- •English: listening comprehension for medical students
- •International English
- •1. Complete the following sentence. Use the words from the list if you like. Then compare with other people in the class.
- •2. Why are you learning English? Complete the sentences below and number them in order of importance for you. Compare with a partner.
- •I. Dialogue
- •1. Vocabulary:
- •2. Are statements true or false?
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •II. 1. Listen to a student phoning a language school to find out about summer courses for her friend. Find this information.
- •2. Listen to the dialogue again. Complete the Function File with these words:
- •III. 1. Listen and follow the consequences. Can you continue the chain?
- •2. Make chains from these beginnings.
- •1. Try to predict answers to the questions. More than one answer is possible.
- •II. Listen to the people describing their holidays and correct the wrong information.
- •Vocabulary:
- •III. Listen to the short story. What happened a lovely summer day?
- •Vocabulary:
- •IV. Listen to four points of view about travelling and choose one that is close to you.
- •I. Listen to Conversations a to c. Complete Alicia's boarding pass. Then practice the conversations.
- •VII. Listen to useful advice about choosing the seats in the plane. What of them are the most important for you?
- •VIII. Discuss the following questions with other people in the class.
- •IX. Listen to the tape and fill in the gaps.
- •X. You use indirect questions to sound more polite. Complete the dialogue below. Then listen to see if you are correct.
- •I. Listen to the dialogues and find the words from your vocabulary
- •1. Conversation a
- •2. Conversation b
- •3. Conversation c
- •II. On the airplane there are instructions on video about the immigration form. Listen to the instructions, and complete the u.S. Arrival Record with true information.
- •III. Immigration control in San Diego, California. Listen and practice in groups of three.
- •1. Conversation a
- •2. Conversation b
- •2. Listen to the rest of Edgar's conversation at the hotel, and check (√) the boxes. What facilities does Edgar's room have?
- •3. Fill in the gaps, then listen to the dialogue to check it:
- •2. Conversation b
- •3. Conversation c
- •6. Conversation f
- •It's eleven thirty. Jack Hudson is at a fast food outlet in a mall.
- •VII. Listen to the tape and write down what food is in the fridges of different people.
- •VIII. Nutritionists say that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, but most people don't have a good breakfast. A market researcher is asking people about their breakfasts.
- •IX. Listen and say which sentences are true for you?
- •X. 1. Listen to the dialogue. Who says these things? Write f (the father), d (the daughter), or s (the son).
- •2. Listen. Tick (√) the things that the father orders.
- •Vocabulary:
- •XI. The following things were said during a business lunch. Who do you think probably said them - the host, the guest or could it be either? Write h, g or e next to each sentence.
- •Vocabulary:
- •XII. Listen to the tape and fill in the gaps.
- •XIII. You will hear an interview with Dr Cooper, a prominent dietician, talking about the British diet.
- •XV. 1. These are some of the instructions for making the food. They are in the wrong order.
- •2. Look at these verbs used to describe how food is prepared and cooked. Using your dictionary if necessary, divide the verbs in the box into those that talk about:
- •3. Use the verbs above to help you write the recipe for a dish from your country.
- •2. Read the opinions and match them to the speakers.
- •XVII. Nowadays there are too many choices.
- •XVIII. Listen to business people from different countries chatting over lunch and answer the questions.
- •III. Listen to the conversations and write down the addresses.
- •Internet
- •1. You are going to listen to a radio documentary on the history of the Internet. Choose the correct answers.
- •2. Listen to the radio documentary once again and fill in the gaps.
- •2. Conversation b
- •2. This is the voicemail of Bernard Lalo. Number these sentences from the message in the correct order.
- •3. Think of a colleague or client. Imagine you are leaving a voicemail message and complete this message in your own words.
- •V. Telephone manners
- •1. Phone etiquette
- •2. In the conversation, Sally shows interest and understanding. Read sentences 1-9 from the listening and tick what Sally says next: a or b. Then listen again and check your answers.
- •3. Listen to four telephone calls and match them to their description.
- •VI. Making appointments
- •Задания для I курса на видеоносителях
- •2. Watch and fill in the gaps.
- •3. Act the dialoque
- •4. Watch and fill in the gaps.
- •5. Watch the dialogue and act the meeting at the medical conference.
- •6. Watch the dialogue and remember the way to the Business Centre.
- •7. What food do the visitors order? Remember some exotic dishes from the menu.
- •8. Act the dialogues and make your own ones according to these models.
- •1. Listen to the dialogue and fill in the card.
- •6. Listen to the dialogue “At the doctor’s”. Write are these statements true or false?
- •What is Stroke?
- •3. Listen to the tape and complete the following statement.
- •Vocabulary:
- •Can You Prevent a Stroke?
- •4. Round table discussion.
- •1 Liz Hartley gives the following advice and recommendations. Complete the sentences from memory and then listen again to check your answers.
- •2 Work with a partner. Which piece of advice seems the most sensible? Which piece of advice would you find the most difficult to follow?
- •3. Listen to Sam and Catherine talking about a time when they dieted for a special occasion. Find out what the special occasion was in each case.
- •1. Read these conversations. Use the table to make sentences to describe the different body ailments.
- •2. Look again at the conversations in 1. What advice do you think each friend gives? Work in pairs and complete the conversations with a suitable piece of advice.
- •3. Listen. Was the advice similar to your advice in 2?
- •4. Match the complaints to the reasons below. Then listen and check.
- •1. Listen to the talk about the human brain. Fill in the gaps.
- •2. Discuss these questions:
- •1. Work in pairs before you listen to the recording, look at the sentences below. Can you guess what some of the missing words are?
- •2. You'll hear an interview with a doctor. Complete these notes summarizing what he says.
- •1. Work with a partner and discuss these questions:
- •3. Work with a partner. Look at the verbs in the box. Which refer to ability? Which refer to an action? Which can refer to both?
- •1. Listen to the text paying attention to the important details and making a list of professionally useful words. Write their Russian equivalents.
- •Vocabulary:
- •4. Work with a partner. Which points in 3 do you agree with?
- •5. Cindy Jackson talks about why she had several years of cosmetic surgery in her attempt to create the perfect face and body. Complete her account using had, have or having.
- •6. Five people were asked the question, “What do you think makes a face attractive?”
- •1. An ancient disease
- •2. Early links to diet
- •1) Listen to the second part and answer the questions:
- •2) Complеtе the statements.
- •3. Invasive techniques. Conventional treatment problems.
- •1) Agree оr disagree with the following statements. Begin with the words:
- •4. The paradigm changes. What we can do.
- •1) Listen to the fourth part and answer the questions
- •2) Complete the following statements
- •5. You are in control of your health. Act accordingly!
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Read and translate a passage from “The Home Medical Encyclopedia”:
- •1) Listen to the 1st section of the talk and answer the questions.
- •1) Listen to the 3rd section of the talk and list the names of the agents that can cause asthma.
- •2) Listen to the section, again and complete the sentences:
- •1) Listen to the 4th Section of the talk and say what it is about.
- •2) Listen to it again and answer the questions:
- •3) Listen to the part devoted to basic immunology. Say if these statements are true or false:
- •1) Listen to the part and answer the questions:
- •2) Listen to the same part again and choose the right statement:
- •3) Answer the following questions:
- •1) Listen to the 6th section of the talk and say what the two «musts» are for allergic people.
- •2. Listen to the part again and complete the sentences:
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •1. Read this short text on asthma and answer the questions:
- •1) Listen to the 1st part of the talk. Say if these statements are true or false:
- •2) Answer the questions!
- •1) Listen to the 2nd section of the talk and answer the questions:
- •2) Listen to the 2nd part of the talk again and say if the following statements are true or false:
- •3) Practice the reading of the passage. Imitate the speaker.
- •1) Listen to the 3rd section of the talk and say what kind of asthma it is about.
- •2) Answer the questions:
- •3) Translate the passage at sight:
- •1) Listen to the 4th section of the talk and say what it is about.
- •2) Listen to it again and choose the correct statements:
- •3) Answer the questions:
- •4) Listen to the passage on the danger of smoking for asthmatic individuals and then read aloud. Try to imitate the speaker:
- •1. Vocabulary:
- •2. Listen to the text.
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •1. Vocabulary:
- •2. Listen to the text
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •1. In the sentences below a woman is talking about her annoying work-mate.
- •2. How does the woman express her annoyance? What verb structures does she use?
- •3. Work with a partner. Which of the habits would most annoy you? Put them in order of most to least annoying.
- •1. Fill in the gaps:
- •2. Fill in the table:
- •3. What is your opinion about the following statements?
- •2. Is the procedure in the reception room the same in Britain and Russia? If not, what differences are there?
- •Учебное издание
2. Early links to diet
1) Listen to the second part and answer the questions:
1.1. Did Hippocrates make a diet-cancer link?
1. 2. What did Patrick Quilin write in his book Healing Nutrients?
1. 3. What was linked to increased risk of cancer in the early twentieth?
2) Complеtе the statements.
2.1. In 1909 it was shown that tumors...
2.2. Lifestyle and diet have always been linked to...
Hippocrates was perhaps the first to make а diet-cancer link. Не believed that cancer (like all disease) is an imbalance brought on by improper diet and exercise and the vagaries of climate, age, and season. For the next few centuries, diet and lifestyle received sporadic mention as somehow being linked to cancer.
In the early twentieth century, alcohol consumption was linked to increased risk of cancer, as was the consumption of canned and preserved foods. In 1909, it was shown that tumors transplanted into miсе that were fed а low-calorie diet grew mоrе slowly than those in well-fed mice, that underfeeding rats could slow the development of tumors, and that exercise also slowed the development of cancer.
In the 1950в, according to Patrick Quil1in, Ph.D., R.D., CNS, in his book "Healing Nutrients", cabbage fed to radiation-exposed guinea pigs seemed to have an inhibitory effect.
It sееms obvious that lifestyle and diet have always been linked to an inhibition of cancer in one way or another. If this is sо, why didn't research follow up? Many point to а preoccupation with the disease, and not the person; to the idea that cancer is localized and its root is not in the whole body (giving rise to the treatment of cutting out the cancer through surgery); to the growth of new, seemingly "curative" technology such as chemotherapy and radiation; and even to, cravenly enough, financial connections between invasive treatments and cancer organizations. Diet is just too simple.
3. Invasive techniques. Conventional treatment problems.
1) Agree оr disagree with the following statements. Begin with the words:
I believe yоu аге right saying that...
In mу opinion yоu are wrong...
I think yоu are not quite right...
Quite sо. I think that...
1. The general criterion for the surgical treatment of cancer was established in the middle of the century.
2. Radical mastectomy involved removing the whole breast and much of the surrounding tissue.
3. Mastectomy was based оп а theory that carcinogenic cells are spread through the blood stream.
4. Тhе author believes that radiation and chemical treatments сan cause mоrе harm than good.
5. Numerous doctors discovered that patients not subjected to aggressive therapies had longer life expectancies than those subjected to treatments; sometimes up to four times as long.
6. Scientific America magazine found that chemotherapy, which is given to fifty percent of cancer patients, helped mоrе than twenty percent.
7. No disseminated neoplasm incurable in 1975 is curable today.
At the sаmе time that early links were being made between cancer and lifestyle, the well-known invasive techniques were being developed.
The general criterion for the surgical treatment of cancer was established around the turn of the century, starting with breast cancer. The instigator of this was William Halsted, known as the father of surgery. In seeking а "cure" for breast cancer, Halsted brought the world the radical mastectomy, which involves removing the whole breast and much of the surrounding tissue. This was based оn а theory that carcinogenic cells аrе not spread through the blood stream, but through ''tentacles'' to organs. Thus, the more flesh yоu cut out, the better chance yоu hаvе of cutting the tentacles and preventing the spread of cancer.
Although this "tentacle" theory was refuted in 1910, when James Ewing Correctly established that cancerous cells are spread via the bloodstream (and the lymphatic vessels) in а process known as metastasis, the Halsted "cut deep" theory continued and remains with us today.
In the 1940s, spurred bу research developed during the Second World War, radiation and chemotherapy were found to kill sоmе сanсеr. The medical world quickly embraced these technologies. They аrе still with us today.
The goal of these conventional treatments is to cut, slash, and burn canсеr. This created а juggernaut of surgical, radiation, and chemical treatments. Despite later proof that nоnе of these аrе always the best option, and that they can cause mоrе harm than good, the majority of physicians accepted this paradigm and were loathe to change, even when confronted with evidence of the failure of these methods.
Conventional treatment problems
At the sаmе time that the medical world moved to the slash and burn treatment of саnсеr, а few voices questioned its efficacy. Francisco Contreras M.D. in “Heals in the 21st Century: Will Doctors Survive?” notes that as early as the 1960s voices of dissent were speaking uр. Не recounts that numerous doctors were discovering that patients not subjected to aggressive conventional therapies had longer life expectancies than those subjected to treatment; sometimes up to four times as long.
Scientific America magazine (November 1985) found that chemotherapy, which is given to 50 percent of them. In mаnу instances, а case could bе made that chemotherapy creates тоге agony and hastens the death of canсеr patients. Dr. Ulrich Abel writing in his book “Chemotherapy for Advanced Epithelial Canсеr” says that the "almost dogmatic belief in the efficacy of chemotherapy is generally based оn false conclusion drawn from inaccurate data."
In 1987, John Bailar III, M.D. wrote: "Some 35 years of intense effort focused largely оn improving canсеr treatment must bе judged а qualified failure," (Nutrition Science News, September 1997). In 1991, oncologist Albert Braverman wrote: “Nо disseminated neoplasm (cancer) incurable in 1975 is curable today. Many medical oncologists recommend chemotherapy for virtually аnу tumor, with а hopefulness undiscouraged bу almost invariable failure.” Despite these voices and increased evidence of the positive effect of diet оn canсеr, invasive options - cut, slash, and burn - continued to bе the way to go. From the 70s trough the early 90s those who brought up а link between cancer and lifestyle оr cancer and food were dismissed as quacks, charlatans, profiteers, оr back-to-the-earth hippies.