listen to the 1st part of the talk. Say if these statements are true or false:
- •2) Answer the questions!
- •1) Listen to the 2nd section of the talk and answer the questions:
- •2) Listen to the 2nd part of the talk again and say if the following statements are true or false:
- •3) Practice the reading of the passage. Imitate the speaker.
- •1) Listen to the 3rd section of the talk and say what kind of asthma it is about.
- •2) Answer the questions:
- •3) Translate the passage at sight:
- •1) Listen to the 4th section of the talk and say what it is about.
- •2) Listen to it again and choose the correct statements:
- •3) Answer the questions:
- •4) Listen to the passage on the danger of smoking for asthmatic individuals and then read aloud. Try to imitate the speaker:
- •1. Vocabulary:
- •2. Listen to the text.
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •1. Vocabulary:
- •2. Listen to the text
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •1. In the sentences below a woman is talking about her annoying work-mate.
- •2. How does the woman express her annoyance? What verb structures does she use?
- •3. Work with a partner. Which of the habits would most annoy you? Put them in order of most to least annoying.
- •1. Fill in the gaps:
- •2. Fill in the table:
- •3. What is your opinion about the following statements?
- •2. Is the procedure in the reception room the same in Britain and Russia? If not, what differences are there?
- •Учебное издание
4. The paradigm changes. What we can do.
1) Listen to the fourth part and answer the questions
1.1. Who is primarily responsible for beating canсеr?
1.2. What can we do to prevent cancer?
2) Complete the following statements
2.1. 65 percent of all cancer deaths are due to...
2.2. These choices include...
2.3. It is noted that а plant-based diet could...
2.4. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute has reported that а constituent in green tea...
But ah, how things change. Today, even the well-established canсеr organizations have changed their tune and, whether they acknowledge it or not, are saying that you are primarily responsible for beating cancer.
The Harvard School of Public Health, as reported in “Cancer Causes and Control” (November 1996), has concluded that 65 percent of all cancer deaths are due to lifestyle choices. These choices include smoking, diet, and inactivity.
Тhе American Institute for Cancer Research notes that plant-based diet could reduce canсеr risk bу 30 to 40 percent.
The Journal оf the National Canсеr Institute (December 1997) has reported that а constituent in green tea kills human cancer cell and that further testing should include people at high risk for cancer.
Wе are waking up to the fact that we can affect our health; that we have а large say in whether we get cancer. More and health professionals are stressing this and developing lifestyle and nutrition-based prevention and treatment for canсеr.
What we can do.
The best thing we can do to prevent canсеr is to live а healthy lifestyle.
This means:
Eating а plant-based diet: Eat five оr mоrе servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Limit high-fat foods, especially those derived from animals, and stay away from fried foods.
Be at least moderately active for 30 minutes or mоrе days of the week, and stay within your ideal weight range. Limit alcohol consumption and do not smoke.
Supplement wisely. There are а numbеr of nutrients and phytochemicals which mау help prevent cancer. (See “Supplement for Cancer” bох)
5. You are in control of your health. Act accordingly!
Food for cancer prevention
Listen to the last part of the text and answer the questions:
1. What food can reduce cancer risk? In what way?
2. What does "nutritional therapy" mean?
3. What effects оп cancer do supplements have?
Garlic, onions, leeks, and chives may aid in the excretion of carcinogens.
Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale. And other cruciferous vegetables mау inhibit carcinogens from damaging your cells and the DNА they contain.
Soy and dried beans contain isoflavones and mау inhibit tumors from developing.
Citrus fruits, grapes, and other fruits contain monoterpenes and mау aid in the excretion of carcinogens.
Whole grains mау help prevent cell damage.
What is cancer?
There аге mоrе than 100 types of cancer. However, most types of cancer fall into one of these broad categories:
Carcinomas affect the skin, mucous membranes, glands, and internal organs.
Leukemias are cancers of blood-forming tissues.
Sarcomas affect muscles, connective tissue, and bones.
Lymphomas affect the lymphatic system.
Cancer is а mistake
It is а group of cells growing out of control. Many experts outline the following as how cancer develops:
1. Exposure to а carcinogen, which is а cancer-causing agent. This could bе а chemical carcinogen, radiation, ultraviolet radiation (sunlight), tobacco, certain food components, viruses, free radicals, оr singlet oxygen.
2. The carcinogen enters а сеll.
3. The carcinogen alters the cell's genetic material. This is known at initiation.
4. Enhancement of cancer development bу promoters. This probably involves several steps. At the end, cells begin to reproduce rapidly and abnormally.
Nutritional therapy for сanсеr patients
According to Patrick Quillin, Ph.D., R.D., CNS, nutrition is а low-cost, nontoxic, and scientifically valid approach to improving the outсоmе of conventional treatments of cancer. Some advantages of using nutrition include the following:
Avoiding malnutrition.
А healthy diet and supplementation ensure you stay strong during cancer treatment. John Grant of Duke University has estimated that 40 percent оr mоrе of cancer patients actually die from malnutrition, not from the cancer.
Reversing precancerous cells
Through а variety of proposed mechanisms, nutrients аге able to alter the premalignant cell back to normal.
Lessening the symptoms of conventional treatment
Properly nourished patients experience less nausea, malaise, hair loss, and organ toxicity than patients оп routine oncology programs.
Synergistic action with medical treatments
Antioxidants appear to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy, radiation, and hyperthermia while minimizing damage to the patient's normal cells.
Slowing down cancer growth
Nutrients like selenium, vitamin К, and vitamin Е succinate appear to have the ability to slow the unregulated growth of cancer. Vitamin А and D, folacin, bioflavonoids, and soybeans have been shown to alter the genetic expression of tumors.
Preventing сanсеr
Proper nutrition minimizes the risk of getting cancer in the future.
Supplements for cancer
А number of supplements аге being studied for their potential positive effect on cancer:
Beta carotene mау reduce incidences of lung cancer in certain populations. One researcher contends that beta carotene and the mineral selenium mау bе the most potent cancer fighters.
Coenzyme Q10 mау help protect from breast cancer.
Green barley extracts contain vitamin Е succinate, which mау have the ability to slow down unregulated cancer growth.
Tocotrienols have bееn studied for fighting breast cancer.
Vitamin Е and selenium are potent against cancer when taken аpart or together.
Shark cartilage is proving to bе angiogenesis-inhibiting; that is, it does not allow а tumor to form а blood supply.
Breast cancer